Eine neue Serie wenig toxischer Lokalanästhetika aus der Xylocain-Reihe

Summary Local anaesthetics of low toxicity were developed from the group of aroxy- and aralkoxysubstituted diethylaminoacetanilides. The substances were tested for local anaesthetic activity in surface and infiltration anaesthesia and for toxicity.     

Ein neuer vorteilhafter Substitutionstypus der Lokalanästhetika

Summary Highly active and relatively little toxic local anaesthetics from the group of aroxy- and aralkoxycarbanilic acids were developed. The substances were tested for local anaesthetic activity in surface and infiltration anaesthesia.     

Neue lokalanästhetisch wirksame basische Cycloalkylester von substituierten Carbanilsäuren

Summary Highly active local anaesthetics from the group of basic substituted cyclohexylesters of 2-chloro-, 2, 6-dichloro-, 2-chloro-6-methyl-, 2-methyl-, 2, 6-dimethyl-and 2,4,6-trimethylcarbanilic acid were developed. The substances were tested for local anaesthetic activity in surface anaesthesia.     

Über pharmakodynamisch interessante Aminoalkylderivate von Acridan- und Phenthiazinhomologen

Summary The synthesis of aminoalkyl derivatives of 1-aza-2, 3; 5,6-dibenzocycloheptadiene (homoacridane) and 1-aza-4-thia-2, 3; 5,6-dibenzocycloheptadiene (homophenothiazine) is described. Salts of these bases possess high antihistamine and local anaesthetic activity.     

General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels

The molecular mechanisms of general anaesthetics have remained largely obscure since their introduction into clinical practice just over 150 years ago. This review describes the actions of general anaesthetics on mammalian neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. As a result of research during the last several decades, ligand-gated ion channels have emerged as promising molecular targets for the central nervous system effects of general anaesthetics. The last 10 years have witnessed an explosion of studies of anaesthetic modulation of recombinant ligand-gated ion channels, including recent studies which utilize chimeric and mutated receptors to identify regions of ligand-gated ion channels important for the actions of general anaesthetics. Exciting future directions include structural biology and gene-targeting approaches to further the understanding of general anaesthetic molecular mechanisms. Received 10 December 1998; received after revision 22 February 1999; accepted 23 February 1999     

Foetal growth retardation in the rat following chronic exposure to the inhalation anaesthetic enflurane

Summary Chronic exposure of pregnant rats to high subanaesthetic concentration of the inhalation anaesthetic agent enflurane led to foetal growth retardation. No significant foetal loss or abnormalities occurred.     

The effect of lidocaine on the secretion induced by cholera toxin in the cat small intestine

The intraluminal administration of lidocaine, a local anaesthetic agent, inhibits the net loss of fluid into the intestinal lumen produced by cholera toxin in the cat. It is suggested that the activation of a nervous reflex is involved in the pathogenesis of cholera.     

The effect of lidocaine on the secretion induced by cholera toxin in the cat small intestine

Summary The intraluminal administration of lidocaine, a local anaesthetic agent, inhibits the net loss of fluid into the intestinal lumen produced by cholera toxin in the cat. It is suggested that the activation of a nervous reflex is involved in the pathogenesis of cholera.This research was sponsored by grants from the Swedish Medical Research Council (14X-2855), from the Swedish Society for Medical Sciences, from Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse and from the Medical Faculty, University of Göteborg.     

Effet de quelques anesthésiques sur le flux sanguin de la muqueuse gastrique,chez le Rat

Summary Effects of ether, nembutal or urethane anaesthesia on gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow (MBF) are studied in the Rat; these 3 anaesthetics alter neither volume nor total acidity of juice, but free acidity and proteolytic activity are more importance after ether anaesthesia; MBF is highest in nembutal anaesthetized rats; therefore nembutal is the best anaesthetic for studies of digestive physiology or pharmacology.     

High permeability of insect blood-brain barrier to alcohols demonstrated by an electrophysiological technique.

Using the anaesthetic effects of the alcohols to measure their concentration within the cockroach central nervous system, it is shown that the lower homologues have access half-times of only a few seconds. Slower access of the higher homologues is interpreted in terms of a reservoir effect resulting from their higher liposolubility.     

Über die Wirkung von Diäthyläther auf die Aktivität der Glykogenphosphorylase und Phosphorylaseb-Kinase in Herz,Skeletmuskel und Leber der Ratte

Summary The rise of phosphorylasea activity and the activation of phosphorylaseb kinase in skeletal muscle of the rat in diethyl ether anaesthesia are inhibited by a blocker of the adrenergic receptors, pronethalol. This agent has no effect on the increased activity of liver phosphorylase under the same conditions. There are no effects of this anaesthetic on the phosphorylasea level in myocardium.     

Phasic hippocampal activity during paradoxical sleep in the rat: selective suppression after diazepam administration

Summary The effects of diazepam on tonic (T) and phasic (P) components of the paradoxical-sleep hippocampal theta rhythm were studied in the rat. Results show that diazepam, a benzodiazepine analogue known to interfere with the putative neurotransmitter -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the mammalian central nervous system, selectively abolishes P. They confirm previous data according to which sedative/anaesthetic drugs cause, an apparent dissociation of T and P of the paradoxical-sleep hippocampal theta rhythm. Moreover, they suggest a possible involvement of GABA in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying P in the rat.     

Untersuchungen über die β-adrenolytische Wirkung sowie den Einfluss auf Refraktärzeit und Kontraktilität von INPEA und MJ1999 am Meerschweinchenvorhof

Summary In isolated guinea-pig atria, the-adrenolytic isomerd(–)INPEA provoked a stronger prolongation of the refractory period (rp) than did the inactivel(+) isomer. The-adrenolytic drug MJ 1999 prolonged likewise the rp, although it caused no unspecific effect, i.e. an inhibition of contractile force. These observations lead to the conclusion that not only the unspecific local anaesthetic but also the specific-adrenolytic effect is of importance for the prolongation of rp.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对肠系膜上动脉活体形态的显示及临床应用

目的探讨64层螺旋cT血管成像（CTA）对肠系膜上动脉（SMA）活体形态的显示及临床应用价值。方法对80例临床疑有腹部、盆腔疾病的患者行64层螺旋CTA扫描,然后利用容积再现（VR）、多平面重建（MPR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、反向MIP（I—MIP）和薄层MIP（TS．MIP）等技术进行后处理。80例患者分为正常组（30例）和异常组（50例）两组,对正常组采用多种重建技术显示SMA各级分支,并测量SMA的直径,观察SMA起始段的走行;在MPR像上测量SMA与腹主动脉（AA）的夹角（An）,在左肾静脉（LRV）平面测量SMA至AA的距离（M）,在左侧肾门旁测量LRV最大前后径（A）,在SMA与AA问测量LRV最小前后径（B）。对异常组采用多种重建技术显示SMA,分析SMA特点。结果VR、MIP、I-MIP像均可显示正常组SMA整体解剖形态,TS-MIP对小分支显示优于其他重建技术。不同重建方式对SMA直径的测量无显著差异（F=0．71,P〉0．05）。SMA起始段走行方向为右下走行90％,前下走行占6．7％,左下走行占3．3％。An平均为（61．06±22．79）°。M平均为（14．62±4．00）mm,A平均为（9．16±1．91）mm,B平均为（6．00±2．01）mm,A与B比值〉2者占20．0％,〉3者占3．3％。异常组中有5例小肠先天性旋转不良及2例小肠扭转,SMA轴位像主要表现“回旋征”,VR表现为“螺旋征”;1例SMA分支栓塞;消化道肿瘤19例,其中8例供血动脉为SMA分支;回盲部动静脉畸形1例;余22例肝脏、泌尿生殖系统病变SMA无明显异常。结论64层螺旋CTA能很好地显示SMA的活体形态特征,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

聚苯胺-十二烷基苯磺酸/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的合成与表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为掺杂剂和乳化剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用乳液插层聚合(emulsion intercalated polymerization)方法合成了十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂聚苯胺/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料(简称PANI-DBSA/organo-MMT).研究表明,在苯胺、DBSA、APS三者物质量比为1:1:1时,苯胺与有机蒙脱土(organo-MMT)质量比为1:3时,复合材料的电导率最高可达2.63 ×10-2 s/cm.用XRD、FT-IR、TGA和SEM对复合材料进行了表征,结果表明PANI-DBSA能够有效地插层到有机蒙脱土层间,并在蒙脱土表面形成包覆结构,形成连续的导电相,从而使复合材料具有良好的导电性.TGA试验结果表明复合材料的热性能较本体聚合物得到有效改善.     

Calcium and magnesium deficiency and C3 fraction of complement]

The third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of complement and C3 proactivator (C3PA) were determined in 55 children with low serum levels of calcium and magnesium and 30 normal children. The concentrations of serum C3, C4 and C3PA were significantly reduced in children with double deficiences of calcium and magnesium. There were significant correlations between calcium and C3 and magnesium and C3PA. The relations between calcium, magnesium and the classical or alternate pathway of complement systems are discussed.     

Catecholamine metabolism in the vas deferens and the adrenal gland with special reference to the central catecholamine-depleted state

Experiments were carried out to elucidate the role of central catecholamines in regulating catecholamine metabolism in the vas deferens and adrenal gland of the rat. Rats were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with either vehicle or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Groups of animals pretreated with vehicle or 6-OHDA (i.c.v.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMT), a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. Catecholamine turnover rates were estimated by determining norepinephrine or epinephrine content after administrating AMT.Central norepinephrine and dopamine contents decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with 6-OHDA and AMT. The norepinephrine content of the vas deferens of rats pretreated with 6-OHDA was markedly reduced (p<0.001) after administration of AMT, whereas that of the vehicle-treated rats remained unchanged. Administration of 6-OHDA had no effect on the norepinephrine or epinephrine content of the adrenal gland.The present results indicate that central monoaminergic neurons have an inhibitory effect on the adrenergic neurons of the vas deferens. In contrast, this inhibitory regulation does not appear to be exerted on the adrenal glands.     

Receptors for cytomegaloviruses on the surface of human lymphocytes]

The relationships between cytomegalovirus (CMV) and lymphocytes have already been noted because of: (a) the immunological abnormalities induced by this virus, and (b) activation of latent CMV in the course of lymphocyte reactions associated with anti-histocompatibility antigen immune response. The present work shows that the lymphocyte surface may have specific receptors for CMV. Cultured fibroblasts infected with DMV were incubated with lymphocytes isolated from the blood of human immune subjects. Rosettes defined by the adherence of three or more lymphocytes around a fibroblast were formed in infected preparation while no rosettes were seen with normal control fibroblasts. Approximately 1.2 per cent of lymphocytes were involved in the formation of these rosettes. Rosette formation is inhibited when infected fibroblasts have been incubated with anti-CMV antibodies prior to the addition of lymphocytes.     

Catecholamine metabolism in the vas deferens and the adrenal gland with special reference to the central catecholamine-depleted state.

Experiments were carried out to elucidate the role of central catecholamines in regulating catecholamine metabolism in the vas deferens and adrenal gland of the rat. Rats were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with either vehicle or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Groups of animals pretreated with vehicle or 6-OHDA (i.c.v.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMT), a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor. Catecholamine turnover rates were estimated by determining norepinephrine or epinephrine content after administering AMT. Central norepinephrine and dopamine contents decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after treatment with 6-OHDA and AMT. The norepinephrine content of the vas deferens of rats pretreated with 6-OHDA was markedly reduced (p less than 0.001) after administration of AMT, whereas that of the vehicle-treated rats remained unchanged. Administration of 6-OHDA had no effect on the norepinephrine or epinephrine content of the adrenal gland. The present results indicate that central monoaminergic neurons have an inhibitory effect on the adrenergic neurons of the vas deferens. In contrast, this inhibitory regulation does not appear to be exerted on the adrenal glands.     

Molecular aspects of 2 human urinary glycoproteins with histocompatibility antigen (HLA) serological activity]

Two serologically active urinary glycoproteins (HLA-A 9 and HLA-B 12) were isolated from urine provided by a patient suffering from tubular proteinuria. Their N-terminal sequences were automatically determined. The latter were identical with the sequence of another urinary glycoprotein (protein HC). The relationship between protein HC and the serological activity is discussed.