Structural basis of HutP-mediated anti-termination and roles of the Mg2+ ion and L-histidine ligand

HutP regulates the expression of the hut structural genes of Bacillus subtilis by an anti-termination mechanism and requires two components, Mg2+ ions and L-histidine. HutP recognizes three UAG triplet units, separated by four non-conserved nucleotides on the terminator region. Here we report the 1.60-A resolution crystal structure of the quaternary complex (HutP-L-histidine-Mg2+-21-base single-stranded RNA). In the complex, the RNA adopts a novel triangular fold on the hexameric surface of HutP, without any base-pairing, and binds to the protein mostly by specific protein-base interactions. The structure explains how the HutP and RNA interactions are regulated critically by the l-histidine and Mg2+ ion through the structural rearrangement. To gain insights into these structural rearrangements, we solved two additional crystal structures (uncomplexed HutP and HutP-L-histidine-Mg2+) that revealed the intermediate structures of HutP (before forming an active structure) and the importance of the Mg2+ ion interactions in the complexes.     

离子色谱法测定饮用水中钠、镁、钙

本文研究了离子色谱法测定饮用水及源水中钠、镁、钙离子的方法.实验表明,该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简便,分析快速.在本方法实验条件下,钠、镁、钙方法检出限,分别为0.013mg/L;0.013mg/L;0.025mg/L.相对标准偏差分布在0.07-0.76%,加标回收率分布在99-102%.     

大孔树脂对食品糖液中Ca2+、Mg2+离子的吸附特性研究

研究了A252大孔树脂对糖液中Ca 、Mg2 的吸附效果.结果表明,该树脂对Ca2 、Mg2 的交换能力大,吸附效果好,且该树脂的交换容量与糖液的pH值和流速相关.     

腐殖质与Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的络合作用及其在农业中的应用

用电位滴定法研究腐殖酸FA和HA与金属离子(Ca2+、Mg2+、Co2+、Ni2+)的络合作用,发现它们与金属离子形成的络合物比较稳定,在溶液中的络合形成常数可通过作图法获得 随着溶液中金属离子浓度的增大,络合形成常数减小,同时发现FA与金属离子的络合形成常数比HA的大 腐殖酸是土壤肥力高低的一个重要标志,在农业应用中具有重要作用     

Second messenger role for Mg2+ revealed by human T-cell immunodeficiency

The magnesium ion, Mg(2+), is essential for all life as a cofactor for ATP, polyphosphates such as DNA and RNA, and metabolic enzymes, but whether it plays a part in intracellular signalling (as Ca(2+) does) is unknown. Here we identify mutations in the magnesium transporter gene, MAGT1, in a novel X-linked human immunodeficiency characterized by CD4 lymphopenia, severe chronic viral infections, and defective T-lymphocyte activation. We demonstrate that a rapid transient Mg(2+) influx is induced by antigen receptor stimulation in normal T cells and by growth factor stimulation in non-lymphoid cells. MAGT1 deficiency abrogates the Mg(2+) influx, leading to impaired responses to antigen receptor engagement, including defective activation of phospholipase Cγ1 and a markedly impaired Ca(2+) influx in T cells but not B cells. These observations reveal a role for Mg(2+) as an intracellular second messenger coupling cell-surface receptor activation to intracellular effectors and identify MAGT1 as a possible target for novel therapeutics.     

镁钙离子与π体系相互作用的量子化学研究

运用量子化学HF方法在6—311G^＊＊基组水平上对镁、钙离子与π芳香体系（苯、苯酚、对二硝基苯）相互作用所形成的配合物进行了优化计算，并在此基础上进行了振动分析．得到了配合物的稳定几何构型，电荷密度，能量，前线轨道等信息，从而得到了钙、镁离子-π配合物的一些化学性质，计算表明不仅过渡金属阳离子能与芳环体系发生相互作用，而且碱土金属二价阳离子也能与芳环体系发生相互作用，同时表明HF方法对于研究阳离子-π配合物的可靠性．     

离子色谱法测定环境空气样品中的氟化物

采用离子色谱法测定环境空气样品中的氟化物,具有操作简单,灵敏度高,准确度高、重现性好等优点。氟化物的测定线性范围为0.004-1000mg/L,方法的检出线为0.004mg/L,相对标准偏差小于等于3.1%,加标回收率在96%-105%范围内。测定环境空气样品中的氟化物,获得了满意的结果。     

Mg2+-induced LHC II aggregation in thylakoid membrane

Mg²⁺-induced changes in 77K fluorescence spectra of wheat thylakoid membranes were analyzed by a Gaussian deconvolution program. All spectra were fitted well with 7 Gaussian sub-bands. The sub-band areas for the LHC H macroaggregate (F₆₉₉) and PS II (F₆₈₅ and F₆₉₅) were increased and those for the LHC II trimer (F₆₈₁) and PS I (F₇₂₉ and F₇₄₀) were decreased by Mg²⁺. Moreover, it was found that the sub-band area ratio for F₆₉₉ over F₆₈₁ was dramatically enhanced by Mg²⁺ by 1.72 times. It was concluded that the LHC II trimer in thylakoid membranes could be aggregated and transformed into its macroaggregate by Mg²⁺ on a large scale. The possible implication of the Mg²⁺-induced LHC II aggregation was also discussed.     

Glucose modulates Mg2+ fluxes in pancreatic islet cells

Magnesium, the most abundant intracellular divalent cation, is an essential cofactor for many enzyme systems, but it remains unknown as to whether variations in the cytoplasmic concentration of ionized Mg2+ directly control cellular processes. Experiments with adrenal medullary cells made 'leaky' by exposure to high electric fields provided evidence that Mg2+ could influence hormone release not only by competing with Ca2+ for entry into the cell, but also at intracellular sites controlling exocytosis. A similar conclusion was reached for insulin release in a study using isolated rat islets also subjected to high voltage discharges. There is no experimental evidence, however, that physiological stimuli influence Mg2+ movements in intact secretory cells. We report here that 28Mg2+ fluxes in pancreatic islet cells are markedly modified by glucose, the physiological stimulus of insulin release, but not by its non-insulinotropic analogue, 3-O-methylglucose.     

Hormonal control of Mg2+ transport in the heart

Magnesium is abundant in the mammalian body and the second most abundant cation in cells. Because the concentration of intracellular free Mg2+ is relatively high (0.2-1 mM), Mg2+ is unlikely to act as a second messenger, like Ca2+, by rapidly changing its cytosolic concentration. But changes in Mg2+ do have profound effects on cellular metabolism, structure and bioenergetics. Key enzymes or metabolic pathways, mitochondrial ion transport, Ca2+ channel activities in the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles, ATP-requiring reactions, and structural properties of cells and nucleic acids are modified by changes in Mg2+ concentration. Yet, although some information is available from giant cells and bacteria, little is known about the regulation of intracellular Mg2+ in mammalian cells. Here we report a new transport mechanism for Mg2+ across the sarcolemma of cardiac cells in both intact hearts and dissociated myocytes. We show that noradrenaline, through beta-adrenergic stimulation and increase of cyclic AMP, stimulates a large efflux of Mg2+ from cardiac cells. This transport is of major dimensions and can move up to 20% of total cellular Mg2+ within a few minutes.     

掺杂Ca^2＋和Mg^2＋对SBN陶瓷介电性能的影响

以分析纯的碳酸锶、碳酸钡、碳酸钙、氧化镁和五氧化二铌为原料,采用固相法制备掺杂Ca(Mg)的Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6陶瓷材料.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和阻抗分析仪,研究掺杂样品的相组成、微观组织和介电性能.研究结果表明,Ca2+掺杂量≤0.23 mol时,Ca2+取代钨青铜结构中A位的Sr2+和Ba2+,随Ca掺杂量的增加,SBN晶格常数逐渐减小.介电温谱曲线显示:在150℃和330℃处出现介电双峰;当Ca2+掺杂量≥0.28 mol时,出现第二相CaNb2O6,此时对应(Sr,Ba,Ca)Nb2O6的介电峰逐渐消失.Mg掺杂的所有陶瓷样品,XRD谱呈现SBN50与MgNb2O6两相共存的情形.在150℃和310℃处同样出现介电双峰,随着Mg掺杂量增加,介电峰为1个单峰,并移向低温.     

Ohmic conductance through the inwardly rectifying K channel and blocking by internal Mg2+

The inwardly rectifying K channel provides the resting K conductance in a variety of cells. This channel acts as a valve or diode, permitting entry of K+ under hyperpolarization, but not its exit under depolarization. This behaviour, termed inward rectification, permits long depolarizing responses which are of physiological significance for the pumping function of the heart and for fertilization of egg cells. Little is known about the outward currents through the inwardly rectifying K channel, despite their great physiological importance, and the mechanism of inward rectification itself is unknown. We have used improved patch clamp techniques to control the intracellular media, and have recorded the outward whole-cell and single-channel currents. We report here that the channel conductance is ohmic and that the well-known inward rectification of the resting K conductance is caused by rapid closure of the channel accompanied by a voltage-dependent block by intracellular Mg2+ ions at physiological concentrations.     

地西泮对大鼠脑突触体内Ca2+水平和Ca2+, Mg2+-ATP酶活性的作用

用Quin 2法测得大鼠脑突触体内静息游离Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)为85±13μmol/g protein.地西泮0.1,1和10 mmol/L对静息突触体[Ca2+]i无明显影响,但能以剂量依赖方式增高65 mmol/LKCl所致突触体[Ca2+]i升高,从105±23μmol/g protein分别达到185±28,267±49和291±48μmol/gprotein.地西泮1和10 mmol/L分别使突触体Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性降低28.7%和42.5%;使Mg2+-ATP酶活性分别降低12.6%和32.8%,提示地西泮可能是通过抑制钙调素,进而抑制Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性,使突触体[Ca2+]1升高,促进神经末梢释放递质.     

盐胁迫下土壤-杨树系统中离子运移与分布特征

在温室条件下,采用盆栽根箱培养的方法研究了盐胁迫下土壤-杨树系统中盐分离子的运移与分布特征。结果表明,各处理下杨树根际土壤中K^ 出现亏缺,Na^ 、Ca^ 、Mg^2 均出现富集。在低盐胁迫下,杨树根系优先选择吸收K^ 、Ca^2 和Mg^2 ,而对Na^ 的选择性有所减弱;两个杨树无性系能在根中积累较多的阳离子,同时I-69杨对Ca^2 ,NL-1381杨对K^ 、Ca^2 和Mg^2 向地上部分运输的选择性也有所增强,但抑制Na^ 向地上部分的运输,以减缓Na^ 对地上部分生长的胁迫。     

慢性氟中毒对大鼠基础生长的影响及金属离子的拮抗作用

目的 通过动物实验,研究慢性氟中毒对大鼠生长的影响,以及钙、镁和铝离子对慢性氟中毒的拮抗作用,为研究地氟病的分子机制及其治疗提供基础数据.方法 断奶1周的24只雄性SD大鼠,随机分成4个实验组,分别为对照组、高氟组、氟＋镁＋铝拮抗组和氟＋钙拮抗组.全群饲喂3个月,每隔两天称量大鼠体质量、摄食量和饮水量.处死前3d,每天留取24 h尿液,测定尿氟含量.结果 1）与对照组相比,高氟组体质量增长速度明显减缓,加钙拮抗组体质量增长速度比对照组快,也比高氟组快;2）高氟组的尿氟含量高于其他组,加镁铝拮抗组和加钙拮抗组比高氟组低,但仍高于对照组;3）各组摄食量和饮水量无明显差异.结论 慢性氟中毒会减缓动物个体的生长速度,而在饮水中添加镁、铝或钙离子能够起到一定的拮抗作用,钙离子拮抗作用更为明显.     

Structural insights into amino acid binding and gene control by a lysine riboswitch

In bacteria, the intracellular concentration of several amino acids is controlled by riboswitches. One of the important regulatory circuits involves lysine-specific riboswitches, which direct the biosynthesis and transport of lysine and precursors common for lysine and other amino acids. To understand the molecular basis of amino acid recognition by riboswitches, here we present the crystal structure of the 174-nucleotide sensing domain of the Thermotoga maritima lysine riboswitch in the lysine-bound (1.9 ?ngstr?m (A)) and free (3.1 A) states. The riboswitch features an unusual and intricate architecture, involving three-helical and two-helical bundles connected by a compact five-helical junction and stabilized by various long-range tertiary interactions. Lysine interacts with the junctional core of the riboswitch and is specifically recognized through shape-complementarity within the elongated binding pocket and through several direct and K(+)-mediated hydrogen bonds to its charged ends. Our structural and biochemical studies indicate preformation of the riboswitch scaffold and identify conformational changes associated with the formation of a stable lysine-bound state, which prevents alternative folding of the riboswitch and facilitates formation of downstream regulatory elements. We have also determined several structures of the riboswitch bound to different lysine analogues, including antibiotics, in an effort to understand the ligand-binding capabilities of the lysine riboswitch and understand the nature of antibiotic resistance. Our results provide insights into a mechanism of lysine-riboswitch-dependent gene control at the molecular level, thereby contributing to continuing efforts at exploration of the pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential of riboswitches.     

Amino-acid sequence of a Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent ATPase from rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, deduced from its complementary DNA sequence

We have cloned and sequenced complementary DNA encoding a Ca2+-ATPase of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. We propose a model of the protein which has 3 cytoplasmic domains joined to a set of 10 transmembrane helices by a narrow, penta-helical stalk. In this model, ATP bound to one cytoplasmic domain would phosphorylate an aspartate in an adjoining cytoplasmic domain, inducing translocation of Ca2+ from binding sites on the stalk.     

“微超酸”改性硅藻土对Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以天然硅藻土为原料,通过微波、超声、酸化制备得到"微超酸"改性硅藻土.探讨了该改性硅藻土对水溶液中Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)3种重金属离子的吸附效果及影响因素.实验结果表明,在一定范围内,提高溶液pH值、延长吸附时间、升高吸附温度、增加吸附剂的用量均可提高3种金属离子的吸附去除效果;"微超酸"改性硅藻土对3种金属离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir方程.