微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,获得了此工艺制备污泥活性炭的最佳条件,即:固液比1g:1.5m L,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol·L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s.此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg·g-1,比表面积为354 m2·g-1,产率为74.09%,吸附性能和产率均优于传统方法制备的污泥活性炭.     

剩余污泥制备活性炭吸附剂及其吸附性能研究

笔者以城市剩余污泥和花生壳为原料,通过化学活化和高温热解的方法,制备出污泥、污泥-花生壳吸附剂并对其吸附性能进行了研究﹒通过单因素实验,考察了不同活化温度、活化时间、活化剂浓度、浸渍比、原料配比等因素对活性炭吸附性能的影响,确定出污泥制备活性炭吸附剂的最佳工艺参数﹒正交试验结果表明:ZnCl_2浓度为5 mol/L、温度为500℃、活化时间为2 h、浸渍比为1︰1、原料配比为2︰1时,制得的活性炭吸附性能最佳,碘吸附值为781.05 mg/g,吸附剂产率为14.35%﹒与污泥吸附剂相比各项性能有明显提升﹒     

微波磷酸法制备玉米芯活性炭

以玉米芯为原料,采用磷酸活化、微波辐照的方法制备活性炭,以碘吸附值为指标考察玉米芯活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上采用响应曲面法考察微波时间,浸渍时间,磷酸体积分数,液料比等因素对玉米芯活性炭吸附性能的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数.结果表明,各因素对碘值的吸附性影响的显著性表现为:微波时间磷酸体积分数浸渍时间液料比,通过响应面法优化的最佳工艺条件为,微波时间8 min,浸渍时间18.79 h,液料比20∶1(m L/g),磷酸体积分数为57.25%,该条件下制备的活性炭的碘值为2 188.09 mg/g.     

脱水污泥活性炭的制备及其吸附特性研究

以城市污水处理厂产生的脱水污泥为原料,采用化学活化法并结合传统的直接加热技术制备脱水污泥活性炭,研究了影响脱水污泥活性炭吸附特性的各种因素.研究结果表明:制备脱水污泥活性炭的优化条件是活化剂为5 mol·L-1ZnCl2+5 mol·L-1H2SO4混合溶液,固液比为1∶2.5,复配比为2∶1,浸渍时间为24 h,活化温度为600℃,活化时间为20 min.制备的脱水污泥活性炭碘吸附值为939.7 mg.g-1,产率为69.03%,其吸附特性优于商品活性炭.     

磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭工艺

以林业废弃物杨木屑为原料,采用正交试验法探讨以磷酸为主活化剂,浓硫酸为辅助活化剂,在不同工艺条件下制备活性炭,测定其亚甲基蓝脱色力和碘的吸附值,考虑活化因素对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,确定最佳工艺参数.试验结果表明:磷酸-硫酸活化法制备木屑活性炭的最佳工艺条件为浸渍比1∶2.5,浸渍浓度60%,活化时间90 min,活化温度550℃.     

中心组合设计法优化CuCl2为活化剂的茶梗活性炭制备工艺

本研究以茶梗为原料,以氯化铜为活化剂,化学法制备载铜茶梗活性炭,采用响应面法优化所制备活性炭的吸附性能.在单因素实验的基础上选取浸渍比、氯化铜浓度、活化温度、活化时间为影响因子,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验（简称BBD）进行4因素3水平的试验设计,以活性炭得率和碘吸附值作为响应值,进行响应面分析.结果表明,制备活性炭的最佳条件为：氯化铜浓度为25％、浸渍比为4、活化温度为600℃、活化时间为5 h,在此条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值为453 mg/g、得率为47.09％.在优化条件下,制得的活性炭的碘吸附值和得率与预测值基本符合,所以据响应面法原理,对相关影响因素进行试验优化设计可行.     

一次性筷子制备活性炭的研究

对废弃一次性筷子的综合利用进行了探索性的实验研究,以一次性筷子为原料制备活性炭,采用条件实验比较氯化锌法和磷酸法对一次性筷子活化效果的影响。结果表明,磷酸法制备出的活性炭性能优于另外一种方法。以磷酸为活化剂,研究了浸渍比、活化温度、活化剂浓度、活化时间对活性炭的得率和碘吸附值的影响。实验结果表明,在最佳工艺条件:活化剂浓度50%,活化温度500℃,浸渍比3:1,活化时间60min,浸渍时间12h下,所制得活性炭的碘吸附值为863.10mg/g。     

氯化锌活化棉杆制备活性炭及孔结构表征

研究了以棉花秸秆为原料,采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的可行性。利用正交实验探讨了氯化锌加入率、浸渍时间、微波功率及活化时间对产品活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响。得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备棉秆活性炭的最佳工艺：氯化锌与棉秆比例以1．6：1,浸渍时间24h,微波功率为560W,微波辐射时间为9min。用此工艺条件制得活性炭的亚甲基兰吸附值、碘吸附值、产率分别为1002．92mg／g,12．8mL／0．1g和38．92％;通过电镜扫描和自动物理化学吸附仪对活性炭孔结构进行表征,表明该活性炭的BET比表面积为794．84m^2／g,属中孔发达的活性炭。     

响应曲面优化中药材废渣基活性炭的制备

采用中药材废渣为原料,以KOH为活化剂,选用响应曲面分析方法设计实验,制备活性炭.以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为响应值,对影响KOH活化法最重要的3个因素浸渍比、活化温度以及活化时间进行优化.结果表明,对于碘吸附值的影响,活化温度浸渍比活化时间,对于亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,浸渍比活化温度活化时间.所得最优条件为浸渍比3、活化温度744℃、活化时间75min,在此条件下制备的活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为723.75mg/g、350.82mg/g,与理论模型值非常接近,说明基于响应曲面法所得的最佳工艺参数准确可靠.通过SEM、热重分析可知该活性炭具有孔隙结构发达、热稳定性高等特点.     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥制备活性炭的研究

以污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以KOH为活化剂采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭。研究了碳化时间、碳化温度及活化剂浓度等条件对污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响。通过正交实验确定了污泥活性炭的最佳制备条件。结果表明,以碘吸附值作为主要评价指标,制备条件对污泥活性炭的碘吸附值影响大小的顺序为:炭化时间活化剂浓度炭化温度。制备污泥活性炭的最佳工艺组合为炭化温度400℃,炭化时间40 min,活化剂浓度为0.3 mol/L,污泥活性炭的碘值为308.7 mg/g。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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