初级视觉信息处理机理与多分辨分析

详细阐述了初级视觉信息处理的生理过程,并将其信息处理机制与多分辨分析方法对应起来,提出了基于小波的计算机初级视觉信息处理机制.     

基于视觉词袋模型的图像信息处理算法研究

研究一种基于视觉词袋模型的图像筛选与搜索优化算法以提高机器人闭环检测质量和降低图像信息处理量.首先,通过SURF算子提取图像中的特征信息,构建对应的视觉词袋模型,并形成视觉词袋直方图;其次,基于视觉词袋直方图计算获得对应的图像混合显著度,进而筛选出信息量丰富且可区分度大的图像,并组成待搜索图像集合;然后,从视觉词袋直方图中提取图像中的显著主要特征类组成集合,并用其近似替代图像的特征分布情况,以降低图像特征信息处理量,加快图像搜索速度.最后,仿真实验证明本文提出的图像筛选和搜索方法的可行性和有效性.     

Neuronal properties underlying processing of visual information in the barnacle.

Generation of a transient, amplified response to the dimming of light in the visual system of the barnacle involves two synaptic stages. It is accomplished primarily by decrementally conducting neurones that are similar to bipolar cells of the vertebrate retina.     

Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex

Each of our movements activates our own sensory receptors, and therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore saccade-induced visual changes. The critical missing link has been the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing. Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary discharge from the thalamus that targets the frontal cortex. In the thalamus, neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus relay a corollary discharge of saccades from the midbrain superior colliculus to the cortical frontal eye field. In the frontal eye field, neurons use corollary discharge to shift their visual receptive fields spatially before saccades. We tested the hypothesis that these two components-a pathway for corollary discharge and neurons with shifting receptive fields-form a circuit in which the corollary discharge drives the shift. First we showed that the known spatial and temporal properties of the corollary discharge predict the dynamic changes in spatial visual processing of cortical neurons when saccades are made. Then we moved from this correlation to causation by isolating single cortical neurons and showing that their spatial visual processing is impaired when corollary discharge from the thalamus is interrupted. Thus the visual processing of frontal neurons is spatiotemporally matched with, and functionally dependent on, corollary discharge input from the thalamus. These experiments establish the first link between corollary discharge and visual processing, delineate a brain circuit that is well suited for mediating visual stability, and provide a framework for studying corollary discharge in other sensory systems.     

Vernier acuity of neurones in cat visual cortex

The ability of human observers to detect Vernier breaks of as little as 5 s arc has been termed hyperacuity as this distance is substantially less than the angular separation of the bars of the highest spatial frequency of grating (approximately 1 arc min) that can be detected. Although the visual cortex is a likely candidate for the location of detectors involved in this performance, it is not known whether there are cells sensitive enough to detect deviations from co-linearity that are small compared with their spatial resolution (defined in terms of the highest spatial frequency that the cell can detect). We report here the results of physiological experiments on single units in area 17 of the cat visual cortex in which we studied the effect of introducing a Vernier break into a bar stimulus moved across the receptive field of the cell at a constant velocity. Our results show that the responses of most simple and complex cells are significantly reduced by the introduction of a Vernier break that is substantially smaller than the spatial resolution of the cell. The most sensitive cells in our sample could discriminate Vernier offsets of 3-6 arc min with a reliability of approximately 70%. This was much smaller than their spatial resolution, which was in the range 25-30 arc min. We interpret these results in terms of mechanisms that could underly the orientation selectivity of cortical neurones and suggest how our results relate to human Vernier acuity.     

文献信息处理的一些技术探讨

文献信息处理技术发展很快,许多研究难点的存在给计算机应用增加了困难[1-6].本文的工作有三部分:第一部分设计了汉语文摘生成处理的一个方法; 二部分初步探讨了新闻推荐技术;第三部分在分析相关概念与困难的基础上,提出一种文献相似判定的方法与算法,讨论了这一难点问题的研究思路及其应用.初步的测试表明,该方法具有较高的效率.     

Morphology and intracortical projections of functionally characterised neurones in the cat visual cortex

The neuronal structure and connectivity underlying receptive field organisation of cells in the cat visual cortex have been investigated. Intracellular recordings were made using a micropipette filled with a histochemical marker, which was injected into the cells after their receptive fields had been characterised. This allowed visualisation of the dendritic and axonal arborisations of functionally identified neurones.     

基于VB的GIS开发

GIS是融合计算机图形和数据库于一体的高新技术,它把地理位置和相关属性有机地结合起来,满足城市建设、企业管理对空间信息的要求。研究是以GIS技术在国内不同领域得到广泛应用并取得良好效果作为前提和背景。以VB作为集成开发环境,简述了基于VB的GIS开发的可行性和优越性。着重阐述了基于VB的地理信息系统开发方法。     

Serial and parallel processing of visual feature conjunctions

Treisman and others have reported that the visual search for a target distinguished along a single stimulus dimension (for example, colour or shape) is conducted in parallel, whereas the search for an item defined by the conjunction of two stimulus dimensions is conducted serially. For a single dimension the target 'pops out' and the search time is independent of the number of irrelevant items in the set. For conjunctions, the search time increases as the set becomes larger. Thus, it seems that the visual system is incapable of conducting a parallel search over two stimulus dimensions simultaneously. Here we extend this conclusion for the conjunction of motion and colour, showing that it requires a serial search. We also report two exceptions: if one of the dimensions in a conjunctive search is stereoscopic disparity, a second dimension of either colour or motion can be searched in parallel.     

Parallel processing of motion and colour information

When the two eyes are confronted with sufficiently different versions of the visual environment, one or the other eye dominates perception in alternation. A similar situation may be created in the laboratory by presenting images to the left and right eyes which differ in orientation or colour. Although perception is dominated by one eye during rivalry, there are a number of instances in which visual processes nevertheless continue to integrate information from the suppressed eye. For example the interocular transfer of the motion after-effect is undiminished when induced during binocular rivalry. Thus motion information processing may occur in parallel with the rivalry process. Here we describe a novel example in which the visual system simultaneously exhibits binocular rivalry and vision that integrates signals from both eyes. This apparent contradiction is resolved by postulating parallel visual processes devoted to the analyses of colour and motion information. Counterphased gratings are viewed dichoptically such that for one eye the grating is composed of alternating yellow and black stripes (luminance) while for the other it is composed of alternating red and green stripes (chrominance). When the gratings are fused, a moving grating is perceived. A consistent direction of motion can only be achieved if left and right monocular signals are integrated by the nervous system. Yet the apparent colour of the binocular percept alternates between red-green and yellow-black. These observations demonstrate the segregation of processing by the early motion system from that affording the perception of colour. Although, in this stimulus, colour information in itself can play no part in the cyclopean perception of motion direction, colour is carried along perceptually (filled in) by the moving pattern which is integrated from both eyes.     

Adaptive coding of visual information in neural populations

Our perception of the environment relies on the capacity of neural networks to adapt rapidly to changes in incoming stimuli. It is increasingly being realized that the neural code is adaptive, that is, sensory neurons change their responses and selectivity in a dynamic manner to match the changes in input stimuli. Understanding how rapid exposure, or adaptation, to a stimulus of fixed structure changes information processing by cortical networks is essential for understanding the relationship between sensory coding and behaviour. Physiological investigations of adaptation have contributed greatly to our understanding of how individual sensory neurons change their responses to influence stimulus coding, yet whether and how adaptation affects information coding in neural populations is unknown. Here we examine how brief adaptation (on the timescale of visual fixation) influences the structure of interneuronal correlations and the accuracy of population coding in the macaque (Macaca mulatta) primary visual cortex (V1). We find that brief adaptation to a stimulus of fixed structure reorganizes the distribution of correlations across the entire network by selectively reducing their mean and variability. The post-adaptation changes in neuronal correlations are associated with specific, stimulus-dependent changes in the efficiency of the population code, and are consistent with changes in perceptual performance after adaptation. Our results have implications beyond the predictions of current theories of sensory coding, suggesting that brief adaptation improves the accuracy of population coding to optimize neuronal performance during natural viewing.     

MapInfo中信息可视化技术在工程勘察中的应用

针对常规的工程勘察制图软件在实际应用中的灵活性与所能包含的信息量方面存在缺陷的问题。将MapInfo中的信息可视化技术引入到工程勘察的信息处理中。不仅能实现对空间和属性数据进行管理,而且能以可视化的图表、地图及相关曲线显示数据。通过对信息可视化技术的需求分析。提出了信息可视化的实现途径。通过运用MapInfo的OLE(Object Linding and Embedding)Automation技术实现了H市工程勘察信息系统资料的可视化,克服了常规软件的局限性。同时,还为工程勘察资料的整理提供了新的方法。     

基于网格的医疗信息集成及图像处理应用

针对目前医院信息系统中存在的信息孤岛现象,提出了基于网格技术和网格工具的解决方案,研发了基于中国网格公共支撑平台(CGSP)的医学图像网格平台MedImGrid,互连各种异构医疗资源,有效整合分布在各家医院和医疗研究机构的大量医疗数据与信息,实现了对异构医疗信息、病例图片、医学专家知识等信息资源的共享和集成,为用户提供广域范围内的医疗信息查询和病例图片检索,并支持基于断层图片的三维重建、基于特征值的图像检索与辅助诊断等医学图像处理应用.     

信息处理用彝文分词规范研究

自动分词是彝文信息处理领域的一项基础性课题.词类的划分标准是正确切分词乃至以后的词性标注、文字识别、文本校对、机器翻译、篇章理解、自动文摘、文本校对、自动标引等彝文信息处理研究的必要条件.本文首先首先阐述了研究彝文分词规范的必要性和重要意义; 然后提出了彝文分词规范的基本原则; 讨论了研制彝文分词规范中存在的一些问题.     

Perceptual consequences of centre-surround antagonism in visual motion processing

Centre-surround receptive field organization is a ubiquitous property in mammalian visual systems, presumably tailored for extracting image features that are differentially distributed over space. In visual motion, this is evident as antagonistic interactions between centre and surround regions of the receptive fields of many direction-selective neurons in visual cortex. In a series of psychophysical experiments we make the counterintuitive observation that increasing the size of a high-contrast moving pattern renders its direction of motion more difficult to perceive and reduces its effectiveness as an adaptation stimulus. We propose that this is a perceptual correlate of centre-surround antagonism, possibly within a population of neurons in the middle temporal visual area. The spatial antagonism of motion signals observed at high contrast gives way to spatial summation as contrast decreases. Evidently, integration of motion signals over space depends crucially on the visibility of those signals, thereby allowing the visual system to register motion information efficiently and adaptively.     

Quantum information processing with atoms and photons

Quantum information processors exploit the quantum features of superposition and entanglement for applications not possible in classical devices, offering the potential for significant improvements in the communication and processing of information. Experimental realization of large-scale quantum information processors remains a long-term vision, as the required nearly pure quantum behaviour is observed only in exotic hardware such as individual laser-cooled atoms and isolated photons. But recent theoretical and experimental advances suggest that cold atoms and individual photons may lead the way towards bigger and better quantum information processors, effectively building mesoscopic versions of 'Schr?dinger's cat' from the bottom up.     

量子信息处理中Pauli矩阵的应用

以Pauli矩阵为工具,讨论量子比特（Qubit）与量子逻辑门,Hadamard门,量子受控非门等）的有关性质.