基于Lyapunov优化的联邦学习客户端选择方法

联邦学习是一种可用于解决数据孤岛问题的分布式机器学习框架。在联邦学习过程中，客户端选择方案会对收敛速度和全局模型的精度产生重要影响。然而，现有的多数方案通常忽略客户端之间的资源异构和随时间不断变化的信道条件，使联邦学习算法最终性能较低。针对该问题，提出了一种基于Lyapunov优化的联邦学习客户端选择算法(Federated learning client selection based on Lyapunov optimization, FedLcs)。算法设计了一种基于客户端信道条件、资源状态和对全局模型的贡献度的选择权重方法，并将客户端选择过程建模为一个Lyapunov优化问题，在不延长运行时间的同时，优化联邦学习全局模型精度。仿真实验表明，与其他2种客户端选择算法相比，所提算法能够适应不断变化的网络环境，显著提高模型准确率，加快收敛速度并使收敛过程更稳定。     

一种新的全局优化搜索算法——人口迁移算法(I)

对函数全局优化和人口迁移的比较研究表明，两者存在相似之处。文中通过模拟人口迁移机制建立了一种新的全局优化搜索算法－人口迁移算法（PMA）。它模拟了人口随经济重心而转移、随人口压力增加而扩散物机制，前者促使算法选择较好的区域搜索，后者可在一定程度上避免陷入局部最优点。数值实验表明了PMA的全局优化能力。     

Ad Hoc网络中基于蚁群优化的路由选择算法

为了降低Ad Hoc网络拥塞程度，减少节点能量消耗，将蚁群优化算法应用于改进Ad Hoc网络的路由选择问题上，提出一种在Ad Hoc网络中基于网络有限带宽和剩余能量信息的路由选择算法。根据蚁群优化算法中的信息素浓度对路由选择进行调整，使路由选择实现分布式全局优化。仿真结果表明，     

基于全局和声搜索算法的特征基因选择方法

鉴于DNA微阵列数据中无关基因和冗余基因对分类精度和效率的影响,提出一种基于全局和声搜索的特征基因选择方法,首先采用ReliefF算法对微阵列基因数据集排序,取排序靠前的N个基因构成初选基因子集,然后利用全局和声搜索算法选择特征基因.两个公共微阵列数据集上的仿真实验表明,该算法全局搜索能力强,分类精度高,能够有效地剔除噪声和冗余基因,是一种有效的特征基因选择算法.     

基于约束Laplacian分值的半监督特征选择算法

针对Laplacian分值法进行特征选择时过分依赖样本局部结构信息的不足，提出一种改进的基于约束Laplacian分值的半监督特征选择算法。该算法利用样本之间的cannot-link成对约束关系作为全局结构信息，在进行特征选择时，不仅能尽量保持局部结构信息，而且还尽量保持了全局的cannot-link约束关系。基于Yale和PIE(Fave pose,Illamination,Expression dadbase)人脸数据库的实验表明，该算法性能显著优于Laplacian分值法，与Fisher分值法和最新的约束分值法相当，且在稳定性方面优于后者。     

基于全局搜索策略的神经网络动态建模分析

介绍一种基于全局搜索策略的神经网络学习算法，并对该算法的学习性能进行比较和分析，关于建模过程中网络结构的选择与延迟数识别等方面也做了讨论与分析，给出相应的仿真结果。     

求解约束优化问题的一种新的进化算法

分析了现有的约束优化进化算法的一些不足之处，提出了一种处理约束优化问题的新算法。新算法将多目标优化思想与全局搜索和局部搜索机制有机地结合起来；在全局搜索过程中，作为一种小生态遗传算法，排挤操作利用Pareto优劣关系比较个体并接受具有相似性的父代个体和予代个体中的优胜者；在局部搜索过程中，首先对局部群体中的个体赋予Pareto强度，然后根据Pareto强度选择个体。通过一个复杂高维多峰测试函数验证了新算法的有效性。     

基于自适应选择算子遗传算法的TSP问题优化

轮盘选择方式往往能保证算法的全局收敛性,但收敛速度较慢,而锦标赛选择方式收敛速度优于轮盘选择方式,但不能保证算法的全局收敛性．选用轮盘选择和锦标赛选择相结合自适应选择算子的遗传算法。并优化TSP问题求解,则可以调整收敛速度,避免被动式搜索．     

演化算法行为分析——基于全局随机搜索的理论刻划

根据候选解空间上抽样分布的构造和计算来描述演化算法的行为，抽样分布的迭代构造是利用基于代（ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ）方法的全局解机搜索思想来刻划，在这种框架下，比例选择看成是全局随机搜索算子，复合看成是开发候选解相似性的搜索过程，研究表明：适当地限制复合算子的搜索宽度，能够保证演化算法弱收敛到全局最优解。     

分布式环境下全局模糊频繁项目集的快速挖掘

为了解决模糊关联规则挖掘算法需要用户事先给定模糊集和相应隶属度函数的问题，提出基于分布式聚类自动生成模糊集及隶属度函数的算法GFAM．该算法利用分布式K—Means聚类算法对每个数值型属性进行聚类，求得聚类中心，由此构造全局模糊集，定义全局隶属度函数．DFAR算法根据构造的全局模糊集及隶属度函数进行分布式模糊频繁项目集的快速挖掘，采用全局一局部站点模式，其中包括局部模糊频繁项目集产生算法FLF和全局模糊频繁项目集产生算法FGF．实验结果表明，该算法能准确地生成全局模糊频繁项目集，在求解全局模糊频繁项目集过程中，传送局部模糊候选项目集支持数的通信量为O（n），提高了算法的挖掘效率．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with