磷酸钴铵的合成及热分解动力学研究

以CoCl2.6H2O和(NH4)3PO4.3H2O为原料,在适量表面活性剂聚乙二醇-400的存在下,先在室温下研磨反应混合物进行固相反应,然后将反应混合物在80℃下保温陈化4h,接着用水洗去混合物中可溶性的无机盐,然后在110℃下烘干2h,得到(NH4)3CoPO4.H2O晶体材料。用XRD,IR,SEM及TG/DTA对产物进行表征。采用热重差热法(TG/DTA)分析研究该产物的热分解过程。结果表明,(NH4)3CoPO4.H2O在105～800℃有2个显著的失重平台,这2个失重过程机理函数所对应的活化能、频率因子(LnA)及热分解机理机理函数分别为:(a)E=97.83kJ/mol,lnA=23.26s-1,[ln(1-a)];(b)E=87.36kJ/mol,lnA=15.60s-1,1-(1-a)1/2。     

1-对氯苯氧基乙酰基-3,5二取代物的合成研究

于固─液相转移催化条件下,以PEG─400为催化剂,通过对氯苯酚与氯乙酸乙酯反应合成了对氯苯氧基乙酸乙酯（Ⅰ）．（Ⅰ）与85％的NH2NH2·H2O作用便得相应的酰肼（Ⅱ）．（Ⅱ）分别与乙酰雨酮和乙酰乙酸乙酯反应,便得到1-对氯苯氧基乙酰基-3,5-二甲基吡唑（Ⅲ）和1-对氯苯氧基乙酰基-3-甲基吡唑啉-5-酮（Ⅳ）．     

水合磷酸钴铵晶体材料的低热固相法合成及表征

以CoCl2.6H2O和(NH4)3PO4.3H2O为原料,在适量表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG-400)的存在下,在室温(R.T.)研磨反应混合物进行固相反应,将反应混合物在不同的温度(80℃,60℃,R.T.)保温陈化4 h,用水洗去混合物中可溶性的无机盐,在110℃下烘干2 h,得到一水合磷酸钴铵晶体材料。用XRD,IR,SEM及TG/DTA对产物进行了表征。结果表明,3种不同保温温度均得到具有正交晶系物相,空间群为Pmn21(31)的片状(NH4)3CoPO4.H2O晶体材料。     

一种新的含有低价态钼磷酸盐{P4Mov6}建筑单元超分子化合物的溶剂热合成和晶体结构

通过水热合成法合成了一个新的夹心型钼磷酸基“三明治”状有机一无机杂化化合物[C3N2H5]2[C7NH10]2{MnFMo8O12（OH）°（PO4）（H2PO4）3]2}[C5NH5]4·2H2O（化合物1）,并对其进行元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析和X射线单晶衍射表征。单晶结构解析表明,该化合物属于正交晶系,Pbca空间群,晶胞参数a=1．69774（17）nm,b=2．0438（2）nm,c-2．5047（3）nm,a-90°,B=90°,y=90°,V=8．6908（15）nm3,Z=4。化合物1中的夹心结构阴离子是由2个{MnEM06O12（0H）3（PO4）（H2PO4）3]2}建筑单元通过1个八面体配位的金属Mn2＋离子键连形成。化合物[C3N2H5]2[C1NH10]2{MnEMo6O12（OH）3（PO4）（H2PO4）3]2}[GNH5]4·2H2O中,具有夹心结构的Mn（P4Mo6）2与质子化的咪唑、N-乙基吡啶、吡啶及水分子通过氢键连接形成超分子化合物。室温固态荧光光谱分析表明,该化合物在437nm处具有较强的荧光发射。化合物1的合成表明溶剂在多金属氧酸盐的合成中起到了重要的作用。     

沉淀法制备FePO4的形貌控制

分别以FeCl3·6H2O,FeSO4·7H2O和Fe（NO3）3·9H20为铁源,NH4H2PO4,H3PO4和（NH4）3PO4·3H2O为磷源,用沉淀法制备了FePO4．研究了沉淀过程中原料、pH值以及表面活性剂对FePO4形貌的影响．采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分别对样品的物相、形貌进行表征．研究结果表明,FePO4的形貌控制可以通过铁源、磷源、表面活性剂的选择和pH值等的控制来实现．H3PO4为磷源,以FeCl3·6H2O为铁源,当pH〈l时,制备的样品为均匀的铁皮石斛形,加入PEG后为自组装的圆片状,当pH〉1时,形貌为鸟巢形;以FeSO4·7H2O为铁源制备的样品形貌也以鸟巢形为主;以Fe（NO3）3·9H2O为铁源制备的样品表现为花状;以FeCl4·6H2O为铁源、（NH4）3PO4·3H2O为磷源制备的样品为不规则的片状;以FeSO4·7H2O为铁源、NH4H2PO4为磷源时制备的样品为类球形．表面活性剂及其用量在一定程度上有助于片状FePO4的制备．     

具有有序金属位NH4[Ni(H2O)2Al2(PO4)3]微孔材料的合成与结构

用哌嗪和丙胺作模板剂在水热条件下合成了微孔材料NH4[Ni(H2O)2Al2(PO4)3];单晶解析表明该结构与以往的金属磷酸铝大有不同,结构中的镍原子是八配位的,且与铝的位置区别明显;单晶结构数据,元素分析,拉曼光谱表明NH4[Ni(H2O)2Al2(PO4)3]材料的八元环孔道中只含有NH4 离子;热重分析和焙烧后的XRD图谱显示,该材料在350℃和空气条件下焙烧2 h,仍然保持其原来的骨架结构;若焙烧温度为550℃,则结构被破坏.     

常压下新型季铵离子液体密度-温度特性及关联

采用振动管密度计测定了常压下[（CH3CH2）2NH2][HSO4]和[（CH3CH2）,NH][HSO4]两种离子液体在熔点以上温度时,每相间0．5℃的密度数据．系统温度的控制精度为±0．01℃,密度的测量精度为±1×10^-5g·cm-3．利用测量密度与对应温度的实验数据．用最小二乘法拟合2种不同的密度方程,给出了密度-温度函数的对应参数．对比得出密度与温度间的适宜函数关系,与实验数据吻合较好．用适宜函数计算[（CH3CH2）2NH2][HSO4]和[（CH3CH2）3NH][HSO4]的密度的平均绝对偏差、最大绝对偏差分别为0．003％、0．001％和0．008％、0．02％,可为离子液体在工程应用中提供基础数据．     

纳米MoS?制备及MoS2/Al的I-V性能研究

本论文用前驱体分解法制备纳米MoS2微粒,并且以铝片为基底制备了MoS2/Al薄膜,对MoS2/Al薄膜的I-V性能进行了研究。结果表明：以(NH4)6Mo7O24?4H2O和 (NH4)2S为原料,在60℃氨水溶液中合成了具有金属光泽的斜方晶系（NH4）2MoS4;(NH4)2MoS4在80℃水中分解4h制备得到粒径约100nm-200nm的纳米MoS2微粒,团聚严重;以热浸镀法制备的MoS2/Al涂层薄膜经过30min、40min、60min退火处理的样品的I-V曲线均具有良好的半导体性能。     

培养条件对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

对杏鲍菇菌丝生长所需的碳源、氮源和无机盐进行了优化实验。结果表明：杏鲍菇菌丝生长的最佳碳源为玉米粉，最佳氮源为NH4Cl，最适无机盐为KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O。并且通过L9（3^4）iE交实验得出在碳源、氮源和无机盐（KH2PO4和MgSO4·7H2O）这4个主要因素中，对菌丝生长影响最大的是碳源，氮源次之，无机盐影响最小；最佳组合为玉米粉5％，NH4C10．3％，KH2PO40．05％，MgSO4·7H2O0．15％。     

柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法合成Li3-2xZnxPO4及其离子导电性

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶－凝胶法制备了组成为Li3-2xZnxPO4(x=0.1-0.5)的固体粉末和饱结体,对其相结构的研究结果表明,当x=0.1-0.4时,烧结体是由γI-Li3PO4和α-Li4Zn(PO4)2两相构成的混合相,而x=0.5时,烧结体的相组成为α-Li4Zn(PO4)2单相,用这种合成方法得到样品的合成温度较传统的固相合成降低了约400℃,用交流阻抗技术测定了烧结体的导电性,随着组成的不同,样品显示不同程度的导电性,当x=0.5,相结构为α-Li4Zn(PO4)2时,样品具有最高的导电性,25℃时σ=1.66μS/cm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the