Mg~(2+)诱导丙氨酸质子迁移机理的理论研究

采用M06/6-31++G**方法研究了Mg~(2+)诱导丙氨酸质子迁移机理,得到8个稳定构型和7个过渡态.最稳定构型Ⅰ是两性的,结合能为-687.0kJ·mol-1;其余7个是中性的.分子内单键旋转和羧基O原子间的质子迁移导致中性构型间的转化.C—C键旋转的能垒低于16.0kJ·mol-1;C—O键旋转的能垒低于60.0kJ·mol-1;质子在羧基O原子间迁移能垒高于105.6kJ·mol-1.质子从羧基迁移到氨基导致中性构型转化为两性构型,能垒为0.2kJ·mol-1.最稳定中性构型Ⅱ转化为两性构型Ⅰ的路径为:Ⅱ→Ⅱ-Ⅲ→Ⅲ→Ⅲ-Ⅶ→Ⅶ→Ⅵ-Ⅶ→Ⅵ→Ⅵ-Ⅷ→Ⅷ→Ⅴ-Ⅷ→Ⅴ→Ⅰ-Ⅴ→Ⅰ.     

Zn2+诱导甘氨酸α-H和羧基H迁移的机理

采用B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)方法研究Zn2+对甘氨酸的作用机理.优化得到了8个中性复合体和3个两性复合体;最稳定的是两性的,结合能为863.28kJ/mol.分子内单键旋转导致中性构型转化;C—C和C—O键旋转的能垒范围分别为2.43～24.56和24.94～60.21kJ/mol.Zn2+导致甘氨酸的电子云向Zn2+偏移,活化了迁移质子所在的化学键.Zn2+既能诱导羧基H原子迁移到氨基上形成两性离子,又能诱导α-H迁移到Zn2+上形成两性离子,两过程都是无垒的.α-H迁移后甘氨酸形成离域π键,并且α-C带0.20正电荷,体系既可以发生加成反应,又可以发生亲核取代反应,甘氨酸的生物化学性质发生了重大变化;这一发现对生理学和病理学具有指导意义.最稳定中性构型Ⅱ转化为最稳定两性构型Ⅰ的路径为:Ⅱ→Ⅱ-Ⅳ→Ⅳ→Ⅳ-Ⅷ→Ⅷ→Ⅶ-Ⅷ→Ⅶ→Ⅰ-Ⅶ→Ⅰ,该路径最高能垒为213.84kJ/mol.     

裂解催化剂和自由基引发剂对兖州煤加氢液化的影响

在快速升温和冷却共振搅拌反应釜中,用Y分子筛(Ⅰ)、丝光沸石(Ⅱ)、ZSM-5(Ⅲ)和Ni-Mo(3673)等为裂解与加氢催化剂,以及两种性能复合的催化剂(Ⅳ),对兖州煤的加氢液化进行了考察,发现在四氢萘溶剂中,裂解催化剂显示了较高的活性,用Ⅱ和Ⅲ时的转化率均为88%左右;Ⅳ有较好油气选择性;在脱晶蒽油溶剂(Ⅴ)中,Ⅳ的活性最高。提高温度及压力,均能提高转化率,当温度从410℃上升到430℃时,Ⅰ的催化转化率增加12%,油气产率增加20%。添加FeSO_4能改变液化产品的分布。添加少量的自由基引发剂(苯基苄基醚、偶氮二异丁腈等)(Ⅵ),能提高转化率,在Ⅴ中转化率增加6—9%;油气产率增加6—13%;Ⅵ和Ⅳ的协同作用最佳。     

阶段用药抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的效力

将 70只 10日龄公雏随机分成 7组 ,每组 10只。Ⅰ组为不感染不给药组 ,Ⅱ组为感染不给药组 ,Ⅲ组为中药 (5 g/kg饲料 )组 ,Ⅳ组为地克珠利 (1mg/kg饲料 )组 ,Ⅴ组为马杜拉霉素 (5mg/kg饲料 )组 ,Ⅵ组为阶段性运用地克珠利和中药组 ,Ⅶ组为阶段性运用马杜拉霉素和中药组。除Ⅰ组的鸡只外 ,其余全部试验鸡每只经嗉囊接种孢子化柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊 1 5× 10 5个。试验结果表明 :抗球虫指数 (ACI)由高到低依次为Ⅰ→Ⅵ→Ⅶ→Ⅳ→Ⅴ→Ⅲ→Ⅱ ,增重由大到小依次为Ⅰ→Ⅵ→Ⅶ→Ⅳ→Ⅲ→Ⅴ→Ⅱ ,表明阶段应用西药和中药预防球虫病不仅效果好 ,且能促进雏鸡生长 ,其中以阶段性运用地克珠利和中药组最好     

正离子自由基的化学.Ⅳ芳胺-溴-电荷转移络合物的制备及其对烯烃聚合的影响

本文研究几种芳胺如4,4′-双(二甲氨基)二苯甲烷(Ⅰ)、N、N′-二正丁基对苯二胺( Ⅱ )、N,N′-二苯基对苯二胺(Ⅲ)、N-苯基-β-萘胺(Ⅳ)吩噻嗪(Ⅴ)在非极性溶剂中同溴反应,均呈色,制得单电子转移络合物(Ⅰ)Br_3,(Ⅱ)Br_2,(Ⅲ)Br_2,(Ⅳ)Br_2以及(Ⅴ)Br_2.这合,但表较稳定.除(Ⅰ)Br_3和(Ⅳ)Br_2外,均有强的 ESR 吸收.这些络合物,不能引发烯烃单体聚些络合物现出一定程度的阻聚性质.     

安顺产半夏化学成分的研究

本文对半夏化学成分进行研究.采用乙醇溶剂提取和硅胶柱层析分离,经过光谱分析鉴定其结构.分离,鉴定了7个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ)、琥珀酸(Ⅲ)、4-氨基丁酸(Ⅳ)、丙氨酸(Ⅴ)、棕榈酸(Ⅵ)、棕榈酰胺(Ⅶ).其中Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ首次从该植物中分离得到.     

湘西北小流域植被恢复综合效应评价

从土壤-植被系统(SVS)尺度研究评价了湘西北女儿寨小流域马尾松天然林(Ⅰ)、杉木人工林(Ⅱ)、杜仲人工林(Ⅲ)、油桐人工林(Ⅳ)、润楠次生林(Ⅴ)、毛竹杉木混交林(Ⅵ)及荒草灌丛(Ⅶ)等7种典型植被模式的综合恢复效应。研究表明:建立了涵盖植被、土壤及地形地貌3类因子60个指标的植被恢复综合效应评价体系;不同模式植被恢复效应总体以润楠次生林最优,荒草灌丛最差,植被子系统、土壤子系统和土壤-植被系统恢复效应灰色关联排序由大到小依次分别为Ⅴ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅲ、Ⅶ,Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅰ和Ⅴ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅲ、Ⅶ;评价指标关联排序表明,Shannon-Weiner指数、毛管孔隙度、有机质、蔗糖酶活性分别是植被、土壤物理、土壤化学、土壤生物学指标中与土壤健康关系最密切的4个指标;地形因子对恢复效应的贡献大小排序为坡位、海拔、坡度、坡向。     

氧化受损甘氨酸分子内质子迁移的机理

采用M06,B3LYP和CCSD方法,在6-31++G**基组水平研究了氧化受损甘氨酸分子的构象异构化机理,探讨了甘氨酸氧化受损后的性质变化和溶剂化效应.找到7个甘氨酸阳离子稳定构型和9个过渡态,发现甘氨酸阳离子构象异构化过程存在质子迁移反应,质子从羧基迁移到氨基的能垒为15.2kJ/mol,从α-C迁移到羰基O的能垒为138.6kJ/mol;最稳定甘氨酸构象失去一个电子的垂直电离势为878.0kJ/mol;N5原子失电子最多(超过0.4),其他各原子失去电荷不多(均低于0.1);电荷变化导致迁移质子所在化学键显著被削弱.溶剂化效应能显著增高质子迁移反应能垒.     

两种最稳定构型色氨酸分子手性转变的反应机理及水溶剂化效应

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法及自洽反应场(SCRF)理论的SMD模型方法,研究两种最稳定构型色氨酸分子手性转变的反应机理及水溶剂化效应.结果表明:两种构型的色氨酸分子均有3条手性转变通道a,b,c;构型1的主反应通道为通道a,决速步骤自由能垒为256.7kJ/mol,构型2的主反应通道为通道a和c,决速步骤自由能垒分别为258.8,256.7kJ/mol,决速步骤能垒均来自于质子从手性C向氨基N迁移的过渡态;水溶剂效应使构型1的主反应通道决速步骤能垒降至113.4kJ/mol;单体色氨酸分子具有稳定性,水溶剂环境下色氨酸分子的手性转变可以缓慢进行.     

甲醇溶剂环境下两种稳定构象α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法和自洽反应场(SCRF)理论的smd模型方法,研究了标题反应.势能面计算表明:标题反应的决速步骤均为第2基元反应,决速步能垒来自于质子从手性碳向氨基氮转移的过渡态.甲醇溶剂环境下构象1和2手性转变决速步的吉布斯自由能垒分别为109.8 kJ·mol~(-1)和111.0 kJ·mol~(-1),比气相甲醇环境下的决速步能垒134.2 kJ·mol~(-1)和130.8 kJ·mol~(-1)均有明显降低,比水环境下的决速步能垒122.5 kJ·mol~(-1)也明显降低,比裸环境下的决速步能垒266.1 kJ·mol~(-1)大幅降低,比限域在SWBNNT(5,5)内的决速步能垒为201.1 kJ·mol~(-1)也显著降低.结果表明:甲醇分子簇对α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变具有明显的催化作用,甲醇溶剂效应对质子从手性碳向氨基氮的转移反应具有较好的助催化作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the