电压区间对LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/MCMB全电池性能的影响

以LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂（NCM811）为正极、中间相碳微球（MCMB）为负极构建锂离子全电池,研究了充放电电压区间对NCM811/MCMB全电池电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明：以4.3 V为充电截止电压,降低放电截止电压可提高全电池的容量,但高放电截止电压下全电池的循环性能更加稳定;在2.8~4.3 V电压区间下,NCM811/MCMB全电池不但具有高的比容量,同时还具有良好的循环性能和充放电可逆性。     

颗粒微观结构对LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料电性能的影响研究

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂（简称NCM811）能量密度高,有望满足电动汽车长续航里程要求,近年来成为业内关注和研究的焦点。然而,NCM811存在表面碱度高,稳定性差,长循环下颗粒容易碎裂和粉化等问题,阻碍了其大规模应用。本文将三元材料进行单晶化研究,即将二次球颗粒熔融形成单晶颗粒,以期解决三元材料结构和表面稳定性差等问题,并探索在高电压体系使用可行性。实验结果表明,将锂与过渡金属配比设为1.05,在910°C下烧结12 h,可得到形貌较好的单晶NCM811材料,此时材料表面碱度和晶格Ni/Li阳离子混排度均较低,分别为0.288wt%和2.24%。电性能评估结果显示,该材料在3.0–4.3 V下克容量可达191.5mAh/g,同时高温和高电压下循环稳定性得到明显提升,在高温50°C下,3.0–4.4V电压区间内循环100周,容量保持率可达95.1%,而二次颗粒材料仅为88.5%。相比二次颗粒,单晶形态的NCM811材料虽然倍率性能会稍有下降,但结构和表面稳定性更佳,在高电压高能量密度体系具有较好的应用前景。     

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的表面修饰及性能

锂离子电池正极材料和电解液之间的恶性相互作用引起正极材料和电池性能的劣化。将LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,LiOH*H2O和H3BO3以摩尔比100∶1∶2均匀混合,500℃热处理10h,在LiNi0.8Co0.2O2表面包覆上一层Li2O-2B2O3玻璃层。用X光电子能谱、扫描电镜和X光衍射分析对包覆前后LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的结构进行了表征。结果表明,表面修饰有效地抑制了LiNi0.8Co0.2O2和电解液之间的恶性相互作用,材料的实际比容量提高,充放电循环稳定性改善,自放电速率减小。表面修饰处理是改善锂离子电池正极材料综合性能的有效途径。     

高密度球形LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的制备及性能

采用控制结晶法合成球形β-Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2，与LiOH     

Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co（1/3-x/3）Mn1/3Cex/3O2 cathode materials for use in lithium ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and Ce-doped LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and solid phase synthesis and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results indicated that the resultant cathode materials with different Ce content all had a good layer structure and high crystallinity.Electrochemical performance testing of the cathode materials showed that the discharge capacity increased with increasing Ce content while the initial reversible capacity attenuation decreased with Ce doping.When the Ce content of the cathode materials is x=0.2,and the current charge and discharge rate is a constant 0.2 C,the discharge capacity maintained 91% of its initial capacity after cycling 50 times.     

锂离子电池层状结构三元正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2研究进展

 三元层状结构LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂具有较高的可逆容量、结构稳定性、热稳定性和相对较低的成本,成为电动汽车领域最具前景的锂离子电池正极材料之一。综述了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的结构、电化学性能及对其进行性能优化的掺杂、表面包覆和制备特殊纳米结构材料的3 种方法。其中,纳米材料的研究是锂离子电池正极材料的研究热点之一。材料的电化学性能与粒子尺寸、形貌、多孔性、结晶性和比表面积紧密相关。因此,提高正极材料LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的电化学性能时,要充分考虑到这些因素的影响。     

Ca掺杂的对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料及其电化学性能研究

为探讨Ca的掺杂对LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂材料结构和电性能的影响,以草酸为沉淀剂,以不同含量Ca对LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂进行掺杂改性,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）对产品进行表征,探讨了不同Ca含量样品的电化学性能.结果表明：大量Ca掺杂生成明显CaO杂相,而少量Ca掺杂则能顺利进入材料晶格之中.随着Ca掺入,晶体类型不变,但c轴略收缩,形成更紧密的结构. 充放电显示Ca在低倍率(2.5～4.3 V,0.5 C)时,能一定程度提高材料的循环性能;但在高倍率(2.5～4.3 V,5 C)时,能明显提高容量和循环性能.充放电曲线同时显示未掺杂的材料高倍率下极化严重,放电平台严重降低;而Ca掺杂的材料极化状况则不明显,说明Ca掺杂能抑制极化并提高电化学性能.     

Electrochemical performance of a nickel-rich LiNi<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>Co<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> cathode material for lithium-ion batteries under different cut-off voltages

A spherical-like Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2(OH)₂ precursor was tuned homogeneously to synthesize LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. The effects of calcination temperature on the crystal structure, morphology, and the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ were investigated in detail. The as-prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analysis, charge-discharge tests, and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The results show that the spherical-like LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂ material obtained by calcination at 900℃ displayed the most significant layered structure among samples calcined at various temperatures, with a particle size of approximately 10 μm. It delivered an initial discharge capacity of 189.2 mAh·g-1 at 0.2C with a capacity retention of 94.0% after 100 cycles between 2.7 and 4.3 V. The as-prepared cathode material also exhibited good rate performance, with a discharge capacity of 119.6 mAh·g-1 at 5C. Furthermore, within the cut-off voltage ranges from 2.7 to 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5 V, the initial discharge capacities of the calcined samples were 170.7, 180.9, and 192.8 mAh·g-1, respectively, at a rate of 1C. The corresponding retentions were 86.8%, 80.3%, and 74.4% after 200 cycles, respectively.     

Synthesis and modification of well-ordered layered cathode oxide LiNi<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Oxalic-acid-based co-precipitation method was employed to prepare LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ sample with a high-ordered structure. Li⁺, Ni²⁺ and Mn²⁺ acetates were used as starting materials. The influence of the amount of lithium source in the starting materials on Li⁺ content, disorder of Li⁺-Ni²⁺ ions, and electrochemical performance has been investigated. Rietveld refinement shows that the sample prepared with 20% excess Li-source in the starting materials exhibits a perfect ordered structure. A specific discharge capacity is as high as 172 mAh/g at C/20 in the voltage range of 4.35–2.7 V. However, the cyclability is not satisfactory: about 25.3% fade in capacity was observed over 50 cycles. Chemically stable SiO2 was coated on the surface of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles. A significant improvement in cyclability was attained with 3 wt% SiO2 coating, which is ascribable to the protection of LiNi_2/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles from being dissolved into the electrolyte.     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Preparation and radar-absorbing properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/Yb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite powder

Al₂O₃/TiO₂/Fe₂O₃/Yb₂O₃ composite powder was synthesized via the sol-gel method. The structure, morphology, and radar-absorption properties of the composite powder were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and RF impedance analysis. The results show that two types of particles exist in the composite powder. One is irregular flakes (100-200 nm) and the other is spherical Al₂O₃ particles (smaller than 80 nm). Electromagnetic wave attenuation is mostly achieved by dielectric loss. The maximum value of the dissipation factor reaches 0.76 (at 15.68 GHz) in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. The electromagnetic absorption of waves covers 2-18 GHz with the matching thicknesses of 1.5-4.5 mm. The absorption peak shifts to the lower-frequency area with increasing matching thickness. The effective absorption band covers the frequency range of 2.16-9.76 GHz, and the maximum absorption peak reaches -20.18 dB with a matching thickness of 3.5 mm at a frequency of 3.52 GHz.     

La<Subscript>2</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> TBCs toughened by Pt particles prepared by cathode plasma electrolytic deposition

La₂Zr₂O₇ thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with dispersed Pt particles were prepared by cathode plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) with ceramic balls added to the cathode region. Compared with the conventional CPED, when ceramic balls are used in the cathode region, the plasma discharge ignition current density decreases approximately 62-fold and the stable plasma discharges occur at the whole cathode surface. Such TBCs with a thickness of 100 μm exhibit a crack-free surface and are composed of pyrochlore-structured La₂Zr₂O₇. Cyclic oxidation, scratching, and thermal insulation capability tests show that such TBCs not only exhibit high resistance to oxidation and spallation but also provide good thermal insulation. These beneficial effects are attributed to the excellent properties of TBCs, such as good thermal insulation because of low thermal conductivity, high-temperature oxidation resistance because of low-oxygen diffusion rate, and good mechanical properties because of the toughening effect of Pt particles.     

Synthesis of highly ordered SnO2／Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays by electrophoretic deposition method

Highly ordered SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays have been synthesized by electrophoretic deposition method. The morphology and chemical composition of SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowire arrays are characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XRD. The results show that the SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are about 180 nm in width and tens of microns in length, and they are composed of small nanoparticles of tetraganal SnO2 and rhombohedral α-Fe203 with diameters of 10-15nm. The SnO2/Fe2O3 composite nanowires are formed by a series of chemical reactions.     

Effect of Al2O3 and Y2O3 on the corrosion behavior of ZrO2-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method

zirconia-based nanostructured coatings were deposited on AA2024 to improve the corrosion resistance properties. Three different nanostructured coatings, namely, zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole, were applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method using the dip-coating technique. Next, the coatings were annealed at 150℃ after each dipping period. The phases and morphologies of the coatings were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion properties were evaluated using electrochemical methods, including polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. The obtained results confirm the formation of homogeneous and crack free zirconia-benzotriazole-based nanostructured coatings. The average roughness values for zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings were 30, 8, and 6 nm, respectively. The presence of alumina as a stabilizer on zirconia coating was found to have a beneficial impact on the stability of the corrosion resistance for different immersion times. In fact, the addition of alumina resulted in the dominance of the healing behavior in competition with the corrosion process of zirconia-benzotriazole nanostructured coating.     

Static synthesis of high-quality MCM-22 zeolite with high SiO2／Al2O3 ratio

We demonstrate a synthesis method to broaden the range of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (30-100) of high-silica MCM-22 zeolites by prolonging the aging time of the gel before the crystallization. The synthesis conditions such as silica sources, chemical compositions of initial gel and aging time of gel were investigated in detail.High quality MCM-22 products with various morphologies have been synthesized by optimize their synthesis conditions.Our results show that increasing of the aging time can make the gel be homogenization and promote their nucleus formation,which may avoid the formation of impurity phase and thus broaden the range of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio.     

Cu-Zn-Al2O3 nanocomposites:study of microstructure,corrosion,and wear properties

Alumina nanoparticles were added to a Cu-Zn alloy to investigate their effect on the microstructural, tribological, and corrosion properties of the prepared alloys. Alloying was performed using a mixture of copper and zinc powders with 0vol% and 5vol% of α-Al nanopowder in a satellite ball mill. The results showed that the Cu-Zn solid solution formed after 18 h of mechanical alloying. The mechanically alloyed powder was compacted followed by sintering of the obtained green compacts at 750℃ for 30 min. Alumina nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the matrix of the Cu-Zn alloy. The tribological properties were evaluated by pin-on-disk wear tests, which revealed that, upon the addition of alumina nanoparticles, the coefficient of friction and the wear rate were reduced to 20% and 40%, respectively. The corrosion properties of the samples exposed to a 3.5wt% NaCl solution were studied using the immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods, which revealed that the addition of alumina nanoparticles reduced the corrosion current of the nanocomposite by 90%.