TP347H精炼渣二次氧化控制及夹杂物变性处理

研究了采用EF+VOD+IC工艺流程生产TP347H不锈钢时由于精炼渣成分产生的二次氧化及其氧化夹杂物的变性处理过程.试验中VOD精炼过程中采用Al进行终脱氧,降低精炼渣中FeO、SiO2含量,精炼渣四元碱度控制在1.3以上,保证钢中全氧质量分数小于0.003%.脱氧后使用喂Ca-Si线及钢包软吹的精炼手段,可将硬质Al2 O3及MgAl2 O4转变为CaO-Al2 O3夹杂,减少硬质MgAl2 O4夹杂总量并使夹杂物熔点低于1500益.此类夹杂在炼钢温度下呈液态且更易于聚集与上浮,而在后续轧制、锻造过程中低熔点夹杂随基体发生形变,减少钢材裂纹的产生.     

Effects of iron oxide on crystallization behavior and spatial distribution of spinel in stainless steel slag

Chromium plays a vital role in stainless steel due to its ability to improve the corrosion resistance of the latter. However, the release of chromium from stainless steel slag (SSS) during SSS stockpiling causes detrimental environmental issues. To prevent chromium pollution, the effects of iron oxide on crystallization behavior and spatial distribution of spinel were investigated in this work. The results revealed that FeO was more conducive to the growth of spinels compared with Fe₂...     

不锈钢冶炼电炉渣结构性质及浸出行为研究

研究电弧炉(EAF)渣的结构性质及渣中重金属离子的浸出行为.结果表明,EAF渣呈碱性,渣中Fe、Cr和Ni等金属元素主要以金属颗粒、(Cr,Al)2O3和(Fe,Mn,Mg)(Cr,Al)2O4晶体形式存在,具有较高的回收价值;电炉渣中可浸出重金属离子含量未超出国家标准,但存在Cr(III)再氧化为Cr(VI)的可能;Cr(VI)浸出量随浸出时间延长而增加,且Cr(VI)在蒸馏水中的浸出能力较冰醋酸中强.因此,EAF渣应尽量避免堆放或填埋在低pH场所,以防止其中重金属离子浸出.     

316L不锈钢粉末的电子束选区熔化成形

电子束选区熔化技术在人体植入物、航空航天小批量零件的直接快速制造方面具有重要的意义。为此,该文采用自行研制的电子束选区熔化设备,研究了电子束选区熔化316L不锈钢粉末的工艺参数、微观组织及熔化成形机理。结果表明:电子束电流、作用时间和聚焦电流对层间结合情况影响较大,作用时间和填充线间距对可成形性影响较大;当能量密度系数为62.8 GJ/m3、基板厚度为0.5mm时,制备的成形件晶粒细小,组织均匀,无气孔、裂纹及未熔颗粒等缺陷出现。     

不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内钢/渣界面行为模拟及卷渣分析

基于湍流模型与多相流模型的耦合,应用液面追踪技术(VOF),实现了对不锈钢板坯连铸结晶器内流体流动及钢/渣界面行为的模拟计算,并用水模拟结果进行了对比验证,在此基础上计算出实际的钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为.通过分析水口的侧孔形状、出口倾角、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度以及拉速对钢/渣界面特征及界面上钢/渣行为影响规律,指出了钢/渣界面行为与卷渣是密切相关的,进而探讨了钢/渣界面及卷渣形成的机理.     

钢渣体积膨胀行为及改性方法研究进展

钢渣集料物理力学性能与天然碎石相似,然而钢渣集料体积稳定性较差,遇水易发生膨胀,严重制约其在道路工程中的应用。本文首先综述了钢渣集料的物理力学性能和化学组成;分析了诱发钢渣集料体积膨胀的主要因素;介绍了当下抑制钢渣集料体积膨胀的改性方法并总结其优缺点;提出采用钢渣表面改性的方法可增强钢渣表面疏水能力,消除钢渣遇水发生反应的前提条件。由于不同地区钢渣化学成分差异明显,钢渣改性处理工艺相对复杂,应深入研究钢渣表面改性方法,同时兼顾低成本有机改性剂的制备及循环利用,真正实现“低成本,高利用”的目的。     

选择性激光熔化316L不锈钢粉成形优化工艺

针对选择性激光熔化技术加工零件存在的致密度低、成形精度差和表面光洁度低的问题,利用正交实验的方法优化316L不锈钢粉末成形零件的工艺,研究激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距对零件成形致密度的影响,分析了试样的表面形貌。实验结果表明:采用选择性激光熔化工艺的316L不锈钢粉末试样有较高致密度,其试样的致密度达80.1%。工艺优化后的参数为激光功率300 W、扫描速度800 mm/s、扫描间距0.08 mm,并在该组优化参数条件下成功制造零件。     

Anisotropy in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting

The corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of 316 L stainless steel(SS) fabricated via selective laser melting(SLM) were clarified by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, immersion tests, and tensile experiments. The microstructural anisotropy of SLMed 316 L SS was also investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The grain sizes of the SLMed 316 L SS in the XOZ plane were smaller than those of the SLMed 316 L SS in the XOY plane, and a greater number of low-angle boundaries were present in the XOY plane, resulting in lower elongation for the XOY plane than for the XOZ plane. The SLMed 316 L was expected to exhibit higher strength but lower ductility than the wrought 316 L, which was attributed to the high density of dislocations. The pitting potentials of the SLMed 316 L samples were universally higher than those of the wrought sample in chloride solutions because of the annihilation of MnS or(Ca,Al)-oxides during the rapid solidification. However, the molten pool boundaries preferentially dissolved in aggressive solutions and the damage of the SLMed 316 L in FeCl3 solution was more serious after long-term service, indicating poor durability.     

熔渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料侵蚀的热化学模型研究

采用FactSage软件研究1 600 ℃时熔渣对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料侵蚀的热化学模型,并采用静态坩埚试验法,通过SEM、EDS分析手段对热化学模型进行验证.结果表明,熔渣与刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的热化学模型能计算出熔渣与耐火材料反应后界面处出现的物相及其含量,进而能推测渣/耐火材料之间隔离层的形成情况;能预测熔渣成分的变化情况,进而推测出渣层的主要物相;模拟结果与试验结果相吻合.熔渣与骨料和基质分别发生局部反应,在刚玉骨料表面,Al2O3与熔渣中的CaO形成CA6隔离层,使骨料向渣中溶解成为间接溶解;而在基质与渣界面无隔离层形成,使基质向渣中溶解成为直接溶解.     

灰渣组分对灰渣熔点影响的实验研究

采用某医疗废物焚烧炉灰渣,研究添加不同组分物质对其熔点的影响。参考此灰渣比例,以SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、Na2CO3、NaCl和CaO配成模拟灰渣,研究其组分含量变化时熔点的变化情况。结果表明:添加SiO2、Fe2O3、Na2CO3对焚烧炉灰渣和模拟灰渣均具有助熔作用,且前2种物质使熔点降低160℃以上;CaO在焚烧炉灰渣和模拟灰渣中均起到提高熔点的作用。     

Enhanced mechanical properties and formability of 316L stainless steel materials 3D-printed using selective laser melting

This study is conducted to develop an innovative and attractive selective laser melting (SLM) method to produce 316L stainless steel materials with excellent mechanical performance and complex part shape. In this work, the subregional manufacturing strategy, which separates the special parts from the components using an optimized process, was proposed. The results showed that produced 316L materials exhibited superior strength of~755 MPa and good ductility. In the as-built parts, austenite with preferred orientation of the (220) plane, δ-ferrite, and a small amount of CrO phases were present. In addition, the crystal size was fine, which contributed to the enhancement of the parts' mechanical properties. The structural anisotropy mechanism of the materials was also investigated for a group of half-sized samples with variable inclination directions. This technique was used to fabricate a set of impellers with helical bevels and high-precision planetary gears, demonstrating its strong potential for use in practical applications.     

Surface modification of titanium using steel slag ball and shot blasting treatment for biomedical implant applications

Surface modification is often performed using grit or shot blasting treatment for improving the performances of biomedical implants. The effects of blasting treatments using steel slag balls and spherical shots on the surface and subsurface of titanium were studied in this paper. The treatments were conducted for 60–300 s using 2–5 mm steel slag balls and 3.18 mm spherical shots. The surface morphology, roughness, and elemental composition of titanium specimens were examined prior to and after the treatments. Irregular and rough titanium surfaces were formed after the treatment with the steel slag balls instead of the spherical shots. The former treatment also introduced some bioactive elements on the titanium surface, but the latter one yielded a harder surface layer. In conclusion, both steel slag ball and shot blasting treatment have their own specialization in modifying the surface of metallic biomaterials. Steel slag ball blasting is potential for improving the osseointegration quality of implants; but the shot blasting is more appropriate for improving the mechanical properties of temporary and load bearing implants, such as osteosynthesis plates.     

不锈钢吊架主梁结构焊接应力与变形控制工艺研究

该文针对金川公司生产过程中不锈钢结构焊接存在导热率低、热膨胀系数大,焊接过程中产生焊变形和焊接应力的倾向较大现象进行分析,焊接时采取严格工艺措施,能有有效控制焊接变形,减小焊接应力的存在。     

Influence of TiO_2 on the melting property and viscosity of Cr-containing high-Ti melting slag

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag(CaO–SiO_2–MgO–Al_2O_3–TiO_2–Cr_2O_3) with TiO_2 contents ranging from 38.63 wt% to 42.63 wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a meltingpoint apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy(SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO_2 content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO_2 content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO_2 content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO_2.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.     

Top slag refining for inclusion composition transform control in tire cord steel

Controlling conditions for inclusion plasticization were calculated by FactSage, and the steel/slag reaction equilibration time was determined by pre-equilibrium experiments. Laboratory experiments with different top slags were carried out in 90 min, and industrial tests were performed based on the results of calculation and laboratory experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to determine the morphology and composition of inclusions in tire cord steel. It is found that the shape of inclusions can be controlled well, and the composition of inclusions varies in the industrial test as the following transformation route:MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂→CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂→MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂. Inclusion plasticization can be achieved by controlling the binary basicity of top slag (CaO/SiO₂ by mass) around 1.0 and the (Al₂O₃) content in top slag below 10wt%. Under these controlling conditions in the industrial test, almost all of inclusions in the wire rods achieve plastic deformation.     

不锈钢的腐蚀与防腐

一般情况下不锈钢具有较好的耐腐蚀性，但在特殊的操作工况下，此材料不但不能有效的抵抗腐蚀，而且还会出现诸如点蚀、应力腐蚀、晶间腐蚀等现象，而应力腐蚀、晶间腐蚀会给工程带来重大的安全隐患．结合工程实际，分别介绍了以上各种腐蚀的机理及不锈钢在化学介质中的抗腐蚀性，并重点介绍晶间腐蚀产生的原因和防腐措施．     

Cementing properties of steel slag activated by sodium silicates and sodium hydroxide

Steel slag which is mainly composed of γ-Ca₂SiO₄ and other silicates or alumino-silicates is activated by sodium silicates and sodium hydroxide. The powders of such steel slag are usually inert to hydrate and subsequently have very low ability of cementing. But when sodium silicates and sodium hydroxide are used as activators the steel slag shows very good properties of cementing. When activated with NaOH solution the hardened slurry of the steel slag has a compressive strength of 11.13 MPa after being cured for 28 days. When activated with Na₂SiO₃ solution the samples after being cured for 28 days have an average compressive strength of 40.23 MPa. While the steel slag slurry which is only mixed with water has a compressive of 0.88 MPa after being cured for 28 days.     

静态自蔓延法制备不锈钢管陶瓷内衬喷嘴的研究

采用静态自蔓延法制备不锈钢陶瓷内衬喷嘴.探讨了Al-Fe2O3-CrO3燃烧体系的燃烧机理,以及陶瓷相组成与性能的关系,并提出了一种新型添加剂.实验表明：新型添加剂能提高陶瓷层的韧性、表面质量和抗热震性能,产品使用寿命显著提高.     

Gelcasting of 316L stainless steel

A novel near-net process, gelcasting, was successfully used to prepare larger size 316L stainless steel parts with complex shape. In this study, the effects of process parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and the dry green strength were investigated. The results show that gas atomization (GA) powder is more suitable for gelcasting compared with water atomization (WA) powder. The maximum solid loading is 55vo1% for ball-milled slurry with GA powders. And the optimum amounts of monomers (acrylamide (AM)+methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM); the mass ratio, 30:1) and initiator in the AM system are 1.8% (based on the weight of metal powder) and 0.8%-1.4% (based on the weight of monomers), respectively, at which, the maximum green strength obtained is 33.7 MPa. The mechanical properties of the sintered specimen are as follows: ultimate tensile strength, 493 MPa; yield strength, 162 MPa; and HRB, 72.