LaNiO_3缓冲层对Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)TiO_3薄膜微结构和介电性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法,在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si和LaNiO2/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜.采用X-ray衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM),研究了两种衬底上BST薄膜样品的结晶性和表面形貌.结果表明:BST薄膜材料均为钙钛矿相,直接生长在硅衬底上的BST薄膜无择优取向,晶粒尺寸为20～30 nm,而LaNiO2缓冲层上生长的BST薄膜则为(100)择优取向,晶粒尺寸约为150～200 nm.室温下测试了薄膜的介电性能.研究结果表明,LNO缓冲层显著提高了BST薄膜的介电常数和介电可调率.     

(PSTT10/45)4 多层薄膜铁电性研究

以LaNiO3做缓冲层,用射频磁控溅射法在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备出[0.9Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3-0.1PbTiO3/0.55Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3-0.45PbTiO3]4铁电多层薄膜.采用两步法在峰值温度800 ℃对薄膜进行退火.通过x射线衍射分析了薄膜的物相结构,通过电滞回线和漏电流曲线对薄膜的铁电性能进行了测量.研究发现,薄膜展现出高度(100)取向的钙钛矿结构和增强的铁电性,其剩余极化2Pr=26.2 μc/cm2,矫顽场2Ec=53.9 kV/cm,100 kV/cm下漏电流密度为1.87×10-4A/cm2.分析了铁电性增强和漏电流增大的可能原因.     

烘烤温度对LaNiO_3薄膜微结构与电学性能的影响

采用sol-gel技术在单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了LaNiO3导电薄膜.利用X射线粉末衍射、原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和四探针电阻测量法研究了不同烘烤温度对LaNiO3薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌和导电性能的影响.结果表明,LaNiO3薄膜均为赝立方钙钛矿结构,表面致密、均匀,衬底与薄膜间界面清晰.烘烤温度为210℃时,薄膜具有最好的<110>择优取向性.烘烤温度在210℃的薄膜具有最低的电阻率,达到10-4Ω.cm数量级,导电性能最好.     

0.9Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3-0.1PbTiO3/0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.35PbTiO3 多层薄膜的制备及铁电性研究

以LaNiO3做缓冲层,用射频磁控溅射法在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备出0.9Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 -0.1PbTiO3/0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3铁电多层薄膜.采用两步法在峰值温度650℃和700℃对薄膜进行退火.通过电滞回线和漏电流曲线对薄膜的铁电性能进行了测量.研究发现,650 ℃退火的薄膜有较好的铁电性,其剩余极化2Pr=9.5 μc/cm2,矫顽场2Ec=42.2 kV/cm,100 kV/cm场强下漏电流密度为31μA/cm2.700 ℃退火的薄膜铁电性有所下降,2Pr=3.1 μc/cm2,但薄膜却具有很低的矫顽场,2Ec=22.6 kV/cm.分析认为,铁电性的退化与高温下薄膜中异质结间的相互作用及挥发性元素Pb和Mg的损失密切相关.     

集成铁电器件用LaNiO3薄膜电极的结构与电学性能

采用化学溶液沉积法在(100)Si,SiO2/Si,(100)Al2O3,(100)MgO,(100)SrTiO3(STO),(100)ZrO2等衬底上制备了LaNiO3(LNO)薄膜,研究了热处理温度对薄膜结构和电性能的影响.结果显示,衬底种类影响LNO薄膜的结晶,其中STO衬底上的LNO薄膜呈高a轴择优取向成长,且其电阻率最低,为0.87 mΩ.cm.而对于Si衬底上的LNO薄膜,随着热处理温度升高,晶粒尺寸增大,电阻率降低,在750℃时电阻率达到最低值(1.52 mΩ.cm),其后热处理温度的升高导致杂相的形成,电阻率反而上升.扫描电镜观察证实这些LNO薄膜光滑、致密、均匀且无裂纹.结果表明,制得的LNO薄膜可用作集成铁电薄膜器件的底电极.     

PZT薄膜的结晶特性及红外特性

采用电子柬蒸发方法在n—Si（100）衬底上制备Pb（ZrxTi1-x）O3（简记为PZT）多晶薄膜．用X射线衍射分析了PZT薄膜的结晶择优取向与Zr／Ti成分比、生长温度、退火气氛和退火温度的关系．结果表明不同Zr／Ti比的薄膜在真空中退火都形成（110）择优取向;而在空气中退火后薄膜的择优方向与Zr／Ti成分比有关,Zr／Ti比值小时为（101）择优取向,Zr／Ti大时为（100）择优取向．红外吸收光谱的测量结果表明（100）和（110）择优取向的PZT薄膜在长红外波段（8～12um）存在较强的吸收峰,而（101）择优取向的PZT薄膜在这一波段没有明显的吸收峰．     

Sol-Gel法在不同衬底上制备的LaNiO_3导电薄膜的性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法快速成膜工艺分别在Si(100),SiO2/Si,Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si不同基底上制备LaNiO3导电薄膜,并分别以LNO和Pt/Ti为基底制备PZT薄膜。通过XRD,AFM,EDS等测试手段对LNO导电薄膜的结构及组成进行表征,并通过XRD,介电性能的测试比较LNO/Si和Pt/Ti沉积PZT薄膜的性能。结果表明,在Si(100),Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si上制备的LaNiO3导电薄膜是赝立方结构,而在SiO2/Si衬底上是四方结构。在Si(100)上得到的LNO薄膜致密、平整,可以作为制备PZT薄膜的导电层。在LNO和Pt/Ti上制备的PZT薄膜均为钙钛矿结构,且PZT/LNO薄膜各衍射峰强度优于PZT/Pt/Ti;而介电性能方面,PZT/LNO较PZT/Pt/Ti稍差,100kHz时,PZT/LNO和PZT/Pt/Ti的介电常数和介电损耗分别为562,0.29;408,0.037。     

BiFeO_3薄膜的so-lgel制备及其铁电性能研究

采用sol-gel方法在Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备出了(100)择优取向的BiFeO3薄膜.XRD研究表明,600～650℃退火的薄膜结晶较好.AFM形貌显示,650℃退火的薄膜中等轴状晶粒大小均匀(直径100～150nm),薄膜较为致密.电学性能测量结果表明,650℃退火、厚度为840nm的薄膜的2Pr值为2.8mC/cm2;在50kV/cm外加电场下,漏电流为2.7×10-5 A/cm2.电流-电压特性显示,在欧姆区之上,薄膜的主要导电机制为波尔-弗兰克尔发射导电.     

不同衬底对溅射Pb(Zr_(0.8)Ti_(0.20))O_3薄膜的结构及其性能的影响

利用射频磁控溅射法在低阻Si,Si O2/Si以及Pt/Ti/Si O2/Si等不同衬底上制备了Pb(Zr0.8Ti0.2)O3薄膜.利用XRD,SEM等对薄膜的结构性能进行了分析,结果发现不同衬底对溅射制备的PZT薄膜的结构有很大影响.在Pt/Ti/Si O2/Si衬底上制备的PZT薄膜经600℃退火1h后,薄膜表面光滑、无裂纹,XRD分析显示PZT薄膜呈完全钙钛矿结构,测试PZT薄膜的电学性能,表明PZT薄膜具有良好的介电性能.     

BiCrO3薄膜的溶胶-凝胶制备方法

用溶胶-凝胶方法在LaNiO3／Si衬底上在450℃退火条件下制备了BiCrO3.薄膜XRD研究发现BiCrO3仅有少量结晶，呈（I0I）择优取向．铁电性测试表明，室温下薄膜具有铁电性，剩余极化强度为0．6μc／cm^2，漏电流研究表明薄膜的导电机构分为三种。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that