基于代价敏感大间隔分布机的不平衡数据分类算法

大间隔分布学习机(LDM)在应用于不平衡据分类时,由于忽略类别不均衡,会使少数类样本的识别率较低。针对这一不足,结合代价敏感思想提出了一种不平衡代价敏感大间隔分布算法(ICS-LDM)。首先,在计算间隔均值和间隔方差时,结合数据集的不平衡因子和样本错分代价参数,调整不同类别的间隔分布权重;其次,将可以快速收敛的循环对偶坐标下降法应用于求解目标函数;最后,通过逐渐提高少数类的间隔分布,可以实现间隔分布在各类别平衡且总体最大。在虚拟数据集和UCI公开数据集上的实验结果表明,ICS-LDM可以有效提高少数类的分类精度,平衡各类的分类性能。     

基于随机方差调整梯度的非负矩阵分解

针对求解非负矩阵分解的乘性更新规则存在计算复杂度高且迭代效率低等缺点,提出一种随机方差参数调整梯度的方法.将方差缩减策略和乘性更新规则相结合,通过引入一个调整随机梯度估计量的参数校正梯度下降方向使其偏差与方差达到平衡,从而能快速、准确地逼近最优解.在真实数据集上进行仿真实验,结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

一类新的随机三项共轭梯度算法

针对经验风险最小化(ERM)这一无约束优化问题,使用随机优化算法.为了提高损失函数值的下降速度,考虑三项共轭梯度法的优点,提出一类新的随机三项共轭梯度算法.并将新算法与经典的随机梯度下降(SGD)类算法和已有的随机共轭梯度算法CGVR进行比较,数值结果表明新算法比SGD类算法在求解ERM问题上更有优势.     

基于代价敏感的随机森林不平衡数据分类算法

随机森林在分类不平衡数据时,容易偏向多数类而忽略少数类。可以将代价敏感用于分类器的训练;但在传统代价敏感随机森林算法中,代价函数没有考虑样本集实际分布与特征权重,且在随机森林投票阶段,没有考虑基分类器的性能差异。提出一种改进的代价敏感随机森林算法ICSRF,该算法首先根据不平衡数据集的实际分布构造代价函数;并将权重距离引入代价函数,然后根据基分类器的性能采取权重投票,提高分类准确率。实验结果表明,ICSRF算法能有效提高少数类的分类性能,可以较好地处理不平衡数据。     

一种改进的代价敏感随机森林算法

随机森林在分类不平衡数据时,容易偏向多数类而忽略少数类,可以将代价敏感用于分类器的训练,但在传统代价敏感随机森林算法中,代价函数没有考虑样本集实际分布与特征权重,且在随机森林投票阶段,没有考虑基分类器的性能差异。本文提出一种改进的代价敏感随机森林算法ICSRF,该算法首先根据不平衡数据集的实际分布构造代价函数,并将权重距离引入代价函数,然后根据基分类器的性能采取权重投票,提高分类准确率。实验结果表明,ICSRF算法能有效提高少数类的分类性能,可以较好的处理不平衡数据。     

基于梯度的随机微粒群算法

在随机微粒群算法和函数梯度信息基础上,文章提出了基于梯度的随机微粒群算法.该算法既有随机微粒群算法的优点,又有梯度法的较高收敛性和精度,数值计算表明算法对于求解连续可微函数的全局优化问题是非常有效的.     

面向非平衡数据的大间隔近邻Relief算法

Relief算法对于数据重叠区域的样本分类较为困难,通过人为剔除分类边界的样本来缓解干扰数据对于分类性能的影响。在非平衡数据中,重叠区域包含着为数不多的少数类样本,简单地剔除干扰数据可能会造成信息的丢失。针对这一问题,文章提出了一种面向非平衡数据的大间隔近邻Relief算法,该算法首先结合K-means,提供了两种多数类样本的欠采样方案,以获得较为平衡的新采样数据集。然后利用SVM计算新数据集中最具判别性的方向,并依此设计了一种基于大间隔的近邻计算方式,从而尽可能避开干扰数据。在6个非平衡数据集上的实验表明,在现有代表性算法的基础上,文章提出的算法仅利用31%～57%数量的特征即可达到相当或更高的分类性能。     

迭代容积卡尔曼粒子滤波算法

针对标准粒子滤波算法粒子退化和贫化问题,提出了一种基于高斯-牛顿迭代思想的容积卡尔曼粒子滤波算法.该算法利用当前量测信息,使用容积数值积分原则通过以一组确定的点集和相应的权值直接计算非线性随机函数的均值和方差,避免了求导运算,并通过Gauss-Newton迭代方法对容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)的非线性最小二乘问题进行求解,减小了线性化误差,以此来产生粒子滤波算法的重要性密度函数,使得迭代CKF产生的重要性密度函数更接近于真实后验概率分布,从而改进了滤波性能.仿真结果表明,与粒子滤波和CPF滤波相比,迭代CKF粒子滤波具有更高的估计精度.     

非负Tucker分解的随机方差缩减乘性更新算法

为了降低乘性迭代算法在求解非负Tucker分解时的计算复杂度,该文在乘性迭代的基础上,提出了一种随机方差缩减乘性更新方法.该方法先将待分解的非负张量n-模式矩阵化,再运用随机方差缩减乘性更新算法对矩阵进行非负分解,得到模式矩阵,最后通过梯度下降思想来更新核心张量.对高维数据进行非负Tucker分解时,加快收敛速度且降低...     

神经网络权值和阈值的优化方法

为确定多层神经网络权值和阈值建立了真实的最优化求解方法,即将网络总体平均误差建立为目标函数,以权值和阈值作为设计变量,采用梯度法和共轭梯度法对网络权值和阈值进行优化计算·通过 Ｂ Ｐ 算法、梯度法和共轭梯度法对相同实例网络权值和阈值计算,验证了所提出的优化方法的有效性,实现了权值和阈值的快速准确计算·     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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