Stimulation of H+ ion secretion from the isolated mouse stomach by sodium fluoride

Summary The effect of sodium fluoride on H⁺ ion secretion was investigated in the isolated distended mouse stomach. It was found that sodium fluoride on its own caused dose-related stimulation of H⁺ ion secretion. Sodium fluoride did not inhibit H⁺ ion secretion induced by histamine. The possible mechanisms involved are discussed. It is considered that sodium fluoride might stimulate H⁺ ion secretion by causing histamine release and by increasing cyclic AMP formation in the intact gastric mucosa.     

The influence of simultaneously administered mexamine on the distribution of cystamine-35S

Summary The³⁵S-distribution after simultaneous administration of a mixture of cystamine-³⁵S and mexamine (20 mg/kg+10 mg/kg) has changed as compared with the groups treated with cystamine-³⁵S only.     

The effect of pinealectomy on the Ca and SO4 turnover of the lymphatic organs

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen mit Na₂ ³⁵SO₄ zeigten, dass nach Exstirpation des Corpus pineale sich die Inkorporation von SO₄ in den lymphatischen Organen bedeutend vermehrt, gleichzeitig der³⁵SO₄-Spiegel des Blutes rasch abnimmt. Parallel dazu ist die⁴⁵CaCl₂-Aufnahme in der Milz und im Thymus herabgesetzt.     

Essai d'identification des corticostéroïdes sécrétés par la surrénale embryonnaire de Veau cultivée in vitro

Summary Pieces of foetal bovine adrenals were cultured in vitro in the presence of¹⁴C-1 sodium acetate. The following radioactive corticosteroids were sought: aldosterone, cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone. Four of them have been identified by thin-layer radiochromatography and derivative formation, i.e. hydrocortisone, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone.     

In vitro effects of methionine-enkephalin,somatostatin and insulin on cultured gonadal cells of the snailHelix aspersa

Isolated snail gonadal cells were cultured in the presence of synthetic neuropeptides in order to determine the subsequent effect of these substances on gonadal synthetic activities. Gonadal cells were incubated for 24 h in concentrations of methionine-enkephalin, somatostatin and insulin ranging from 10^–4 M to 10^–9 M, in medium 199 supplemented with 6% Ultroser G. Synthesis of DNA and protein by the cultured cells were simultaneously estimated by measuring incorporation of³H thymidine and³⁵S methionine. The rate of labelled precursor incorporation was measured using the liquid scintillation technique. All substances tested exerted a dose-dependent effect. The synthetic activity of the cultured cells was highest when the concentration of the peptides added to the medium approximated the physiological levels. Methionine-enkephalin, somatostatin and insulin at 2×10^–8 M significantly increased³H thymidine incorporation, by 62%, 69% and 69% respectively, and protein synthesis by 42%, 57% and 57%, respectively. In the case of juvenile gonadal cultured cells, a similar increase in³H and³⁵S incorporation was registered for a 10^–7 M peptide concentration. Both lower and higher peptide concentrations inhibited³H thymidine and³⁵S methionine incorporation. Pharmacological studies suggest the existence of methionine-enkephalin and somatostatin-like receptors on snail gonadal cells. These results indicate that our gonadal cell culture model provides a useful tool for the study of the neuroendocrinological control of the activity of snail gonadal cells.     

In vitro radiolabeling of galactosyl and N-acetylgalactosaminyl moieties of glycoproteins with carbon-14

Summary The primary alcohol group on the carbon 6 of terminal galactosyl and N-acetylgalactosaminyl moieties of glycoproteins can be oxidized to an aldehyde by treatment with galactose oxidase. By reacting these aldehyde groups with¹⁴C-labeled sodium cyanide,¹⁴C-labeled cyanohydrin derivatives were obtained. Similarly, reduction of these aldehyde groups with tritiated sodium borohydride following standard procedures, yields³H-labeled glycoproteins.¹⁴C- and³H-labeled derivatives of asialofetuin and asialo ovine submaxillary mucin with high specific radioactivities were prepared using these procedures. Mixtures containing microgram amounts of¹⁴C- and³H-labeled glycoproteins were subjected to column chromatography and gradient ultracentrifugation and the position of the individual glycoproteins was determined by simultaneous counting for¹⁴C and³H. These experiments demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for comparative analytical studies using biological specimens available in minute quantities.     

Nuclear uptake of methionine-S35 in the newt embryo

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Aufnahme von in DL-methionin enthaltenem S³⁵ durch die Zellkerne des Mesoderms und der Neuralplatte des Amphibien-Embryos beschrieben. Es wird auf die Ähnlichkeit hingewiesen, die mit der Aufnahme von in Glykokoll enthaltenem C¹⁴ besteht.     

Uptake of35S-Sulphate in dimethylbenzanthracene painted mouse skin

Zusammenfassung Die Synthese von Sulfomucopolysacchariden wurde durch den Einbau von³⁵S-Sulfat in die Haut weiblicher Mäuse nach DMBA-Behandlung verfolgt. Es wurde eine signifikante Steigerung der Aufnahme von³⁵S-Sulfat in den karzinogen behandelten Tieren beobachtet.     

Differential incorporation of labeled amino acids in the territories of the sea urchin blastula

Riassunto Blastule con mesenchima primario diParacentrotus lividus esposte a un trattamento di 30 min con S³⁵-metionina, leucina-C¹⁴ e alanina-C¹⁴ mostrano nel territorio vegetativo una densità di tracce considerevolmente minore che in quello animale. Se gli embrioni sono invece esposti all'aminoacido radioattivo durante tutto lo sviluppo o durante le prime ore dopo la fecondazione, tale differenza tra territori animale e vegetativo non si osserva. Si discute il significato di questi reperti.     

Oxidation ofβ-hydroxybutyrate infused into the cortical subarachnoid space

Résumé LeOHB, la concentration du¹⁴CO₂ ainsi que l'activité specifique du¹⁴CO₂ ont été determinées dans l'artère fémorale, le sinus sagittal supérieur et le liquid subarachnoïdal cortical. L'infusion duOHB enregistré a amené la présence de¹⁴CO₂ dans le liquide subarachnoïdal cortical. Les résultats indiquent que leOHB du liquide cérébro spinal peut être oxydé par les tissus à proximité de l'espace subarachnoïdal cortical.     

Autoradiographic studies with S35 on the development of the rat embryo

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die S³⁵-Fixation bei Embryonen von etwa 30 graviden Ratten untersucht. Bindegewebe, Knorpel und gewisse rasch wachsende Gewebe wiesen hohe Sulphataufnahmen auf, vermutlich auf Grund des Einbaues von radioaktivem Schwefel in die Sulfomukopolysachariden.     

Der Einbau von radioaktiv markiertem Schwefel (35S) in den Knorpel normaler und Vitamin-C-frei ernährter Meerschweinchen

Summary The utilization of sulphate labelled with S³⁵ to the synthesis of chondroitin sulphate of the cartilage of normal and scorbutic guinea pigs has been examined. The average incorporation of S³⁵ in the costal cartilage in the deficient animal was about one half that of the normal.     

Direct metabolism of 7α-3H-dehydroepiandrosteron-35S-sulphate in human ovarian tissue

Zusammenfassung Nach Inkubation von menschlichem Ovarialgewebe mit 7-³H-DHEA-³⁵S-sulfat konnten als Metaboliten 5 verschiedene C₁₉- und 2 phenolische C₁₈-Steroide isoliert und identifiziert werden, die als Sulfokonjugate einen gegenüber dem Substrat unveränderten³H/³⁵S-Quotienten aufwiesen.

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These investigations were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg (Germany).     

Similarities between metallothionein and low molecular weight testicular cadmium-binding protein

Summary The incorporation of³⁵S-cysteine and³H-glutamic acid was studied in mouse hepatic and renal metallothionein and in testicular cadmium-binding protein of similar molecular weight. Preferential incorporation of³⁵S-cysteine over³H-glutamic acid was observed not only in hepatic and renal metallothionein, but also in testicular cadmium-binding protein. When the antigenic reactivity of these proteins was compared, all three proteins reacted with the metallothionein antibody. These similarities suggest that the low molecular weight testicular cadmium-binding protein is apparently metallothionein.     

Die Einlagerung von radioaktivem Schwefel in die Flügel von Acrididen nach Applikation von35S-Natriumsulfat-und35S-l-Cystinlösungen

Summary Psophus stridulus L. andOedipoda coerulescens L. were fed or injected with solutions of Na ₂ ³⁵ SO₄ and³⁵S-l-cystine. The radioactive radiation pattern of the wings was found to depend on the time of application. Differences in radiation intensity were found to correspond to the red, blue and dark areas.     

Distribution of the sulphur-35-labelled goitrogenl-5-vinyl-2-thio-oxazolidone in the rat

Zusammenfassung Nachweis mittels Radioschwefel³⁵S, dass das in der Natur vorkommende Strumigen 1-5-vinyl-2-thio-oxyzolidon offenbar in der Schilddrüse in fünffach grösserer Konzentration gespeichert wird als in Leber und Niere.     

Direct aromatization of C19-steroid sulphates

Zusammenfassung Bei Bebrütung von synthetischem 7-³H-Androst-4-en-3, 17-dion-³⁵S-sulfat mit Mikrosomen aus menschlicher Placenta in Gegenwart von NADPH₂ wurden 15.9% des Substrats in doppelt-markiertes Östron-sulfat mit unverändertem³H/³⁵S-Verhältnis umgewandelt. Da die Ausbeute vergleichsweise höher lag als bei Verwendung von 7-³H-Dehydroepiandrosteron-³⁵S-sulfat, wird angenommen, dass die Biosynthese von Östron-sulfat aus Dehydroepiandrosteron-sulfat über ein dem Androst-4-en-dion entsprechendes 3,5-Dienol-sulfat verläuft.

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This investigation was carried out with the support of the Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godesberg.     

Effects of various inhibitors and 2,4-dinitrophenol on adenosine triphosphatase from Malpighian tubules ofLocusta migratoria L

Summary Both Mg²⁺-ATPase and HCO ₃ ^– -stimulated ATPase activity were inhibited by sodium azide and to a lesser extent ethacrynic acid and amiloride. 1 mM DNP stimulated Mg²⁺-ATPase activity by 22% and HCO ₃ ^– -stimulated ATPase activity by 7%.     

The metabolic fate of [35S]-diallyl disulphide in mice

Summary Diallyl disulphide (DADS) is a major constituent of garlic oil. Uptake of [³⁵S]-labelled diallyl disulphide by mouse liver is highest at 90 min after treatment. 2h after treatment with [³⁵S]-DADS, 70% of the radioactivity is present in the liver cytosol of which 80% is metabolized to sulphate.     

Na+,K+-ATPase as a docking station: protein–protein complexes of the Na+,K+-ATPase

The Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, or sodium pump, is well known for its role in ion transport across the plasma membrane of animal cells. It carries out the transport of Na⁺ ions out of the cell and of K⁺ ions into the cell and thus maintains electrolyte and fluid balance. In addition to the fundamental ion-pumping function of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, recent work has suggested additional roles for Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in signal transduction and biomembrane structure. Several signaling pathways have been found to involve Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, which serves as a docking station for a fast-growing number of protein interaction partners. In this review, we focus on Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase as a signal transducer, but also briefly discuss other Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase protein–protein interactions, providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse signaling functions ascribed to this well-known enzyme.