FISH of 5S rDNA and telomeric (TTAGGG) n repeats in normal and translocated populations of the frog Quasipaa boulengeri (Anura, Ranidae)

Quasipaa boulengeri,a spiny frog,is widely distributed in the low mountain regions,around Sichuan Basin.Our previous study revealed five karyotypes,caused by a translocation,that are randomly distributed throughout different populations.5S rDNA and telomere sequence(TTAGGG) n are potential good markers for chromosome identification and karyological evolution.In this study,we examined the sequences of 14 populations using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) to detect if there is any variation between karyologically normal and translocated populations.5S rDNA loci were located at the same position on chromosomes 1 in 7 translocated populations.In two of the seven normal populations,5S rDNA also occurred on chromosome 5 in addition to chromosome 1.Our findings further indicate that the 5S rDNA on No.1 most likely represents the ancestral condition,while the minor loci represent the derived state.Signal density variations of the 5S rDNA were observed beteween homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids of pair 1 in both normal and translocated populations.Telomere sequences were identically located on all ends of the 26 chromosomes in seven rearranged populations,however,no ITSs were observed on the translocated chromosomes 1 and 6.Two of the six normal populations were found to contain ITSs which indicates that populations with translocation events diverged prior to those with ITSs rearrangements.In the KKS and BF populations,the ITSs of chromosome 3 are not always found on both homologues.Inter-chromosomal signal strength of telomeric sequences commonly differs within all populations.     

Recognition of a chromosome truncation site associated with alpha-thalassaemia by human telomerase

Telomeres define the ends of chromosomes; they consist of short tandemly repeated DNA sequences loosely conserved in eukaryotes (G1-8(T/A)1-4). Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which, in vitro, recognizes a single-stranded G-rich telomere primer and adds multiple telomeric repeats to its 3' end by using a template in the RNA moiety. In conjunction with other components, telomerase may balance the loss of telomeric repeats due to DNA replication. Another role of telomerase may be the de novo formation of telomeres. In eukaryotes like Tetrahymena, this process is an integral part of the formation of macronuclear chromosomes. In other eukaryotes this process stabilizes broken chromosomes. A case of human alpha-thalassaemia is caused by a truncation of chromosome 16 that has been healed by the addition of telomeric repeats (TTAGGG)n. Using an in vitro assay, I show here that human telomerase correctly recognizes the chromosome 16 breakpoint sequence and adds (TTAGGG)n repeats. The DNA sequence requirements are minimal and seem to define two modes of DNA recognition by telomerase.     

DFT结合QTAIM方法对(CH)_n(CBO)_(6-n)(n=0～6)结构和芳香性的研究

在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)计算水平上对(CH)_n(CBO)_(6-n)(n=0~6)分子的结构进行了全优化,在同一计算水平上采用规范无关原子轨道(GIAO)方法计算了此类化合物的核独立化学位移值(NICS),用以评价这些分子的芳香性.研究结果表明:(CH)_n(CBO)_(6-n)(n=0~6)具有芳香性,但芳香性比苯分子略弱,并且芳香性随着CH基团陆续被CBO基团取代而减弱.QTAIM分析进一步确认了这些分子的芳香性,并发现NICS(0)以及△NICS均同H_b存在良好的线性关系.此外,同(CH)_n(BCO)_(6-n)(n=0~6)化合物相比,(CH)_n(CBO)_(6-n)(n=0~6)分子不仅具有更高的热力学稳定性,而且还具有更强的芳香性.     

A unique set of polypeptides is induced by gamma interferon in addition to those induced in common with alpha and beta interferons

Human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) differs from leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) and fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) in cell origin, inducing agents, physical and biological properties and amino acid sequence. These differences have led to interest in possible differences in the biological properties of IFN-gamma compared with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. IFN-gamma has the same broad range of biochemical and biological actions as do IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, although relative potencies vary depending on the cell type and function investigated. There has so far been no direct evidence that IFN-gamma alters normal cell functions differently from other interferons. We report here striking qualitative and quantitative differences in the intracellular response of human fibroblasts to IFN-gamma compared with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrates, in addition to the induction of a common group of polypeptides, the existence of a set of polypeptides whose synthesis is uniquely induced by IFN-gamma.     

Clustering of breakpoints on chromosome 11 in human B-cell neoplasms with the t(11;14) chromosome translocation

The t(11;14) (q13;q32) chromosome translocation has been reported in diffuse small and large cell lymphomas and in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and multiple myeloma. Because chromosome band 14q32 is involved in this translocation, as well as in the t(8;14) (q24;q32) translocation of the Burkitt tumour, interruption of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus was postulated for this rearrangement. We have cloned the chromosomal joinings between chromosomes 11 and 14 and also between chromosomes 14 and 18, in B-cell tumours carrying translocations involving these chromosomes, and suggested the existence of two translocated loci, bcl-1 and bcl-2, normally located on chromosomes 11 (band q13) and 18 (band q21) respectively, involved in the pathogenesis of human B-cell neoplasms. The results indicate that in the leukaemic cells from two different cases of CLL, the breakpoints on chromosome 11 are within 8 nucleotides of each other and on chromosome 14 involve the J4-DNA segment. Because we detected a 7mer-9mer signal-like sequence with a 12-base-long spacer on the normal chromosome 11, close to the breakpoint, we speculate that the t(11;14) chromosome translocation in CLL may be sequence specific and may involve the recombination system for immunoglobulin gene segment (V-D-J) joining.     

Activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway by an isoform of rap1GAP associated with G alpha(i)

Many receptors for neuropeptides and hormones are coupled with the heterotrimeric G(i) protein, which activates the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) cascade through both the alpha- and betagamma-subunits of G(i). The betagamma-subunit activates the ERK/MAPK cascade through tyrosine kinase. Constitutively active G(alpha)i2 (gip2) isolated from adrenal and ovarian tumours transforms Rat-1 fibroblasts and also activates the ERK/MAPK cascade by an unknown mechanism. The ERK/MAPK pathway is activated by Ras, and is inhibited when the low-molecular-mass GTP-binding protein Rap1 antagonizes Ras function. Here we show that a novel isoform of Rapl GTPase-activating protein, called rap1GAPII, binds specifically to the alpha-subunits of the G(i) family of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Stimulation of the G(i)-coupled m2-muscarinic receptor translocates rap1GAPII from the cytosol to the membrane and decreases the amount of GTP-bound Rap1. This decrease in GTP-bound Rap1 activates ERK/MAPK. Thus, the alpha-subunit of G(i) activates the Ras-ERK/MAPK mitogenic pathway by membrane recruitment of rap1GAPII and reduction of GTP-bound Rap1.     

用元的阶刻划U3(2n)

证明了除U3( 2 )外 ,所有射影特殊酉群U3( 2 n)均可由它们的元的阶加以刻划 .     

用元的阶刻划U3(2n)

证明了除Ｕ３（２）外,所有射影特殊酉群Ｕ３（２＾ｎ）均可由它们的元的阶加以刻划。     

降维法快速求解A(n,k)精确公式

A(n,k)=∑km=1∑mr=1∑[k/m]-1j=0t(k)m,r,j×nj×s(r,m)×ζnrm,ζm=e2πi/m,s(r,m)=1,gcd(r,m)=10,其他为丢番图方程∑ki=1ixi=n的非负整数解的个数.虽然用解线性方程组的方法可求得A(n,k)的所有系数,然而,该求解过程却非常耗时.本文利用方程(1-x)(1-x2)...(1-xk)=0的相异根的幂可能存在的相等关系,即取适当的正整数g使某些相异根的g次幂相等来实现同类项系数的合并以降低方程的维数,达到提高方程求解速度的目的.     

具有4n~2+2n+1阶奇点的一类2n+1次系统

研究了一类具有两个零特征根和一个4n^2＋2n＋1阶奇点的2n＋1次系统,并给出了极限环存在与否的条件。     

The Chromatic Uniqueness of Bipartite Graphs K （ m, n ） - A with ｜ A ｜ = 2

The chromatically uniqueness of bipartite graphs K （m, n） - A（]A] = 2） was studied. With comparing the numbers of partitions into r color classes of two chromatically equivalent graphs, one general numerical condition guaranteeing that K（ m, n） - A （ I A ] = 2） is chromatically unique were obtained. This covers and improves the former correlative results.     

Co-association of CD3 zeta with a receptor (CD16) for IgG Fc on human natural killer cells

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-nonrestricted cytotoxicity against tumours and virus-infected cells and secrete numerous cytokines on activation. NK cells are distinct from mature T lymphocytes, because they do not rearrange or productively transcribe T-cell receptor alpha-, beta-, gamma- or delta-chain genes and do not express the CD3 gamma- or delta-subunits. But recent studies indicate that NK cells do express CD3 zeta, co-associated with other membrane proteins. Here we report that CD16, the receptor for the Fc (constant) region of IgG, specifically associates with the CD3 zeta homodimer on the membrane of human NK cells, and that co-transfection with CD3 zeta complementary DNA permits expression of a transmembrane-linked CD16 complex on COS-7 cells. These findings indicate that CD3 zeta can co-associate with membrane receptors of diverse cell types and function as a common structure for signal transduction.     

任意域P上Lie代数gl（n，P）中元的正则性的充要条件的一个初等证明

[1]利用权模，权空间，和Fitting空间等工具证明了在代数闭合域P上gl（n，P）中元的正则性的充要条件．实际上P的代数闭合性条件可以取消，并且只利用矩阵的Jordan法式这一工具便可给出这一充要条件的一个初等证明，所用符号与[2]相同．     

常利率环境下带扰动的广义Erlang(n)风险过程中红利问题

在常利率环境条件下研究带扰动的广义Erlang(n)风险过程中保险公司的红利问题.在障碍策略下,得出其矩母函数所满足的积分-微分方程及方程的边界条件和红利所满足的积分-微分方程及方程的边界条件.最后,给出V1(u,b)的表达式并进行数值分析.     

(B～)n型仿射Weyl群a值5的A51型双边胞腔

描述了(B～)n型仿射Weyl群W的a值为5的一类特殊双边胞腔中左胞腔的个数,并计算出当n≥9时,这样的双边胞腔仅有1个,记为Ω,其中n=9时,含512=29个左胞腔;当n≥10时,含有(1/120)(n5-5n4+25n3+5n2+94n+120)个左胞腔.所使用的方法是找出这类双边胞腔中所有特异对合元.     

双子表面活性剂胶束体系中咪唑衍生物钴(II)配合物催化HPNP水解剪切的研究

合成了一种咪唑衍生物钴(II)配合物(Co-biap),并考察了其在双子表面活性剂(Gemini 16-2-16)胶束溶液中催化RNA模型物HPNP水解剪切的性能. 研究表明,双子表面活性剂(Gemini 16-2-16)胶束溶液中钴(Ⅱ)配合物催化的HPNP水解剪切速率比HPNP自水解速率提高1126倍,且分别为单独被双子表面活性剂和钴(II)配合物催化的HPNP水解速率的3.0倍和3.3倍.     

(NH4)2SO4存在下氯化亚锡一丙醇体系萃取分离铂(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了用(NH4)2SO4存在下氯化亚锡-丙醇体系萃取分离铂(Ⅱ)的行为及体系在盐酸介质中的分相条件.实验表明在盐酸介质中体系可萃取铂(Ⅱ),其萃取率为99.4%,该方法可用于从贱金属中分离铂(Ⅱ).