中药材废渣基活性炭对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能初步研究

采用中药材废渣基活性炭处理含Cr(VI)废水,考察了pH、离子浓度、活性炭投加量、吸附时间对其吸附性能的影响,并对其吸附过程进行初步研究。结果表明,在pH=2、离子浓度80mg/L、活性炭投加量0.1g以及吸附时间为1h下吸附性能最佳。活性炭对Cr(VI)的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型,采用准二级动力学模型能更好的描述活性炭对Cr(VI)吸附动力学过程。     

酒石酸化学改性松针粉对Cr(VI)的吸附性能

本文选用松针粉(PNP)为原料,通过酒石酸化学改性制备出了一种新型生物吸附材料(TA-PNP).考察不同pH值、吸附反应时间和Cr(VI)溶液初始浓度等因素影响下,TA-PNP对Cr(VI)的吸附性能;并建立了动力学模型和等温线模型.实验结果表明:室温条件下,pH=2.0,吸附反应时间是60 min,Cr(VI)初始体积质量为750 mg/L时,TA-PNP对Cr(VI)吸附效果最佳.此外,TA-PNP吸附方式为化学吸附,颗粒内扩散模型表明总吸附反应速率为膜扩散和内扩散两者共同控制.TA-PNP对Cr(VI)的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,其最大吸附量为98.62 mg/g.     

污泥吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学研究

以剩余污泥为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为活化剂制取改性吸附剂,通过恒温水浴振荡静态吸附实验研究了改性吸附剂对含Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)废水的吸附性能.借助比表面积测定仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜仪对改性前后的污泥进行了表征.比较了污泥改性前后的吸附效果、考察了溶液初始pH、溶液初始浓度、吸附平衡时间、温度等因素对吸附效率的影响,同时,研究了改性污泥吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附动力学行为.结果表明,改性污泥吸附剂表面及孔洞均变得疏松和粗糙,且孔洞明显增大,BET比表面积为14.97 m~2·g~(-1).改性后污泥对Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附性能明显增加,在Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)初始浓度均为50 mg·L~(-1)时,吸附剂投加量4 g·L~(-1),反应体系温度25℃,pH为3.0,吸附平衡时间为30 min时,去除率比改性前分别增大了56.79%和47.60%;Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)离子最大理论吸附量分别达到21.06和14.85 mg·g~(-1).吸附机制分析表明,吸附等温线数据符合Langmuir模型,模型R~2分别为0.998和0.999,存在单分子层吸附;在实验温度下(15、25、35、45℃)的吸附动力学实验数据符合准二级动力学模型,R~2均达到了0.99以上,且随着温度的升高,吸附越容易进行,说明Cu(Ⅱ)和Cr(VI)的吸附以化学吸附为主,物理吸附为辅.改性吸附剂能够应用于含有重金属的废水处理,实现废物资源化利用.     

烟束曲霉HLS-6的筛选及其对Cr(VI)的吸附特性

采用富集培养方法从某下水道污泥中筛选到一株对重金属Cr(VI)吸附效率高的菌株———烟束曲霉HLS-6,考察了pH值、温度和Cr(VI)初始质量浓度对HLS-6吸附Cr(VI)的影响.结果表明,在pH为1~2、温度为25~30℃时,吸附率高达96.7%;Cr(VI)初始质量浓度增加,吸附容量增大,但吸附率减小:当Cr(VI)初始质量浓度分别为9.42和91.7mg/L时,HLS-6在48 h内对Cr(VI)的吸附率分别为100%和50.8%,吸附容量分别为4.9和23.3mg/g;吸附菌在菌龄为3~5 d时对Cr(VI)的吸附率最大.     

改性荔枝壳对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

采用Na OH浸泡的方法制备荔枝壳吸附剂,考察了初始Cu(Ⅱ)质量浓度、荔枝壳用量、p H值和吸附温度对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量及去除率的影响.动力学和热力学研究结果发现,该吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温线.从电镜图片可以看到,荔枝壳吸附后表面开裂变得更加粗糙,说明荔枝壳在吸附铜离子后,其化学结构受到破坏.红外光谱分析表明荔枝壳吸附铜离子的主要基团可能为羟基和酰胺基,XRD分析发现吸附后的衍射峰比吸附前的峰要尖锐,说明荔枝壳吸附铜离子后结晶性增强.     

改性花生壳对重金属Cr(VI)的吸附性能研究

为了解决处理含铬等重金属废水时成本高和效率低等问题,采用吸附法去除Cr(VI),筛选廉价且吸附性能较好的吸附剂成为研究中的热点问题。而纤维素类农作物废弃物是廉价吸附剂的重要来源,文中选用花生壳为吸附剂原料,采用盐酸对其表面进行酸化改性。考察了pH值、温度、Cr(VI)初始浓度、改性花生壳投加量和吸附时间对铬离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明,最佳吸附条件为pH=1,温度为50℃,铬离子浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为10 g/L,吸附时间为140 min.通过考察反应动力学过程,发现改性花生壳吸附符合准二级反应动力学方程,Freundlich等温吸附模型也能较好地描述改性花生壳对铬离子溶液的等温吸附过程。经过分析研究和实验验证,改性花生壳对吸附废水中的Cr(VI)是可行有效的。     

废茉莉花茶渣对Cr(VI)的吸附研究

以废茉莉花茶渣作为吸附剂,对含Cr(VI)溶液进行了吸附研究。分别考察了吸附时间、茶渣投加量、Cr(VI)初始浓度、茶渣粒径、温度、pH值等因素对废茉莉花茶渣吸附Cr(VI)的影响。在吸附时间2小时、茶渣投加量为30g/L、Cr(VI)初始浓度为40mg/L、茶渣粒径60目、 pH值2.5时,茶渣对Cr(VI)吸附率达98.7%。温度越高,茶渣对Cr(VI)吸附效果越好。废茉莉花茶渣对Cr(VI)具有较好的吸附能力,是比较合适的重金属离子吸附剂。     

CNTs改性及水体中Cr(VI)离子的吸附性能研究

为了脱除水体Cr(VI),600℃下于Fe2Ni/γ-Al2O3上苯催化化学气相分解(catalytic chemical vapor decomposition)制备碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs),粗CNTs经混酸(H2SO4/HNO3,3∶1,volume ratio,体积比),超声氧化纯化,纯化的同时赋予其表面功能基团,进一步地,表面包覆功能分子聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)。系统探讨了改性CNTs对高浓度水体Cr(VI)离子的吸附脱除,结果表明,CNTs的氧化纯化使其表面植入-COOH、-OH等功能基团,进一步地,富含羟基功能基团的PVA分子在CNTs表面包覆,赋予CNTs表面活性的同时,显著提高CNTs的亲水性能。观察到了随氧化纯化和PVA修饰的CNTs上高浓度Cr(VI)离子吸附的逐步和明显提升,吸附热力学和动力学研究表明,CNTs表面Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich热力学和准二级动力学特征。随氧化纯化和PVA修饰,CNTs对水体Cr(VI)吸附性能的提高可能与CNTs亲水性能的提升以及表面功能化基团对Cr(VI)的化学吸附的促进相关联。     

霉菌菌丝球对重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性

自活性污泥中筛选到一株对重金属Cr(VI)有很强吸附能力的霉菌菌株G-28。结果表明,G-28菌丝球吸附铬的适宜pH为1.0~3.0,适宜温度为20~45℃。在Cr(VI)初始浓度10~60 mg.L-1范围内,G-28对Cr(VI)吸附效果明显。该菌株吸附铬的适宜摇速为150~180 r.min-1,吸附率达98.2%~98.8%。培养48 h的菌丝球对Cr(VI)的吸附率最大。吸附动力学研究表明,G-28对铬的吸附0~2h是一个快速过程,而2~12 h为慢吸附过程,12 h后趋于平衡。G-28菌丝球灭活后,仍具有较强的吸附能力。G-28对电镀废水Cr(VI)的吸附率高达99.1%。     

土霉素菌渣活性炭吸附处理低浓度含铬废水

采用活化法制备土霉素菌渣活性炭(菌渣炭),并用于处理低浓度含铬废水。经过组分测定可以看出土霉素菌渣含有较高的挥发分,灰分含量较低;元素分析中C、O元素的含量较高,表明土霉素菌渣含有大量的有机物和菌体蛋白;BET测得菌渣炭的比表面积、孔容和孔径都较大,通过扫描电镜可观察出菌渣炭具有较多的微孔和中孔,有利于对Cr(VI)定的吸附。通过单因素实验确定在初始Cr(VI)浓度为2mg/L时菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的最佳吸附pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间分别为4、0.5g/L、 50min, Cr(VI)的最高去除率为96.2%。热力学和动力学分析结果表明菌渣炭对Cr(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为17.93 mg/g,对Cr(VI)的吸附速率与吸附剂上未被占据的吸附位点的平方成正比。用1mol/L的HCl对菌渣炭进行洗脱再生,经过4次循环实验Cr(VI)的去除率为77.1%,剩余溶液中Cr(VI)浓度为0.459 mg/L,满足污水综合排放标准0.5 mg/L,菌渣炭的饱和吸附量为2.018 mg/g,表明菌渣炭的再生性能良好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~