云南糯扎渡保护区电站建设水淹区植被资源调查

为了掌握水电站建设水淹区的植被资源决策数据和信息，利用3S技术对糯扎渡省级自然保护区水淹区的植被资源进行调查。结果表明，被淹没的植被类型和面积分别为：季风常绿阔叶林313hm^2，占保护区面积的2．8％；落叶季雨林443hm^2，占33．5％；思茅松林10hm^2，占0．2％；竹林385hm^2，占41．2％；干热河谷稀树草丛73hm^2，占65．2％；灌木林9hm^2，占2．2％。在水电站建设水淹区的植被资源调查中3S技术展现了速度快、精度高且经济的特点。     

吊罗山保护区哺乳动物物种多样性初步研究

根据实地调查和资料记载,海南吊罗山共有哺乳动物8目2l科46种,分别占海南省哺乳动物(水生兽类除外)9目、24科、76种的88．89％、87．50％和60．53％,其中华南麝鼯、犬蝠、小菊头蝠、中华鼠耳蝠、大长翼蝠、灰伏翼、屋顶鼠和社鼠等8种为吊罗山保护区新记录;黑长臂猿和云豹2种为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,猕猴、黑熊等9种为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物,分别占海南省国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护动物(水生兽类除外)的66．67％和90．0％;还有14种列入国家“三有”保护动物,17种列入中国动物红皮书,6种列入IUCN红皮书,有4、5、4种分别列入CITES公约附录Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ;海南毛猬、大鼯鼠2种为海南特产种(占海南特产种的66．67％)．黑长臂猿(又称海南长臂猿)、小缺齿鼹(又称华南缺齿鼹)、中菊头蝠(海南菊头蝠)等12种为海南特产亚种．     

牛背梁保护区的兽类资源现状

报道了调查牛背梁保护区的兽类动物资源状况．结果表明，该保护区兽类计有６０种，其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物２种，Ⅱ级６种，省级１种．区系组成：东洋界种类占５７．６％，古北界占２５．４％，广布种占１７．０％．文中阐明了区内动物资源存在的主要危胁因素及其产生的原因．     

河南省玉米生产与肥料施用状况

通过对河南省21个县市的玉米生产与肥料施用状况进行农户抽样调查表明：河南省玉米产量以6000-7500kg／hm^2所占比例最大,占到调查农户的50％;4500—6000kg／hm^2产量范围的农户所占比例次之,为31．84％;而小于3500kg／hm^2和大于7500kg／hm^2所占比例分别为1．05％和8．16％．玉米氮肥用量变化为3．1～667．4kg／hm^2,平均为293．3kg／hm^2;磷肥用量变化为0～760．5kg／hm^2,平均97．9kg／hm^2;钾肥用量变化为3．4-50．9kg／hm^2,平均25．9kg／hm^2．玉米生产中氮肥施用量为90—270kg/hm^2占到调查样本的57．04％,其中基肥用量以小于45kg／hm^2所占比例最高,其次为90—135kg／hm^2;追肥用量以135～180kg／hm^2最大,为20．10％．磷肥用量以45—90kg／hm^2所占比例最大,为28．27％;钾肥以不施钾所占比例最高,为39．73％．玉米产量与氮、磷、钾养分总量和氮肥、磷肥和钾肥用量之间关系不显著,氮肥偏生产力以10—20kg／kg所占比例最大,占到调查样本的38．50％,其次为20—30kg／kg,占到调查样本的27．27％;磷肥、钾肥偏生产力均以45—75kg／kg最大,分别占到调查样本的35．46％和26．87％．     

四川省野生动物现状、保护与主要问题

四川（原含重庆市）地处青藏高原与长江中下游平原之间的过渡地带，地势高差悬殊，地貌类型复杂，是一个多地理要素的交汇处，物种多样性丰富，有脊椎动物1286种，占全国总数的39．05％，区系复杂，为全国之冠，古北界成员主要是北方型占25．34％，其次为高地型占5．10％，并渗透有东北型占5．19％和中亚型占2．31％，东洋界成分占60％以上，其中以热带亚热带型和喜马拉雅横断山脉型最多，分别为23．56％和23．17％，其次为南中国型占13．375，此外尚有季风型占25，大熊猫，金丝猴等孑遗特有动物有318种，占全国的375，国家Ⅰ级保护的珍稀动物有27种，占全国同级的26．47％，国家Ⅱ级保护的珍稀动物有113种，占全国同级的26．47％，自然保护区载至2000年，共有52个，面积达29061km^2，现存主要问题是森林过度采伐，致使动物的栖息地受到破坏和缩小，加之过度的利用，滥猎和盗杀野生动物，以及环境污染等，导致众多物种处于濒危状态。     

黄石坳保护区的兽类初步研究

2002年5—7月对广东和平县黄石坳保护区的兽类进行了调查，共记录到兽类6目15科31种，东洋型21种占67．7％；南中国型5种占16．1％；古北型3种占9．7％；季风型和喜马拉雅山型各1种占3．2％．其中国家I级保护动物1种；Ⅱ级保护动物5种；三有动物10种，说明该地区物种珍稀程度较高．翼手类共记录到12种，占所有物种总数的38．7％；啮齿类只有3种，占种数的9．6％，可能与捕获的季节等有关．     

我院学生在四川省第八次计算机等级考试中创佳绩

1998年1月举行的四川省第八次计算机等级考试成绩揭晓，我院共有1178名学生分别通过一、二、三级考试，通过率为16．05％。1178名通过等级考试的学生中，通过Ⅰ级的844人，通过Ⅱ级的324人，通过Ⅲ级的10人。机械系共通过182人，其中Ⅰ级106人、Ⅱ级76人，通过率为46．43％；电     

施肥对马尾松人工中龄林生物归还的影响

生物归还是森林生态系统中物流和能流过程中的一环，对于快速育林具有极为重要的意义。马尾松I类主产区枯枝落叶量1年可达约5000kg/hm^2，枯落物中以落叶所占比例最大，达75％－89％，枯枝最少。不同时期枯落物多少差异较大，但枯枝差别较小；落叶每年10月至次年2月间占总落叶量的60％多，花杂在4－6月最多，均极显差别于其它各个时期。施肥具有显增加或减少枯落物量的作用，其中施N2P2K可显减少落叶量，施P3、N1P1、N2可显增加花杂量。然而施肥并未显改变归还的营养元素量。1年内归还的养分中（平均值）N为35．07kg/hm^2、P为1．77kg/hm^2、K为6．36kg/hm^2,Ca为18．30kg/hm^2,Mg为6．99kg/hm^2各类枯落物中枯枝归还的营养元素量最少，落叶最多，占归还元素总量的80．8％－87．6％。     

长白山5种主要森林群落细根现存生物量研究

通过对长白山5种主要森林群落类型细根现存生物量的研究发现：不同森林群落细根生物量有较大差别．其中,阔叶红松林细根生物量最高,达到5．9677t／hm^2,其次为云冷杉林(4．6305t／hm^2)、岳桦林(4．3724t／hm^2)、白桦林(4．0008t／hm^2)、山杨林(2．8699t／hm^2);不同森林群落死活细根的比率也不同,云冷杉林死细根含量所占比例最高,达40％以上,而其他群落类型相对较低,死细根所占比率都在20％以下;从不同土壤层次中细根所占的比例看,红松阔叶林在0～10cm土壤中细根含量占总根量的60％以下,其他则都在70％以上,其中白桦林最高,达到80％以上。     

广西重点保护野生植物资源的现状与评价

调查于1997年10月至2001年6月进行，分布范围狭窄的物种采用方调查，分布面积较小的物种采用资源全查法，区性广泛分布或局部地域广泛分布的物种采用方调查，辅设线带，线段单元，按《中国植被》分类系统归类，调查发现自然分布目的物75种，其中属国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护物种分别为22种和40种，省级保护物种13种，属广西特有17种，我国特有58种，物种的分布区类型以热带分布为主，50％属于古老成分。广西广布种仅有樟（Cinnamonum camphora)和金毛狗脊(Cibotium baromnetz)，南部岩溶地区的局域广布种是蚬木（Burretiodendron hsienum）、任豆（Zenia insignis)、剑叶龙血树（Dracaena cochinchinensis)，其他多数物种的分布面积都很狭少，除金毛狗脊外，现存资源量（株数）在100万株以上的种类仅有任豆和剑叶龙血树，占全区保护野生植物物种总数的2．7％，10万－100万株的8种，占10．6％，1万－10万株有9种，占12．0％；0．1万－1万的有20种，占26．7％；100－1000株的有24种，占32．0％；现存不足100株的有11种，占14．7％；部分各类现存株数极少，如广西火桐（Erythropsis kwangsiensis)3株，水松（Glyptotrobus pensilis)9株，未发现目的物种14种，其中国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护物种分别为2种和7种，省级保护物5种。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the