含聚污水配注聚合物影响因素的实验研究

油田聚合物驱油每年需求大量的清水以配置聚合物,而采出污水不能平衡回注到油层,这样做造成资源的浪费以及环境的污染。因此污水配制聚合物问题的研究是非常重要的。通过改变含聚污水中的矿化度、菌类、还原性物质、含油量等单一因素,研究影响聚合物黏度的各种因素。并根据各种影响因素的影响程度的不同,确定影响聚合物黏度的主要因素,从而确定含聚污水配注聚合物的可行性。     

化学驱产出污水回注技术在渤海石油能源开发中的研究与意义

针对渤海化学驱油田产出水特点,开展产出含聚污水配制聚合物并回注地层的再利用技术研究,研究结果表明:污水中的残留聚合物、悬浮物和乳化油对储层的渗透率具有一定的影响;在污水水质的控制指标为残留聚合物≤600 mg/L、乳化油≤50 mg/L、悬浮物≤25 mg/L时,污水配成的2,000 mg/L聚合物溶液的阻力系数值为5.61,残余阻力系数为2.27,说明聚合物溶液发挥了扩大波体积的作用,对于减轻产出化学驱液处理压力,突破海上油田化学驱的产出液处理技术瓶颈,最大限度减少含油污水的危害性,实现废弃资源的再利用,具有重要意义。     

含聚污水深度过滤过程模拟及技术界限优化

针对油田清水资源宝贵、深度处理后的污水水源不足背景下地面系统注采水量失衡的问题，开展了含聚污水在普通处理后进行“双层级配滤料+三层级配滤料”两级过滤的深度处理技术研究，考虑水质含聚浓度的变化及其与过滤工艺参数的关联性，利用数值模拟方法描述了深度过滤流场中油珠及悬浮物粒子的聚集分布特征，确定了深度过滤出水水质中含油与悬浮物含量的变化。结果表明，对含聚污水进行深度过滤而实现油含量、悬浮物含量均控制在5.00 mg/L以内的水质指标是可行的，优化建立的含聚污水深度过滤技术界限关系图版可为提升含聚污水处理指标和效率、保障含聚污水处理工艺运行的负荷与平稳性提供有益指导。     

污水回注对地层损害程度实验研究

通过对现场的三元复合驱采出水水质分析得出,三元复合驱采出污水悬浮物含量超标。三元复合驱采出污水与地层水的不配伍性,可产生极少量沉淀。本文总结了三元复合驱采出污水回注对地层产生损害的影响机理,提出了水质处理建议。     

关于对污水回注工艺的探讨

目前我国具有勘探开发价值的油田,大多地处水资源匮乏的偏远地区,而污水回注工艺的应用,一方面可以促进油井开发、减少外排,另一方面又可减轻环境、资源压力,缓解水资源的过度开发。为了保证处理后污水合格地回注油层,保证污水回注的水质,近年来不断引进并开发先进的污水回注技术,本文对目前常用的油田污水回注工艺进行探讨,力求提升污水回注水平。     

处理油田含聚废水的微生物研究

在油田普遍采用聚合物驱三次采油新技术的同时也产生了含聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）污水的处理问题。含PAM污水的特点是粘度大、含油多、乳化油稳定,故传统的废水处理方法及设施难以使该污水处理达到回注水水质的标准。对模拟含聚废水驯化的好氧颗粒污泥内微生物的研究将有助于油田含聚废水生物处理技术的开发。采用人工模拟油田含聚废水在实验室内驯化好氧颗粒污泥,结果表明好氧颗粒污泥对含聚驱采出水有良好的适应性。在水力停留时间为144h时,好氧颗粒污泥可以将进水中的聚丙烯酰胺由350mg/L降低至150mg/L,去除率达到57％。对颗粒污泥内的优势微生物研究表明,在模拟含聚废水中对PAM起主要降解作用的微生物为产碱假单胞菌。     

港东采油污水回注可行性研究

回注地层是采油污水的最优出路.为了确保港东采油污水经过处理后回注地层,采用膨胀法、重量法、岩心流动实验法,对污水处理后回注的可行性进行了研究.结果表明:以10 mL3%KC l使1g黏土膨胀的体积为基准,矿化度为5 134.5 mg/L的处理污水的膨胀率为282.9%,而蒸馏水的膨胀率为392.25%,说明该处理污水可抑制黏土膨胀,适合回注.当处理污水pH值为7.0~7.3时,黏土膨胀率在194.7%~210.0%,结垢量在4.3~6.7 mg/L;污水中悬浮物、含油量控制在10 mg/L以下时,其对岩心渗透率的伤害在20%以下.因此,只要适当控制港东采油污水的pH和悬浮物、油含量,其回注是可行的.     

电渗析处理含聚合物污水研究

首次用电渗析对油田含聚合物污水进行脱盐处理 .研究了电压和流量对离子去除率的影响 :电压升高 ,去除率增大 ;流量增大 ,去除率减小 .研究了电压和流量对能耗的影响 :流量对能耗的影响很小 ,电压越高 ,能耗越大 .用降矿化度后的淡水配制的 1 0 0 0 mg/L聚合物溶液的黏度比用清水配制的高 1 1 .9m Pa· s,抗剪切性能也优于清水配制的聚合物溶液 ,因此完全可以代替清水进行聚合物驱油 .该技术能减少含聚污水外排对环境造成的污染 ,实现含聚污水的闭路循环     

油田污水回注中环境控制技术综述

油田产出污水是在油气钻井、开采、处理过程中必然的伴生物，也是石油工业中对环境造成危害的一大污染源。本文从综合治理、合理利用油田污水的角度出发，探讨了对油田污水应用环境控制技术，以治标和治本相结合，从石油工程的工艺本身和改进工艺过程减少油田污水的产出量和提高油田污水的回注利用率，从而显著改进环境质量，充分利用水资源的可能性，也讨论了当前在油田污水治理和回注利用方面应加强研究的几个问题。     

油田含聚污水的处理现状与研究进展

油田含聚污水是伴随三次采油技术的应用而产生的污水,目前已成为油田采油污水处理的难点和相关领域研究的热点。本文从油田含聚污水的处理工艺、新型絮凝剂的研制、聚丙烯酰胺的降解以及其它污水处理方法等方面入手,对我国油田含聚污水的处理技术进行了介绍,重点对油田含聚污水的处理工艺和聚丙烯酰胺的降解进行了综述。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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