Biological effects of radioactive <Superscript>9</Superscript>C-ion beams on cells

~~Biological effects of radioactive ~9C-ion beams on cells@A.Kitagawa$National Institute of Radiological Sciences,Chiba 263-8555, Japan @T, Kanai$National Institute of Radiological Sciences,Chiba 263-8555, Japan @M. Kanazawa$National Institute of Radiological Sciences,Chiba 263-8555, Japan @Y .Furusawa$National Institute of Radiological Sciences,Chiba 263-8555, Japan @E. Urakabe$National Institute of Radiological Sciences,Chiba 263-8555, Japan1.Castro,J.R.,Results …     

降能片对12C6+束流影响的Geant4模拟

利用Geant4模拟每核子能量在80~360 MeV内碳离子束（¹²C⁶⁺）穿过靶质量厚度为0.5~4.0 g/cm2的有机玻璃、 铝、 铜和铅后的角度歧离值和能量歧离值, 并对比单能碳离子束直接进入水中和经降能片后再进入水中的Bragg峰. 模拟结果表明: 碳离子束的能量越高、 降能片的质量厚度和原子序数越小, 碳离子束经过降能片后的角度歧离和能量歧离值越小, 其Bragg峰所受影响也越小. 即若仅考虑角度歧离和能量歧离, 则低原子序数的材料更适合做降能片.     

Modulation structure stability of heat-treated Co/C and CoN/CN soft X-ray multilayers

Modulation structure stability of Co/C and CoN/CN soft X ray multilayers has been investigated by X ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The graphitization of the amorphous carbon layers in Co/C multilayers causes a period expansion of 12% at annealing temperatures below 400℃. An enormous period expansion (～40%) induced by the crystallization and agglomeration of Co layers has been observed at 500℃. While the period expansion of CoN/CN multilayers is only 4% at 400℃. The interface pattern of the CoN/CN multilayers still exists even if they were annealed at 700℃. The relatively good thermal stability of CoN/CN multilayers can be attributed to the suppression of the formation of the sp 3 bonding and, at annealing temperatures higher than the phase transition temperature of 420℃ (from hcp to fcc), the coexistence of hcp and fcc Co structures through doping nitrogen.     

低速冲击下钢筋混凝土深梁抗冲击性能及其损伤评估

为研究钢筋混凝土深梁在低速冲击下的抗冲击性能和损伤机理,采用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对不同冲击速度下深梁动力响应进行模拟.分析深梁的动态损伤过程及横截面的损伤分布,采用截面损伤因子对钢筋混凝土深梁的损伤程度进行定量评估;进一步分析边界条件、冲击位置对深梁抗冲击性能和损伤的影响.分析结果表明:建立的模型可以合...     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的力学性能及拱效应分析

对锈蚀率为0%,3%,6%,9%,12%,15%,18%的钢筋混凝土梁进行力学试验,分析试验梁的挠度、钢筋应变等指标随荷载及锈蚀率的变化规律,揭示不同锈蚀率钢筋混凝土梁受荷过程钢筋应力传递规律,以及荷载等级、钢筋锈蚀率与锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的拱效应关系.结果表明:钢筋锈蚀会引起钢筋与混凝土间粘结性能退化,钢筋应力呈现由跨中向两端传递的趋势,锈蚀梁承载机理趋于拱效应,锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的拱效应随着荷载等级与钢筋锈蚀率的增加而增强.     

Molecule modification and mass deposition induced by the implantation of low energy Fe+ ion beams into amino acids

Fe⁺ ion beams with the energy of 110 keV were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine (HSCH₂CH(NH₂)COOH). One of the single crystals grown in hydrochloric acid solution with the implanted samples through slow evaporation was structurally characterized by the X-ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 1.8534(4) nm, b = 0.5234(1) nm, c = 0.7212(1) nm, β= 103.72°, V = 0.67965(3) nm³, Z = 4, F(000) = 144.0, D{clac} = 1.763 g · cm⁻³, μ(MoK _a = 1.06 mm⁻¹, T = 293(2) K. R = 0.0379, wR = 0.0835 for 660 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The structural formula of the crystal compound is (CH₂CH(NH₂)NO₂)ClFe (M _r = 180.38 u). Products of heavy ion beam irradiation were purified and it was directly confirmed that the implanted Fe⁺ ions had been deposited in the novel molecules. The same doses of Fe⁺ ion beams of the same energy were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate. FTIR spectroscopy of the implanted samples proved that some of the original molecules were seriously damaged and significant modifications were induced.     

小波分析在钢筋混凝土梁损伤识别中的应用

为识别钢筋混凝土简支梁的损伤状况,对简支梁进行了逐级加载实验,每级加荷后卸荷,观测梁的裂缝,并测定梁的动力反应. 将钢筋混凝土简支梁作为无限自由度体系,并对该体系的动力方程进行小波变换,得到多尺度下的结构动力响应表达式. 信号经多尺度分解后,包含了信号中更多的结构损伤信息. 基于此,用DASP信号处理系统对钢筋混凝土简支梁各损伤阶段的动态信号进行二进制小波分解,通过分析各频段的波形,确定了梁的损伤.     

Preparation of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with a mutation of human factor Ⅸ in large scale and its expression in vitro and in vivo

A series of adeno-associated viral vectors containing a mutation of human factor Ⅸ (hFⅨR338A) with different regulation elements were constructed and used to transduce cell lines. The plasmids and the stable transduction cell clones with high expression level of hFⅨR338A were obtained by selecting and optimizing, and then, the recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with hFⅨR338A was prepared via novel rHSV/AAV hybrid virus packaging system on a large scale, which contained the capsid protein genes. A method for producing rAAV-hFⅨR338A viral stocks on a large scale and higher titer was established, which can be used for industrial purpose. The titer of rAAV-hFⅨR338A was more than 1.25×10¹² particle/mL, and then, a mammalian cell line, C2C12 and the factor Ⅸ knock-out mice were transfected with the rAAV-hFⅨR338A in vitro and in vivo. The results show that the high-level expression of rAAV-hFⅨR338A was achieved in cell line and hemophilia B mice. It reached at (2551.32±92.14) ng·(10⁶ cells)^-1·(24 h)^-1 in C2C12 cell in vitro and had a peak concentration of 463.28 ng/mL in mice treated with rAAV-hFⅨR338A, which was as high as the expression of rAAV-hFⅨ-wt (2565.76±64.36) ng·(10⁶ cells)^-1·(24 h)^-1 in C2C12 and 453.92 ng/mL in the mice treated with rAAV-hFⅨ-wt) in vitro and in vivo, there is no any difference between two groups, but the clotting activity of hFⅨR338A is about 2.46 times higher than that of hFⅨ-wt. It was first reported that a mutation of human factor Ⅸ was used into gene therapy research for hemophilia B, meanwhile, a novel packaging system, rAAV/HSV was used for preparation of rAAV-hFⅨR338A on a large scale, which laid the foundation of industrial production for applying rAAV viral stocks to gene therapy clinical trial for hemophilia B mediated with rAAV-hFⅨ.     

中能重离子反应中中子-质子有效质量劈裂的研究

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了~(112)Sn+~(112)Sn,~(124)Sn+~(124)Sn和~(132)Sn+~(132)Sn在能量为50,100,200MeV/u的反应系统中,不同中子-质子有效质量劈裂对原子核阻止和中子、质子发射数的影响.结果表明:中子-质子有效质量劈裂对原子核阻止和中子、质子发射数有很明显影响,且原子核阻止和中子、质子发射数随着有效质量劈裂的增加而递减.可以通过实验测定的原子核阻止和中子、质子发射数来确定中子-质子有效质量劈裂的值.     

Emittance and brightness measurement of a high voltage pseudospark electron beam

This is a report of the emittance and brightness measurement of an electron beam produced in a pseudospark discharge device driven by a pulse line accelerator. A ten-gap pseudospark device was operated at 200 kV, in a nitrogen gas fill pressure of 15 Pa. The typical value of emittance was measured to be 47 mn mrad about 5 cm downstream of the anode plane. The dependence of the beam current, HWHM emittance, the normalized emittance, and the normalized brightness on the axial distance from the anode were obtained. The highest brightness is about 2.7 × 10¹²A/(mrad)² near the anode, and is still higher than 10¹⁰A/(mrad)², 160 mm downstream of the anode. Such a high quality electron beam can be used for Raman free electron laser, X ray laser producing, and high power microwave.     

Structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex provides insights into programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans

Interplay among four genes--egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3--controls the onset of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Activation of the cell-killing protease CED-3 requires CED-4. However, CED-4 is constitutively inhibited by CED-9 until its release by EGL-1. Here we report the crystal structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex at 2.6 A resolution, and a complete reconstitution of the CED-3 activation pathway using homogeneous proteins of CED-4, CED-9 and EGL-1. One molecule of CED-9 binds to an asymmetric dimer of CED-4, but specifically recognizes only one of the two CED-4 molecules. This specific interaction prevents CED-4 from activating CED-3. EGL-1 binding induces pronounced conformational changes in CED-9 that result in the dissociation of the CED-4 dimer from CED-9. The released CED-4 dimer further dimerizes to form a tetramer, which facilitates the autoactivation of CED-3. Together, our studies provide important insights into the regulation of cell death activation in C. elegans.     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

新型竹—木—GFRP夹层梁的受弯性能试验

为研究竹—木—GFRP夹层梁的受弯性能,设计以泡桐木作为芯材,竹、GFRP作为面层的夹层梁试件,对夹层梁试件进行了等芯材厚度和等梁高两组四点弯静载试验,得出各试件的破坏现象、破坏荷载并绘制荷载—位移曲线。研究结果表明:竹材部分替代GFRP作为面层的一部分,可降低成本,防止加载点处局部破坏;设置泡桐木纤维沿梁长度方向有利于提高夹层梁的受弯性能;芯材厚度不变的情况下,竹材加固夹层梁有极高的性价比,而使用GFRP面层则能显著提高夹层梁的弯曲刚度;梁高不变的情况下,夹层梁的弯曲刚度、极限荷载分别随竹材与GFRP厚度的增加而增大。竹—木—GFRP夹层梁跨中截面应变分布基本满足平截面假定。换算截面法可作为竹—木—GFRP夹层梁应力计算依据,使用考虑剪切变形的铁木辛柯梁理论计算竹—木—GFRP夹层梁的跨中挠度有着不错的精度。     

Ovicidal activity of two fungal pathogens （Hyphomycetes）against Tetranychus cinnabarinus （Acarina：Tetranichidae）

The carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinna-barinus, is an economically important pest that devastates varieties of crops worldwide and develops significant resistance to common chemical pesticides, most of which lack ovicidal activity. In the present study, two isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Beuaveria bassiana SG8702 and Pae-cilomyces fumosoroseus Pfrl53, were bioassayed against T. cinnabarinus eggs at 25 ℃ under a photophase of 12 : 12 (L:D). Infected eggs on Vicia faba var. minor leaves failed to hatch due to distortion and shrinkage and had fungal outgrowths when maintained under moist conditions. Sprays of B. bassiana conidia to T. cinnabarinus eggs (on leaves) at the concentrations of 58, 298 and 1306 conidia/mm2 (3 replicates per concentration and 35-65 fresh mite eggs per replicate) resulted in corrected egg mortalities of 20.4±4.2%, 36.0±7.6% and 64.6±12.5% (F=43.14, P <0.01), respectively; sprays of P. fumosoroseus at 129, 402 and 2328 conidia/mm2 caused egg mortalities of 16.1±11.1%,     

钢筋混凝土梁梁在冲击作用初期的惯性力分布

冲击荷载会对钢筋混凝土梁产生严重损伤,冲击破坏往往是冲击初期造成的。冲击初期（冲击力到达支座前）冲击力完全由惯性力抵抗,不同时刻的内力分布与惯性力的分布情况密切相关。对冲击荷载下的RC梁（Reinforced Concrete Beam）进行有限元模拟（ANSYS/LS-DYNA）,分析了冲击初期RC梁的惯性力与内力分布情况。结果表明：冲击初期,冲击力以应力波的形式逐渐向支点传递,冲击力由静止点内梁的惯性力平衡;梁体的冲击力传导可分为三个阶段,即应力波沿梁高方向传导、沿梁长度方向传导与冲击力到达支座后;不同阶段的惯性力分布情况不同,且惯性力的分布影响梁体的剪力和弯矩以及梁的破坏形态。     

Discovery of Permian islandarc basalts in the Cenxi area and the tectonic significance

Cenxi Permian basalts are the late Palaeozoic island-arc type basalts first found in South China. REE and trace element characteristics and distribution patterns show that this volcanic formation, which has been isotopically dated at 261 MaB. P. by the³⁹Ar/⁴⁰Ar method, is of an active continental marginal island arc type, and that the tectonic environment at that time was an island-arc marginal sea or minor ocean basin related with the paleo-Tethyan tectonic belt in western Guangdongeastern Guangxi.     

A numerical method to simulate the coupled oscillations of flexible structures in flowing fluids

A numerical method is developed to simulate the coupled phenomena in a fluid-flexible-structure system. Specifically, a two-dimensional panel method is used to calculate the hydrodynamic forces and a modal superposition method is adopted to solve the governing equation of an Eulerian beam. The stability boundary of a single flexible beam in a uniform flow is calculated and compared with previous results to verify the validity of the code. The flow-induced flapping of a single and two flexible bodies for S=1.0, U*=7.0 are investigated. For the flow-induced vibration of a single beam, the oscillation frequency is close to the secondary natural frequency of a cantilever. For two parallel flexible beams, they oscillate in phase when the non-dimensional separating distance H<0.25. When H>0.25, the out-of-phase mode occurs with a jump in frequency. When H>1, the interaction between the two beams decouples and the frequency and forces of each beam revert to behavior associated with a single beam in the same flow. Simulations of coupled-flapping of two tandem flexible structures proved that the drag acting on the upstream body is reduced while for that downstream drag is obviously increased when the structures are closely arranged. The numerical results obtained in the present work are qualitatively consistent with early experimental results.     

14C measurement of forest soils in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve

Organic carbon in forest soils of Qingyunsi and Wukesong profiles can be divided into fast and slow components. Δ 14C values of these profiles decrease with increasing of depth. The Δ 14C values in 30-40 cm depth interval of Wukesong profile are decreasing sharply until a very low value, showing that a strong geological environment change occurred about 1 560 years ago. The 14C apparent ages of Wukesong profile show that the coniferous and broad-leaf mixed forests around Wukesong profile have been developing since 425 a BP, which is consistent with historical documents. The penetrating depths of "bomb 14C" in Qingyunsi and Wukesong profiles are 10 and 20 cm, respectively.     

用非相干叠加法研究部分相干光在湍流大气中的光束扩展

以高斯谢尔模型(GSM)光束作为部分相干光的典型例子,研究了部分相干光在湍流大气中的光束扩展.基于广义的惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用将GSM光束用高阶厄米-高斯光束的非相干叠加的方法得到了GSM光束在湍流大气中的均方根束宽表达式.研究表明,光束的扩展随着湍流大气的折射率结构常数C2n的增大而加剧,并且有较小相干长度σμ的GSM光束受湍流大气的影响比有较大σμ的GSM光束小.     

Apparent ages of suspended sediment and soil erosion of the Pearl River (Zhujiang) drainage basin

The carbon isotopic composition (Δ 14 C,δ 13 C) and apparent ages of suspended sediment were determined in the Pearl River in the years 1998,2000 and 2005.These results indicate that suspended POC consists mostly of young carbon and some old carbon.Apparent ages of suspended POC range from 540 to 2050 a BP.The apparent ages are older in the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers,while these values are variable in the Dongjiang River,including old and young samples.The suspended POCδ 13 C values increase with increasin...