岩石双面剪切细观试验装置的研制及应用

为研究岩石的双面剪切细观损伤力学特性,自主研制岩石双面剪切细观试验装置。研究岩石材料的双面剪切强度和变形特性;利用细观观测系统和声发射系统,研究岩石双面剪切破坏过程的细观损伤力学特性;进行烘干砂岩非限制性双面剪切细观力学特性试验,获得双面剪切应力应变曲线、左右预定剪切面附近裂纹演化过程和细观裂纹分布特征。研究结果表明:岩石的双面剪切细观演化过程和裂纹形态分布与相同条件下单剪试验结果相比存在明显差异,利用该装置进行不同条件下的岩石双面剪切细观试验,可以从基于细观的损伤力学角度研究岩石双面剪切破坏机理。     

高温作用后黄砂岩三轴压缩及细观破裂机制

为了研究高温损伤作用后黄砂岩的压缩力学性质和细观破裂机制的变化情况,对高温损伤作用后的黄砂岩进行三轴压缩实验,并对黄砂岩压缩断口进行扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)试验,系统地分析了高温损伤对黄砂岩压缩破坏特征、压缩强度及断口细观特征的影响。通过三轴压缩实验发现:随着轴压的不断增加,温度对于黄砂岩整体强度影响更为明显;初始高温损伤程度的增加,黄砂岩三轴抗压强度呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,塑性应变程度增加;细观断口形貌主要以脆性断裂为主,局部范围内存在韧性断裂,随着温度的增加,晶体结构内部中裂纹发育更为完整,从而导致岩石宏观破坏越严重。     

岩石细观损伤过程的CT动态观测

采用宏观轴向应力与密度损伤增量结合分析岩石纲观损伤演化过程。根据ＣＴ图像可以求得岩石损伤过程中任意应力阶段任意区域岩石密度损伤增量,首次将任意区域岩石压密和扩容定量化。岩石密度损伤增量不仅可以反映岩石损伤程度,而且可以描述岩石损伤演化过程。进一步讨论表明,岩石密度损伤增量场能圆满地刻画岩石细观损伤状态和岩石细观损伤过程。     

高温水冷后花岗岩微观孔径及渗透性分析

高温热处理后岩石的物理力学性质的变化与其内部孔隙结构的改变有关.以高温水冷处理后的两种花岗岩为研究对象,进行了气体渗透试验,研究了其渗透性随温度的演化规律及微观孔隙结构的变化,并利用比表面积及孔径分析测试从微观层面分析了高温水冷处理后花岗岩的损伤演化和裂隙发育机理,为宏观物理性质改变提供了理论依据.结果表明,两种不同的...     

基于CT试验的矽卡岩冻融细观损伤扩展机理

利用岩石CT扫描技术对冻融循环作用下的矽卡岩试样进行扫描,得到了不同冻融循环次数下矽卡岩的冻融损伤结构劣化特征.运用数字图像处理技术对矽卡岩的损伤结构劣化特征进行提取,初步分析了冻融循环过程中矽卡岩内部裂隙损伤的演化过程.根据岩石损伤力学,选取以图像像素点数量所表示的损伤变量,建立了矽卡岩损伤变量与冻融循环次数间的关系曲线,以此对矽卡岩的细观损伤扩展机理进行了定量研究.研究结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,矽卡岩损伤变量呈现先降后增的变化规律;受冻融条件影响,矽卡岩细观损伤劣化程度也随之增大.     

单轴压缩下岩石断口裂纹的分形特征研究

为了对岩石断口进行细观分析,以大理岩为例,借助MTS岩石伺服试验系统,进行单轴加载实验直至破坏,获取了四类不同破坏载荷下大理岩断口试件。运用扫描电镜拍摄了岩石破坏断口裂纹的细观结构图像,综合应用图像分析技术和分形几何理论,编制了Matlab程序,计算出细观结构图像的分形维数,并简要分析了大理岩细观结构具有的分形特征。结果表明:大理岩表现出良好的自相似性;其断口的分形维数与破坏载荷之间具有一定的相关性。     

高温遇水冷却岩石循环加卸载力学性能试验研究

为研究高温遇水冷却后不同岩性岩石在循环加卸载条件下的物理特性和力学响应特征的变化规律,对高温遇水冷却后的花岗岩、大理岩及绿砂岩试件分别开展了单轴压缩和循环加卸载试验. 结果表明,当加热温度超过400 °C后,三类岩石的体积增长率显著增加,400 °C可以作为三类岩石物理参数发生突变的阈值温度.总体上,三类热处理水冷却岩石的单轴抗压强度随温度的升高而降低,但花岗岩在200 °C温度处理后峰值强度比常温时有所增加. 在循环荷载作用下,花岗岩滞回曲线接近于线性,上限应力较高且不可逆变形小;而绿砂岩和大理岩的上限应力低于花岗岩且变形较大.相同温度热冲击下滞回环宽度大小顺序为绿砂岩>大理岩>花岗岩.随循环次数的增加,三类高温遇水冷却岩样的塑性变形减小,弹性模量增大,试件强度较单轴压缩均有提高;随温度升高,破坏面裂纹更为发育,破裂岩屑更为细碎.      

冻结温度影响下岩石细观损伤演化CT扫描

岩石冻融过程的细观损伤研究是近年来冻融损伤研究的一个新方向。岩石中的水分一般含有各种盐分,而盐分的存在降低了水的冰点,同时岩石本身的结构构造和力学性能也有差异性,这就使岩石冻结问题更为复杂。采用3种不同岩样,首先使其饱水,然后将其分别降低到0℃,-10℃和-20℃,利用CT扫描实验技术,研究了不同冻结温度条件下岩石内部的细观损伤扩展机理、水分迁移、冰的形成及其损伤结构的变化。利用区段划分和区段统计频率分析损伤演化过程,对寒区岩土工程的研究具有重要意义。     

高温下页岩水化损伤的各向异性实验研究

为了研究高温页岩水化损伤的各向异性特征,以龙马溪页岩为例,利用FEI Qemscan 650F型矿物定量分析-热场发射环境扫描电子显微镜(EDS-FESEM),系统观察不同温度、压力和浸泡时间下页岩平行层理和垂直层理面特征黏土矿物及微观结构变化特征.研究结果表明,龙马溪页岩细观尺度的各向异性引起页岩水化特征存在明显区别,即平行层理面表现为大量微纳米溶蚀孔伴生发育的原生裂隙膨胀、闭合、塌陷的损伤模式,而垂直层理面表现为大量微纳米长石矿物溶蚀孔隙的损伤模式.相同浸泡时间和压力下,温度越高页岩细观结构的水化损伤越快;相同温度和压力下,随着浸泡时间增加,页岩细观结构的水化程度先增大后逐渐趋于平缓,温度升高减小了页岩水化特征时间,其内在联系需进一步开展实验探讨.     

岩石宏细观弹塑性损伤破坏对比研究

为了考虑岩石内细观局部塑性变形,基于应变空间理论导出岩石弹塑性损伤增量本构方程,提出了在计算程序中用破坏单元网格消去法清晰模拟裂纹扩展的方法,解决了有限元模拟裂纹的难题,分别从宏观尺度和细观尺度研究了岩石Ⅰ型裂纹弹塑性损伤破坏问题.对比分析表明,宏观尺度研究Ⅰ型裂纹扩展符合断裂力学理论分析;细观尺度研究岩石破坏过程能深入解释细观破坏机理,岩石宏观破坏直接与其内部的细观损伤破坏有关;三维数值模拟破坏过程比二维破坏更为复杂;大理岩偏三点弯曲梁弹塑性损伤破坏数值模拟得到的结果与试验结果较为吻合,验证了新建细观尺度模型模拟岩石破坏问题的合理性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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