膨胀管分离装置设计参数的敏感性分析

采用ANSYS/LY-DYNA对膨胀管分离装置的爆炸分离过程进行仿真分析. 针对影响分离装置分离性能的主要设计参数建立有限元模型,对分离性能进行预示和分析,获取炸药索装药量、削弱槽处的厚度、削弱槽倒圆半径、分离板厚度、分离板韧性、扁平管硬度和填充物硬度等相关设计参数对分离装置性能的影响. 结果表明：炸药索装药量和分离板厚度对分离性能影响较大.     

基于非对称流场流分离技术的蛋白分离研究

通过对肌红蛋白和牛血清白蛋白混合蛋白样品分离,研究了非对称流场流分离技术(AF4)分离蛋白时需要优化的参数及各个参数对分离效果的影响。首先应用正交设计实验考察样品进样量、横向流速、进检测器流速、聚焦时间对分离效果的影响,得到最大影响因素为横向流速,最优分离条件为:样品进样量20μL、横向流速5mL/min、进检测器流速0.2mL/min、聚焦时间6min。经验证此最优分离条件下分离度达到2.5。随后在最优分离条件下分别考察膜材料、缓冲盐浓度、分离腔室厚度对非对称流场流分离效果的影响。结果表明,截留膜选用再生纤维素膜,流动相缓冲盐浓度为20mmol/L时,满足非对称流场流分离技术分离蛋白样品的分离要求,随着腔室厚度的提高,分离度进一步增大。     

基于静电纺丝的高效油水分离膜装置

采用静电纺丝技术在多孔聚乙烯瓶上沉积聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维膜,制备了具有高效油水分离性能的分离膜装置。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FITR)和接触角测试对PAN纤维膜的形貌、表面官能团、亲疏水性进行了表征,并通过吸油实验、油水分离实验评价了分离膜装置对不同油类的吸收性能及不同油水混合物的分离能力。结果表明分离膜装置表面的PAN纤维膜具有大量孔结构和表面亲油疏水特性,其赋予该分离膜装置优异的油水分离性能,对多种油水混合物实现近100%分离,且循环分离稳定性好。分离膜装置内部的多孔聚乙烯瓶为分离膜装置表面PAN纤维提供了有效力学支撑,同时可作为收集器存储经膜分离的油或水。分离完成后可利用适宜的除油剂清洗、再生,再生后的分离膜装置结构完整,仍能保持很高分离效率。     

高分子分离膜及其分离技术

对气体混合物或液体混合物具有分离功能的膜状高分子材料,称之为分离膜。分离膜就目前而言,主要有离子交换膜、透析膜、微孔过滤膜、超过滤膜、逆渗透膜、气体分离膜、渗透蒸发膜(有机液体分离膜)和液体膜等种类。高分子分离膜及其分离技术能对低浓度、分子结构类似、分子间作用力近似,以及难以分离的系统和热敏性配合物实现有效的分离。它与其他分离方法相比,具有能量消耗少、工艺连续和装置结构     

盲源分离技术研究与方法综述

结合盲源分离的发展状况,叙述盲源分离技术三种基本分类:单通道、多通道盲源分离;线性、非线性盲源分离;正定、超定和欠定盲源分离。在此基础上,对近年来出现的各种盲源分离方法归类,并分析每类方法的原理,最后,结合海内外研究近况,对现有存在的问题及将来发展做出了展望。     

对教考分离工作的思考

教考分离工作是高校考试工作改革的必然趋势。本文从实施教考分离的模式入手,阐述了教考分离模式、完善教考分离的措施、实效及教考分离存在的问题,对当前教考分离工作的实施具有一定的借鉴作用。     

叶片式气液分离内件数值模拟及对比分析

气液分离广泛采用叶片式分离元件,叶片形式、叶片间距、叶片高度、液滴粒径、液滴含量和主体流速等因素均影响元件的分离性能。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟软件ANSYS FLUENT对3种叶片式气液分离元件(NH-TP、NC-TP和TP叶片)进行数值模拟及对比分析,得到各因素对分离效率及压降的影响,并对叶片的工况适应性进行了分析。结果表明：NH-TP的间距应大于20 mm,否则容易导致压差过大,而NC-TP和TP间距可取10 mm;液滴粒径大于20μm时在各种速度下均可获得较高分离效率,而小液滴仅在理想重力分离和理想惯性分离工况下较高;惯性分离速度下的分离效率与叶片高度无关,主体分离速度低时分离效率随着板高增加而降低;不同形式叶片的最差工况速度不同,但NH-TP在最差工况下仍能保持较高分离效率,对工况的适应能力最好,开槽的NC-TP次之,TP叶片适应能力最差。     

U型管油水分离特性及影响研究

目前T型管式分离技术分离效率较低,为提高油水分离效率,提出一种U型管式分离结构.为验证新型管式分离结构的性能,利用Fluent定量研究了外部参数对U型管油水分离装置内部流场的变化规律,主要研究因素包括入口速度、入口含油率、旋转半径、油滴粒径等参数对U型管分离效率的影响.主要得出如下结论:混合物入口速度对分离效率影响较大,随着入口速度的增大,油水分离率分离率减小;油水分离率随着U型管旋转半径增大而增大,但当旋转半径超过0.6 m时,分离效率不再显著增加;油水分离率随着油滴粒径的增大而逐渐提高.研究结论为油水分离U型管设计提供了参考.     

三份铬配阳离子化合物的离子交换分离与光谱测定

本文利用离子交换法分离三价铬配阳离子化合物.对于研究离子配合物的分离有较突出的理论意义。同时在制取、提纯无机盐的高纯化合物以及配离子分离、鉴定方面都有重要使用价值。本文一是对三价铬配阳离子进行离子交换分离；二是对分离后的配离子进行光谱测定。     

基于蒙特卡洛模拟的导弹级间分离干扰仿真

级间分离的稳定性、可靠性关系到主级导弹的稳定飞行,采用蒙特卡洛方法对干扰作用下的导弹级间分离进行模拟仿真。首先分析影响级间分离过程的各种随机干扰因素,在此基础上建立了包含随机干扰因素的分离动力学数学模型,然后利用蒙特卡洛方法和随机干扰参数对分离过程进行仿真。仿真结果表明,各种干扰作用下助推级和主级可安全分离。蒙特卡洛方法可快速对级间分离潜在风险以及失败概率进行预测,同时也能定量评估各项干扰因素对分离的影响程度。     

酶促核苷类化合物酯类衍生物的合成

核苷类化合物酯类衍生物在功能高分子材料、寡聚核苷酸和医药化学等领域具有重要的应用价值。本文就近年来核苷类化合物酯类衍生物酶法合成的研究进行综述。     

Crystal structure of a concentrative nucleoside transporter from Vibrio cholerae at 2.4 Å

Nucleosides are required for DNA and RNA synthesis, and the nucleoside adenosine has a function in a variety of signalling processes. Transport of nucleosides across cell membranes provides the major source of nucleosides in many cell types and is also responsible for the termination of adenosine signalling. As a result of their hydrophilic nature, nucleosides require a specialized class of integral membrane proteins, known as nucleoside transporters (NTs), for specific transport across cell membranes. In addition to nucleosides, NTs are important determinants for the transport of nucleoside-derived drugs across cell membranes. A wide range of nucleoside-derived drugs, including anticancer drugs (such as Ara-C and gemcitabine) and antiviral drugs (such as zidovudine and ribavirin), have been shown to depend, at least in part, on NTs for transport across cell membranes. Concentrative nucleoside transporters, members of the solute carrier transporter superfamily SLC28, use an ion gradient in the active transport of both nucleosides and nucleoside-derived drugs against their chemical gradients. The structural basis for selective ion-coupled nucleoside transport by concentrative nucleoside transporters is unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of a concentrative nucleoside transporter from Vibrio cholerae in complex with uridine at 2.4??. Our functional data show that, like its human orthologues, the transporter uses a sodium-ion gradient for nucleoside transport. The structure reveals the overall architecture of this class of transporter, unravels the molecular determinants for nucleoside and sodium binding, and provides a framework for understanding the mechanism of nucleoside and nucleoside drug transport across cell membranes.     

离子液体中核苷类似物的合成

核苷类似物因其特殊的结构和良好的生物活性,在药物化学领域中占有重要的地位.核苷类似物的高效和绿色合成是有机化学和药物化学的重要研究内容,本文着重介绍了在离子液体中具有重要生物活性的几种核苷类似物,如D4T,BVDU等的合成研究,并与经典的合成方法作了对比分析,结果表明用离子液体作介质的合成反应具有独特的优势.     

DNA microarray synthesis by using PDMS molecular stamps (Ⅲ)—— Optimization for the reaction conditions

Optimization for the technological processes of fabricating oligonucleotide microarray by the molecular stamping method is studied in this note. Three factors that affect the pressing coupling reactions of the nucleosides are focused on: the stability of the chemical activities of the reaction solutions, the contamination of the remain of the reactive nucleotides among the different spots on the chip, and the influence of the capping reaction on the hybridization result. The experiments show that the acetonitrile solution of tetrazole and nucleoside monomer could maintain sufficient reactive activity for more than 10 h. An effective method has been used and proved to eliminate the residual reactive nucleosides on chip with small molecules containing hydroxyl group. Finally, the capping step—a regular step in the conventional DNA chemical synthesis can be neglected in our on-chip DNA synthetic process, which would not affect its hybridization results.     

DNA microarray synthesis by using PDMS molecular stamps (Ⅲ)-- Optimization for the reaction conditions

Optimization for the technological processes of fabricating oligonucleotide microarray by the molecular stamping method is studied in this note. Three factors that affect the pressing coupling reactions of the nucleosides are focused on: the stability of the chemical activities of the reaction solutions, the contamination of the remain of the reactive nucleotides among the different spots on the chip, and the influence of the capping reaction on the hybridization result. The experiments show that the acetonitrile solution of tetrazole and nucleoside monomer could maintain sufficient reactive activity for more than 10 h. An effective method has been used and proved to eliminate the residual reactive nucleosides on chip with small molecules containing hydroxyl group. Finally, the capping step-- a regular step in the conventional DNA chemical synthesis can be neglected in our on-chip DNA synthetic process, which would not affect its hybridization results.     

Fluorescence quenching and the binding interaction of lumichrome with nucleic acids

The interaction of lumichrome (LC) as an endogenous fluorescence probe with nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleic acids has been studied by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, polarized fluorescence and viscosity. The fluorescence of LC was strongly quenched by a series of nucleic acids and their precursors. The influences of the medium, temperature and salt effects on LC-nucleobase and LC-nucleic acid complexes were investigated. The influences of polarized fluorescence, thermal denaturation and viscosity on LC-ctDNA interaction were examined. The results demonstrate that the main binding model of LC-ctDNA includes strong intercalating into the DNA helix chain.     

核磁共振跟踪反应法研究5—O—乙酰基—2.3-双脱氧-D.L-呋喃戊糖基氯的合成

以乙酸四氢呋喃甲酯为原料,通过自由基氯化反应,合成双脱氧核苷类抗艾滋病药物的重要中间体化合物5—0—乙酰基—2.3—双脱氧—D.L—吹喃戊糖基氯.对于此种不稳定的中间体化合物,用~1HNMR跟踪监测反应物的方法,研究了改变反应时间、反应温度和反应物摩尔比对反应产物的影响,获得了最佳的反应条件,使其收率从10％提高到50％左右.     

The Biochemical and Cytochemical Study of 5-nucleotldase Activity in Chilling-sensitive and Chilling-tolerant Rice Plasmalemma

5-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) can catalyze the hydrolysis of most ribonucleoside 5-monophosphates and deoxynucleoside 5-monophosphates to the corresponding nucleosides and orthophosphates. It is localized predominantly in the plasma membranes of human and animal tissues,and often used as a marker enzyme for plasma membranes in     

3-O-甲基-4，6-O-苯亚甲基-N-（2-吡啶基）-α-D-葡萄糖的合成研究

研究了以α-D-葡萄糖为原料,经异丙叉基保护、甲基化、苯亚甲基化等步骤合成了3-O-甲基-4,6-O-苯亚甲基-N-（2-吡啶基）-α-D-葡萄糖,产物经质谱、核磁共振谱及红外光谱对其进行了结构表征分析。N-杂环取代的糖类化合物是一种重要的医药和有机合成中间体,该类化合物将在合成糖基、核苷类似物、杂环化合物、糖多肽等具有潜在药理活性的化合物中具有广阔的应用前景．     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究进展

目的:介绍拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的进展概况。方法:查阅、分析、归纳有关文献。结果:拉米夫定能明显控制HBVDNA复制,血清谷丙转氨酶恢复正常,减少慢性乙型肝炎的反复复发。结论:拉米夫定是新一代核苷类抗乙肝病毒药物,可通过降低乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)依赖RNA的DNA多聚酶生物活性,明显抑制HBVDNA的合成,是治疗慢性乙型肝炎的新选择。