电化学法合成甘露醇

介绍了甘露醇的性质、用途,电化学法合成甘露醇的原理、工艺条件及研究进展.     

碘催化合成1,2∶5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料,碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇,考察了影响反应的因素,结果表明反应的最佳条件为:n(D-甘露醇)∶n(丙酮)∶n(碘)=1∶25∶0.002,反应温度为30℃～35℃,反应时间12h,产率可达79.4%。     

碘催化合成1,2:5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料，碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇，考察了影响反应的因素，结果表明反应的最佳条件为：n（D-甘露醇）：n（丙酮）：n（碘）=1：25：0．002，反应温度为30℃-35℃，反应时间12h，产率可达79．4％。     

硫酸氢钾催化合成1，2，5，6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料，硫酸氢钾作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇，考察了影响反应的因素，结果表明反应的最佳条件为：n（D-甘露醇）：n（丙酮）：n（硫酸氢钾）=1：20：2，反应温度为室温，反应时间15h，产率可达77．6％。     

结直肠癌术前肠道准备的临床比较

目的用番泻叶和甘露醇作为结直肠手术前肠道准备的泻药,服药后的病人的腹痛情况、术中肠腔清洁效果及术后肠功能恢复的时间等方面的差异。方法番泻叶组于手术前1 d天早8点到晚上10点将番泻叶100克加入2 000 mL沸水浸泡30 min后,取其悬液口服;甘露醇组于手术前1 d早8点到晚上10点口服20%甘露醇+10%葡萄糖500 mL。结果番泻叶和甘露醇肠道清洁效果一致无统计学意义,但口服番泻叶腹痛情况较甘露醇要轻,同时术后胃肠道功能恢复时间较甘露醇的快,并有统计学意义。结论综合考虑口服番泻叶比甘露醇作为术前肠道准备有明显优势。     

细菌内毒素检查法测定甘露醇注射液中的热原

目的：检测甘露醇注射液中的热源．方法：采用细菌内毒素检查法(鲎试剂法)检测、结果：甘露醇注射液对鲎试剂的凝聚反应无干扰作用.结论：鲎试剂法可以替代家兔热原法测定甘露醇注射液中的热原．     

布氏乳杆菌产生甘露醇的发酵研究

实验研究布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)CICC 6007发酵产生甘露醇。结果表明,在厌氧培养条件下,甘露醇的积累量与菌体生长量呈正相关性。在种子培养36 h,接种量(质量分数)为20%,pH值为6.5,温度为35℃,培养基总糖为150 g/L,其中果糖与葡萄糖的大约消耗比值为3∶1(质量比),培养48 h,甘露醇产量可达68.5 g/L,甘露醇对果糖转化率达到78.7%,为发酵法生产甘露醇奠定了基础。     

妇科手术前口服甘露醇与肥皂水灌肠效果的比较

目的：探讨妇科手术前口服甘露醇代替肥皂水清洁灌肠的临床疗效。方法：将80例行子宫全切术的患者，随机分为观察组40例，对照组40例。实验组口服20％甘露醇清洁肠道，对照组用0．2％肥皂水清洁灌肠，观察两组的舒适度、肠道的清洁度、术前1d夜间睡眠时间情况。结果：两组的清洁度比较无显著差异（P〉0．05），甘露醇清洁肠道同肥皂水清洁灌肠的疗效基本相同。舒适度比较有显著差异（P〈0．05），夜间睡眠时间比较有显著差异（P〈0．01），实验组优于对照组。结论：甘露醇清洁肠道疗效好、痛苦小、无副作用，妇科手术前可以代替肥皂水清洁灌肠。     

小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系的离体筛选及植株再生Ⅰ

目的 离体筛选小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系并再生植株。方法 以耐盐系小麦850512r的幼穗和幼胚为外植体诱导胚性愈伤组织。以所得到的胚性愈伤组织为起始材料，采用一步和多步正筛选法离体筛选耐甘露醇变异细胞系。结果 成功获得小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系，并再生植株。结论 小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系的离体筛选并再生植株成功，证明在细胞水平上筛选并获得具有潜在耐水分胁迫特性的小麦新品系是完全可能的。     

阿片类药物中毒患者使用甘露醇的急救护理

目的:探讨由胃肠道吸收的阿片类药物中毒患使用甘露醇,以促进药物从肠道排泄,挽救生命的护理要点。方法:对收治的46例体内异物包装破损,导致阿片类药物中毒患者,在严密观察病情同时,常规使用纳洛酮,同时使用20%甘露醇导泻,收到满意效果。结果:37例患者在2h内解稀水样便,9例患者2 h内仍无排便,继予追加20%甘露醇200 mL口服一次,所有患者均在入院后18 h开始排出体内异物,吞服异物最多的一例患者,于94 h全部排出体内异物。结论:对由胃肠道吸收的阿片类药物中毒患者,利用甘露醇的不同给药途径,达到导泻、脱水、利尿,促进药物的排泄,收到满意效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the