Aqueous phase synthesis and fluorescence properties of inverted core/shell ZnSe/CdSe nanocrystals

We report a facile aqueous phase synthesis for prepar-ing water-soluble inverted core/shell ZnSe/CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and their optical properties were investigated by using UV-vis-NIR spectropho-tometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results indicate that the synthesized ZnSe/CdSe nanocrystals are inverted core/shell structure with diameter of about 5 nm. Furthermore,their absorption band-edge is red-shifted with the growth of CdSe shell; correspondingly,their emission wavelength can be tuned from 460 nm to 604 nm.     

VC辊平整机板形调控性能的研究

以某厂连续退火平整机为研究对象,利用ANSYS有限元软件建立VC辊系静力学仿真模型,并研究了弯辊力、VC辊油压、轧辊辊径和辊套厚度对连续退火平整机板形控制能力的影响.结果表明,无论内、外弯辊如何配合,都不能达到只改变四次凸度的目的,不可能只通过内、外弯辊的配合来消除高次浪形;外弯辊的调控功效比内弯辊增大42%; VC辊油压的调控效果主要体现在二次凸度的改变上,改变油压后对四次凸度的影响不大;当VC辊承载时,油压不能始终保持辊套向外涨,承载时辊套可能发生反弯,向芯辊内凹陷;与大辊径相比,小辊径弯辊和油压的调控效果会增加,但辊缝横向刚度会降低;辊套壁厚的减小会使VC辊油压的调控能力有所提高.     

Shape controllable preparations of PbS nanocrystals using cysteine as the precursor of S^2- ions

Flowerlike, spherical and cubic PbS nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by refluxing cysteine and lead nitrate in an alkaline solu- tion. The influences of the cysteine to Pb2 molar ratio, the pH value of the reaction mixture as well as the refluxing time on the shape of PbS nanoparticles were investigated. Detailed experimental results demonstrated that a higher molar ratio of cysteine to Pb2 (5.2:1) and shorter refluxing time favor the for- mation of flowerlike PbS nanoparticles at pH 9.0. While lower pH value (8.0) favors the formation of spherical PbS nanoparticles, and higher pH value (10.0), however, favors the formation of cubic PbS nanoparticles. The mechanism for the shape control of PbS nanoparticles is discussed.     

Shape control technology during electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes were prepared by adding gold precursor (HAuCl₄) to an electrolyzed aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and KNO₃, which indicates the good reducing capacity of the PVP-containing solution after being treated by electrolysis. Using a catholyte and an anolyte as the reducing agents for HAuCl₄, respectively, most gold nanoparticles were spherical particles in the former case but plate-like particles in the latter case. The change in the pH value of electrolytes caused by the electrolysis of water would be the origin of the differences in shape and morphology of gold nanoparticles. A hypothesis of the H+ or OH? catalyzed PVP degradation mechanism was proposed to interpret why the pH value played a key role in determining the shape or morphology of gold nanoparticles. These experiments open up a new method for effectively controlling the shape and morphology of metal nanoparticles by using electrochemical methods.     

一类有理插值样条的形状控制分析

通过分析一类有理三次插值样条函数,得出其形状参数对插值曲线形状的影响,揭示了该类有理样条可保形的原因,并通过图形进行了直观演示.     

微乳液法制备CdSe/CdS核壳纳米粒子及表征

研究了SDS/异戊醇/环己烷/水所组成的四元微乳体系,并将该体系用于CdSe及CdSe/CdS(核壳结构)纳米粒子的制备.在反应过程中以紫外可见吸收光谱考察了不同反应条件下粒子的成核与生长情况.实验得到的CdSe微乳液非常稳定,室温下放置数月仍未见有沉淀生成.使用荧光分光光度计和高分辨透射电镜对粒子进行表征,所得CdSe/CdS纳米粒子粒径为5 nm左右,粒径均一且具有较高的荧光强度.     

硒化镉薄膜微区分析

本文用电子探针对硒化镉薄膜进行微区分析,对薄膜的成分和厚度进行同时测定,并分析了制备条件对薄膜参数的影响。     

Synthesis of CdSe quantum dots

Water-soluble CdSe quantum dots（QDs） were synthesized in aqueous solution with thioglycollic acid as stabilizer.CdSe QDswere characterized using Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,UV-Vis absorption spectrum（UV-Vis） and fluorescence spectra（FL）.The characterization results indicate that as-synthesized CdSe QD was uniform at about 3.5 nm.     

四角结构CdSe纳米材料的光学稳定性研究

通过研究不同生长过程和后处理过程的四角状CdSe材料的光学性质,讨论了四角状CdSe纳米材料生长过程及其在外界条件下的光学稳定性,通过讨论生长时间对四角状CdSe纳米材料的光学性质的影响,说明了形成稳定的四角状CdSe与材料应用间的关系,而研究脉冲激发下的四角状CdSe的类激射的荧光峰说明在有机物中进行的化学合成的纳米材料具有一定的光学不稳定性,最后讨论了一定温度下较长时间退火对四角状CdSe纳米材料光学性质的影响。     

Na_2CO_3调控醇热法制备规则形貌Ag纳米晶

以乙二醇为溶剂、Na2S为成核剂、聚乙烯吡喏烷酮(PVP)和Na2CO3为修饰剂,采用醇热法制备不同形貌的Ag纳米晶。通过调节反应时间、Na2CO3浓度、滴加速率以及起始滴加时间等来调控Ag纳米晶的微结构。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和紫外-可见光(UV-vis)吸收光谱对Ag纳米晶的形貌和尺寸以及局域表面等离子特性(LSPR)进行表征。结果表明:浓度为50μmol/L的Na2CO3,在AgNO3滴加完毕后5.5 min时以2 mL/min的速率滴加到体系中反应3 h,能够得到平均颗粒尺寸为60 nm、尺寸分布均匀的截角立方Ag纳米晶。     

Doping semiconductor nanocrystals

Doping--the intentional introduction of impurities into a material--is fundamental to controlling the properties of bulk semiconductors. This has stimulated similar efforts to dope semiconductor nanocrystals. Despite some successes, many of these efforts have failed, for reasons that remain unclear. For example, Mn can be incorporated into nanocrystals of CdS and ZnSe (refs 7-9), but not into CdSe (ref. 12)--despite comparable bulk solubilities of near 50 per cent. These difficulties, which have hindered development of new nanocrystalline materials, are often attributed to 'self-purification', an allegedly intrinsic mechanism whereby impurities are expelled. Here we show instead that the underlying mechanism that controls doping is the initial adsorption of impurities on the nanocrystal surface during growth. We find that adsorption--and therefore doping efficiency--is determined by three main factors: surface morphology, nanocrystal shape, and surfactants in the growth solution. Calculated Mn adsorption energies and equilibrium shapes for several nanocrystals lead to specific doping predictions. These are confirmed by measuring how the Mn concentration in ZnSe varies with nanocrystal size and shape. Finally, we use our predictions to incorporate Mn into previously undopable CdSe nanocrystals. This success establishes that earlier difficulties with doping are not intrinsic, and suggests that a variety of doped nanocrystals--for applications from solar cells to spintronics--can be anticipated.     

聚苯乙烯为模板制备CdSe纳米粒子

以聚苯乙烯-苯甲酸酐为模板制备CdSe纳米粒子，具有粒径分布均匀，制备方法简单，粒子稳定性好。     

一种制备CdSe纳米晶体的方法

CdSe纳米晶体因其独特的新颖性质具有广阔应用前景，但常用的非水相方法所用的原料，如三正辛基氧化膦等，价格昂贵且毒性大．为此，引入了价格便宜、环境友好的新溶剂A，在其中合成了CdSe纳米晶体，并利用紫外可见光谱、荧光发射光谱、透射电镜、能量分散X射线谱和X射线衍射对得到的纳米晶体进行了表征．结果表明，在新溶剂中合成的CdSe纳米晶体粒度均匀，粒径可控，具有高的结晶度和良好的光学性质．新溶剂A降低了合成成本，使合成更加符合绿色化学的原则．     

ZnO纳米晶的拉曼光谱

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了5~31 nm氧化锌纳米晶,测量了它们的拉曼光谱,结果表明二级拉曼模随粒径减小相对强度增大,归因于尺寸效应.新出现的938 cm-1模指认为来自表面氧空位.     

n-type colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals

Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals combine the physical and chemical properties of molecules with the optoelectronic properties of semiconductors. Their colour is highly controllable, a direct consequence of quantum confinement on the electronic states. Such nanocrystals are a form of 'artificial atoms' (ref. 4) that may find applications in optoelectronic systems such as light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, or as components of future nanoelectronic devices. The ability to control the electron occupation (especially in n-type or p-type nanocrystals) is important for tailoring the electrical and optical properties, and should lead to a wider range of practical devices. But conventional doping by introducing impurity atoms has been unsuccessful so far: impurities tend to be expelled from the small crystalline cores (as observed for magnetic impurities), and thermal ionization of the impurities (which provides free carriers) is hindered by strong confinement. Here we report the fabrication of n-type nanocrystals using an electron transfer approach commonly employed in the field of conducting organic polymers. We find that semiconductor nanocrystals prepared as colloids can be made n-type, with electrons in quantum confined states.     

纳米NaX分子筛的合成研究

报道了以商品化的硅溶胶和硫酸铝作为反应原料,水热静态合成法制备纳米NaX分子筛的方法,系统地研究了制备条件对分子筛粒度的影响。实验中发现原料配比、导向剂的加入、盐效应、晶化温度等是纳米NaX分子筛合成的关键因素。通过优化合成参数,在较高碱度下,利用盐效应方便地合成出了100￣200nm的超细NaX分子筛,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对反应产物进行了表征。     

微乳液法制备CdSe纳米线

利用CTAB/环己烷/异丁醇/水作为反应介质,在微乳液体系中制备了CdSe纳米线。利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电镜表征了CdSe纳米线的形貌和粒径尺寸,进一步研究了CdSe纳米线的生成过程,讨论了水含量、表面活性剂浓度对CdSe纳米线的影响。     

微乳液法制备CdSe纳米线

利用CTAB／环己彤异丁醇／水作为反应介质,在微乳液体系中制备了CdSe纳米线。利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电镜表征了CdSe纳米线的形貌和粒径尺寸,进一步研究了CdSe纳米线的生成过程,讨论了水含量、表面活性剂浓度对CdSe纳米线的影响。