In vivo rupture of the imidazole ring of histamine

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass Histamin auch durch das Aufreissen des Imidazolringes im Vormagen von Schafen katabolisiert werden kann. C¹⁴-markiertes Histamin wurde in den Pansen des Schafes oral eingeführt und annähernd 30% davon in der Atmungsluft (CO₂) aufgefangen.     

Effects of histamine,histidine and imidazole acetic acid on neurones of the medulla oblongata of the cat

Zusammenfassung Mikroelektrophoretisch verabreichtes Histamin, Histidin und Imidazolessigsäure hemmen die Aktivität von Neuronen der Medulla oblongata der Katze. Strychnin, welches in reversibler Weise die hemmende Wirkung von Glycin blockiert, zeigt keinen Antagonismus zu Imidazolessigsäure.     

Interference with histamine and imidazole acetic acid metabolism by salicylates: A possible contribution to salicylate analgesic activity?

Summary In man, rats and mice, the urinary excretion of the histamine andl-histidine metabolite, imidazole acetic acid, is increased and that of the conjugated metabolite, ribosylimidazole acetic acid, decreased by small doses of salicylates. In contrast to salicylates, other non-salicylate anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, phenacetin and acetaminophen do not influence the excretion of the urinary metabolites of histamine andl-histidine. Since imidazole acetic acid is reported to have analgesic and narcotic activity, there is the inference that the analgesic properties of salicylate might be due in part to interference in imidazole acetic acid metabolism.     

Evidence for a cholinergic mechanism inducing histamine increase in the rat brain in vivo

Résumé Pendant l'excitation du système nerveux central chez le rat, un mécanisme cholinergique augmente l'histamine cérébrale.     

In vivo matrix-guided human mesenchymal stem cells

Microfracture of subchondral bone results in intrinsic repair of cartilage defects. Stem or progenitor cells from bone marrow have been proposed to be involved in this regenerative process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that mesenchymal stem (MS) cells can in fact be recovered from matrix material saturated with cells from bone marrow after microfracture. This also introduces a new technique for MS cell isolation during arthroscopic treatment. MS cells were phenotyped using specific cell surface antibodies. Differentiation of the MS cells into the adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage could be demonstrated by cultivation of MS cells as a monolayer, as micromass bodies or mesenchymal microspheres. This study demonstrates that MS cells can be attracted to a cartilage defect by guidance of a collagenous matrix after perforating subchondral bone. Protocols for application of MS cells in restoration of cartilage tissue include an initial invasive biopsy to obtain the MS cells and time-wasting in vitro proliferation and possibly differentiation of the cells before implantation. The new technique already includes attraction of MS cells to sites of cartilage defects and therefore may overcome the necessity of in vitro proliferation and differentiation of MS cells prior to transplantation. Received 3 November 2005; received after revision 15 December 2005; accepted 4 January 2006     

In vivo assay for melanocyte lightening substances

Résumé L'emploi de grenouilles dont la pigmentation est noircie par l'ablation de la région hypothalamique est présentée comme une méthode d'essai des substances éclaircissant les mélanocytes. Bien que la présence des deux groupes O-methyl etN-acetyl de la mélatonine soit nécessaire pour un effet éclaircissant maximum, il semble que le groupe O-methyl soit le plus important. La mélatonine est proposée comme standard.     

In vivo intestinal absorption of sugars and electrolytes

Riassunto Nell'intestino tenue di ratto in vivo è stato osservato che la concentrazione intracellulare di glucosio o di 3-O-metilglucosio, durante l'assorbimento di questi zuccheri, è sempre minore che nel siero. Ciò lascia presumere che esista una pompa per l'estrusione degli zuccheri a livello della membrana serosale delle cellule assorbenti intestinali.

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This work was supported by a research grant of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome.     

In vivo inhibition of the tyrosinase of hamster melanoma with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate

Summary In vivo inhibition of the DOPA-oxydase activity of the soluble tyrosinase fraction of melanotic hamster melanoma is found after i.p. administration of diethyldithiocarbamate, with considerable increase in the content of SH-groups which probably play the role of free radical scavengers.     

In vivo effects of epinephrine in a freshwater fish

Summary In vivo effects of epinephrine were investigated in a freshwater teleost,Barbus conchonius Hamilton. Fish given 2 mg/kg epinephrine in a single i.m. dose showed significant hypocholesterolemia and elevated, liver and kidney cholesterol levels 1–8 h postinjection. Plasma amino nitrogen evinced a transient yet significant fall at 2 h followed by a significant increase after 24 h. A marked reduction occurred in the plasma FFA and organic PO₄ levels after 1–8 h. The results offer little evidence for a lipolytic effect of epinephrine in this species, and the changes in metabolite levels are attributable, in part, to the catecholamineinduced modification of insulin secretion.N.K. thanks the U.G.C. for the award of a research fellowship.     

In vivo oxidative coupling of anilines and phenolic anilines

Zusammenfassung Im Kern markierte¹⁴C-Anthranilsäure und Derivate wurden an Mikroorganismen, die Phenazin- und Phenoxazon-Farbstoffe produzieren, verfüttert. Der erfolgte Einbau beweist die oxydative Kupplung von Anilinen und phenolischen Anilinen in vivo.

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This work was supported by Grant GB-2290 of the National Science Foundation.