An in-situ DRIFTS study in the reaction between NO_x and soot on BaAl_2O_4

The interactions between NO, O2 and their mixture on BaAl2O4, as well as the reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2, have been investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). NO adsorption produces only nitrites species in the absence of O2. NO2 ad- sorption produces nitrates species besides nitrites species. The produced nitrites will further react with O2, O-su rf and O l2-att ice to form nitrates. The reaction of NOx with soot begins with the reaction of ni- trates with soot oxygenated complex (C(O)), which is regarded as the key and rate determining step. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2.     

An in-situ DRIFTS study in the reaction between NO x and soot on BaAl2O4

The interactions between NO, O2 and their mixture on BaAl2O4, as well as the reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2, have been investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy （DRIFTS）. NO adsorption produces only nitrites species in the absence of O2. NO2 adsorption produces nitrates species besides nitrites species. The produced nitrites will further react with O2, Osurf^-. and Olattice^2- to form nitrates. The reaction of NOx with soot begins with the reaction of nitrates with soot oxygenated complex （C（O））, which is regarded as the key and rate determining step. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2.     

热解气氛对煤热解行为的影响

利用DSC／TG-MS同步热分析一质谱联用技术对新疆哈密煤进行研究．考察了氩气、空气为热解气氛时,煤样的热分解过程,热解气相产物H2O,CO2,NO2,O2的逸出规律,并从微观的角度提出了其热解机理．实验表明,由于空气中氧气的高反应活性,使得煤样热解气相产物逸出的温度区间缩短,出现选出峰的温度提前,同时有大量的热量放出,但热解气相产物H2O,CO2,NO2,SO2的逸出量比氩气气氛下少．另外,煤样灰分中CaO,Fe2O3的含量很高,这也是影响煤样热解气相产物形成的原因之一．     

Observation of ligand effects during alkene hydrogenation catalysed by supported metal clusters

Homogeneous organometallic catalysts and many enzymes activate reactants through coordination to metal atoms; that is, the reactants are turned into ligands and their reactivity controlled through other ligands in the metal's coordination sphere. In the case of supported metal clusters, catalytic performance is influenced by the support and by adsorbed reactants, intermediates or products. The adsorbates are usually treated as ligands, whereas the influence of the supports is usually ascribed to electronic interactions, even though metal clusters supported on oxides and zeolites form chemical bonds to support oxygen atoms. Here we report direct observations of the structure of supported metal clusters consisting of four iridium atoms, and the identification of hydrocarbon ligands bound to them during propene hydrogenation. We find that propene and molecular hydrogen form propylidyne and hydride ligands, respectively, whereas simultaneous exposure of the reactants to the supported iridium cluster yields ligands that are reactive intermediates during the catalytic propane-formation reaction. These intermediates weaken the bonding within the tetrahedral iridium cluster and the interactions between the cluster and the support, while replacement of the MgO support with gamma-Al2O3 boosts the catalytic activity tenfold, by affecting the bonding between the reactant-derived ligands and the cluster and therefore also the abundance of individual ligands. This interplay between the support and the reactant-derived ligands, whereby each influences the interaction of the metal cluster with the other, shows that the catalytic properties of supported metal catalysts can be tuned by careful choice of their supports.     

HCNO＋OH反应机理的理论研究

为揭示HCNO与OH自由基反应的微观机理,采用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP／6—311G（d,P）水平上对该体系可能出现的7个反应通道上各反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型进行了搜索、几何全优化和振动分析验证,并在QCISD（T）／6-311G（d,P）水平上进行了能量校正．计算结果表明：各反应通道均为多步过程,反应的主产物为H2NO＋CO和HCO＋HNO,它们分别经历通道3和通道7而最后生成．     

铜锰复合氧化物室温催化氧化NO的研究

采用两次沉淀法制备了一系列无载体铜锰复合氧化物催化剂,以NO催化氧化作为目标反应,系统考察了原料液[Cu]/[Mn]比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等因素对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明:在[Cu]/[Mn]=1/6,焙烧温度300℃,焙烧时间8h条件下制备的催化剂具有最优催化氧化NO的活性,在室温下,且不引入任何还原剂的情况下,在6h内将107mg/m3的NO完全消除。此外,原位红外在线检测(FT-IR)结果表明,NO被转化成了亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐,并附着在催化剂表面。     

稀土硝酸盐与邻香兰素缩邻苯二胺配合物的合成与表征

由邻香兰素缩邻苯二胺（以Ｌ表示）与稀土硝酸盐合成了２种新固体配合物。并对合成的配合物进行了元素分析和红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热—热重、摩尔电导分析，确定配合物的组成为〔ＬｎＬ（ＮＯ３）２〕ＮＯ３（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｔｂ），推断出了配合物可能的结构。     

Ligand binding and conformational motions in myoglobin

Myoglobin, a small globular haem protein that binds gaseous ligands such as O2, CO and NO reversibly at the haem iron, serves as a model for studying structural and dynamic aspects of protein reactions. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements after photodissociation of the ligand revealed a complex ligand-binding reaction with multiple kinetic intermediates, resulting from protein relaxation and movements of the ligand within the protein. To observe the structural changes induced by ligand dissociation, we have carried out X-ray crystallographic investigations of carbon monoxy-myoglobin (MbCO mutant L29W) crystals illuminated below and above 180 K, complemented by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of CO rebinding. Here we show that below 180 K photodissociated ligands migrate to specific sites within an internal cavity--the distal haem pocket--of an essentially immobilized, frozen protein, from where they subsequently rebind by thermally activated barrier crossing. Upon photodissociation above 180 K, ligands escape from the distal pocket, aided by protein fluctuations that transiently open exit channels. We recover most of the ligands in a cavity on the opposite side of the haem group.     

The catalytic behavior of La-Mn-O nanoparticle perovskite-type oxide catalysts for the combustion of the soot particle from the diesel engine

The La1-xMx MnO3（M=Li, Na, K, Rb, x=0, 0.10,0.25） perovskite-type oxides whose sizes are nanoparticle have been prepared by the citric acid-ligated method. The characters of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IR, SEM and BET surface area measurement. The catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particulate was evaluated by a technique of the temperature-programmed reaction. In the LaMnO3 catalyst, the partial substitution of alkali metal （Li, Na, K, Rb） into A-site enhanced the catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particle. The La0.75K0.25MnO3 oxides are good candidate catalysts for the soot particle removal reaction, and the combustion temperatures of soot particle are between 285℃ and 430℃ when the contact of catalysts and soot is loose, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of soot particle are as good as supported Pt catalysts, which is the best catalyst system so far reported for soot combustion under loose contact conditions.     

甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯原位红外研究

采用原位红外技术对甲醇氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯反应机理进行了系统的研究，原位红外实验结果表明，氧气在负载的Cu基催化剂上发生解离吸附，CO在催化剂表面的吸附为弱吸附，氧气与CO在催化剂表面发生共吸附，甲醇在催化剂表面吸附后产生甲氧基，压力提高有助于甲氧基的生成，吸附态的甲氧基诱导弱吸附的CO进行插入反应是生成碳酸二甲酯的途径，同时，原位红外技术研究结果表明，在碳酸二甲酯合成过程中，存在甲氧基与离解的氧进一步作用生成副产物CO2和H2O的可能，因此，应控制应料中O2的浓度为适宜值。     

SNCR应用于水泥窑氮氧化物控制的氨氧化

为了对水泥窑应用SNCR控制技术时CaO催化NH3氧化问题进行研究,该文采用固定床反应器,研究温度(650～950℃)、NH3体积分数(100×10-6～1500×10-6)和O2体积分数(0～4%)对于CaO催化NH3氧化作用的影响。采用Fourier变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)测量NH3和NO组分的体积分数。实验结果表明:CaO催化NH3氧化反应的转化率和产物NO的选择性随NH3体积分数增加而下降,随温度和O2体积分数增加而增加。基于NH3转化率和产物NO选择性随NH3体积分数的变化规律,提出CaO催化NH3氧化的首要途径是NH3和O2的吸附,吸附态NH3会与O2反应生成NO,而非前人提出的NH3与CaO反应生成CaN。采用该机理可以较好地解释实验规律。     

Preparation and densification of BaTiO3 nanopowder by sol-gel autoigniting synthesis

Autoigniting synthesis of gel from Ba(NO3)2, TiO(NO3)2 and C6H8O7H2O aqueous solution was investigated at an initial temperature of 600℃ and tetragonal BaTiO3 nanopowder with particle size of 80nm was prepared. It is indicated that the specific surface area of the combustion product before and after calcination is 14.74 m2/g and 12.49 m2/g, respectively. The combustion wave is composed of solid phase reaction zone and gaseous phase flame reaction zone. The combustion flametemperature is 1 123 K derived from thermocouple measurement. The characteristics and densification behavior of the sol-gel autoigniting synthesized BaTiO3 nanopowder were investigated.     

CFH2与臭氧反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学UMP2方法，在6-311 G^**基组水平上研究了CFH2与臭氧反应机理，全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，在UIQCISD／6-311 g^**水平上计算了它们的能量，并对它们进行了振动分析，以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性，同时应用经典过渡态理论计算了反应的速率常数，研究结果表明，CFH2自由基与臭氧间的反应活化能很小，反应活性很大，其对大气臭氧的损耗也将很大．同时发现CFH2与O3的反应是强放热反应。     

Reaction of CH radical with O<Subscript>2</Subscript> by time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy

The Methylidyne radical, CH, plays a crucial role in several complex environments such as planetary atmos- pheres and interstellar clouds, and is one of the most im- portant and active intermediate in hydrocarbon flames[1]. The CH involving reactions, including chemiionization, oxidation of hydrocarbons, the soot formation[2—5], and especially the formation of prompt NO[6], are of funda- mental interest in combustion chemistry, owing to the high reactivity and the large enthalpy of formatio…     

含钼氧化物对碳烟和NOx的催化去除特性

通过在MoO3上添加不同金属氧化物,制备了一系列含低熔点物质的催化剂．利用程序升温控制反应（TPR）,探讨了紧接触、松接触不同条件下活性组分和载体对碳烟的催化氧化及NOx还原活性的影响,分析讨论了碳烟和NOx同时催化去除机理．实验结果表明,添加K和某些金属氧化物能改善碳烟和催化剂的接触,提高催化活性．NiO的添加使得NOx转换效率达到最高（38％）,CuO的添加使得碳烟的起燃温度最低,不同载体的催化活性顺序为TiO2〉SiO2〉ZrO2〉Nb2O5〉Al2O3．     

邻香草醛缩乙二胺与稀土硝酸盐配合物的合成与表征

合成了稀土硝酸盐与邻香草醛缩乙二胺（以Ｌ表示）的４种新固态配合物。通过元素分析，红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热一热重、摩尔电导及Ｘ－射线粉末衍射分析等手段。确定配合物的组成为ＬｎＬ（ＮＯ３）３（Ｌｎ＝Ｐｒ，Ｓｉｎ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ），并对其结构和某些物理化学性质进行了研究。     

Rh—Ag／SiO2催化剂上CO的吸附与加氢反应

应用表面反应红外动态技术考察了促进型铑催化剂Ｒｈ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２上ＣＯ吸附及其加氢反应的性能,结果表明：线式吸附态的ＣＯ对氢的反应性能高于桥式吸附的ＣＯ,是加氢反应的主要活性吸附态．反应条件下温度升高有利于Ｒｈ－Ａｇ／ＳｉＯ２上线／桥ＣＯ吸附态强度比值的增加．表面反应生成了表面甲酰基、甲酸盐、乙酰基、乙酸盐、乙烯酮及烯醇盐等关键的Ｃ１－２含氧中间体．助剂Ａｇ的加入提高了铑催化剂上ＣＯ吸附态的线／桥强度比值以及线式吸附ＣＯ的加氢反应速率和Ｃ２含氧物的生成率．     

爆轰波三波点擦除烟迹表面积碳机制

为理解三波点在壁面及端面积碳留下记录的确切机制,推动对螺旋爆轰内部结构的研究,采用端面烟熏玻璃与内壁烟膜结合的实验方法记录胞格结构,并得到不稳定、较稳定及稳定预混气的侧壁及端面爆轰记录.2H2+O2+3Ar给出了清晰精细的端面结果,其单头螺旋结果表明相对于结果近似的侧壁结果,内部螺旋结构并非固定.进而从附着碳粒的粒度尺寸分析出碳迹附着原理并结合五种预混气的反应特性,确定键能足以克服碳迹吸附在表面的力时才能擦除烟迹.另外预混气中的碳分子也会导致烟迹堆积而影响端面结果,反射激波的强度也影响记录的清晰度.最终确定烟迹擦除机制受预混气影响,应针对预混气选用表面粗糙度载体和积碳颗粒尺寸,并给出了记录爆轰结构的方法.     

Simultaneously catalytic removal of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> and particulate matter on diesel particulate filter

Diesel engines combine a high fuel economy with high durability and low maintenance costs and are, there-fore, used on a large scale for transportation purposes.However, the environmental pollution by diesel-engine exhausts has become more and more serious in the lastdecade, and currently the regulation of diesel emissions becomes tightened especially with respect to nitrogen ox-ides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM). Since the reduc-tion of both NOx and PM to the admitted level cannot be …     

（NH_4）_2SO_4─ZrO_2体系的酸性和酸量的研究

本文用毗啶吸附红外光谱、程序升温分解（ＴＰＤ）和差热分析（ＤＴＡ）等技术，对不同温度下用浸渍法制得的（ＮＨ＿４）＿２ＳＯ＿４－ＺｒＯ＿２样品的性质进行了研究。将研究结果与其催化性能作了关联。研究结果显示，热处理过程中产生了Ｂ酸中心和Ｌ酸中心。低于５７３Ｋ时，随着处理温度的升高，表面酸性与表面酸的总量均不断增大，到５７３Ｋ时表面酸性与表面酸的总量都达到最大值。此时反应活性也最大。超过５７３Ｋ时，随着处理温度升高，表面酸性与表面酸的总量均降低，此时反应活性也相应地降低。