水稻幼苗叶片应答稻瘟病侵染的差异蛋白谱分析

为了探讨水稻感病基因型种质响应稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质表达谱的变化规律和作用途径,以水稻感稻瘟病种质日本晴为材料,采用接种稻瘟病菌分生抱子悬浮液,24,48和72 h后提取叶片蛋白质,采用i TRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片蛋白质组的变化.结果表明,稻瘟病侵染诱导了水稻幼苗叶片内涉及氧化还原平衡、防御、信号传导、糖和能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、光合作用,以及蛋白质代谢等代谢途径相关的53个蛋白质的表达量发生了改变.GO分析表明稻瘟病主要调控了植株体内细胞内平衡、代谢过程和蛋白质代谢等生物学过程.稻瘟病侵染激活了活性氧代谢、防御,以及热休克蛋白等相关的途径,而抑制了蛋白质生物合成过程.结合这些差异表达蛋白的丰度变化结合它们可能的功能,描绘了水稻应答稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质代谢网络,有助于在蛋白质水平上了解其应答过程.     

小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性与艾氏剂环氧化活性

利用室内选育１１９代的抗杀虫双、抗杀螟丹小菜蛾品系和敏感品系,研究了各杂交世代小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹的敏感性．通过反复回交建立小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性的近等基因系．测定了各杂交世代和近等基因系的多功能氧化酶环氧化活性．结果表明,抗性品系和抗性近等基因系多功能氧化酶环氧化活性比敏感品系高,杀虫双、杀螟丹抗性品系和杀虫双、杀螟丹抗性近等基因系分别是敏感品系的１．６２、１．８３、１．５６和１．９７倍,因此,多功能氧化酶环氧化活性提高与小菜蛾对杀虫双和杀螟丹抗性有关     

低温胁迫下克恩氏冬青幼苗叶片差异蛋白质分析

【目的】研究克恩氏冬青叶片应答低温胁迫的蛋白表达情况,探讨克恩氏冬青耐寒的作用机理。【方法】以2年生幼苗为试材,对其进行-8 ℃和-16 ℃低温胁迫处理,运用双向电泳技术(2-DE)结合质谱技术(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)检测并分析叶片差异表达蛋白,并对差异蛋白进行了生物信息学分析。【结果】在低温胁迫下,克恩氏冬青幼苗叶片中蛋白表达发生了明显变化,胁迫前后发现共有31个显著差异的蛋白质点,经质谱检测及数据库检索,成功鉴定了其中23个差异表达蛋白点。对其中的20个蛋白成功进行了功能分类,主要涉及蛋白质和氨基酸代谢、光合作用、氧化还原平衡、防御作用、碳水化合物代谢、脂类代谢、氮素代谢等生物学过程。【结论】克恩氏冬青应答低温胁迫是多种蛋白质共同作用的结果,主要通过调节多种代谢过程中的相关蛋白表达来发挥作用。     

对B.t毒素敏感与抗性的昆虫细胞的差异蛋白质肽质指纹分析

采用2-DE技术分析了粉纹夜蛾TnH5对B.t CrglAC毒素敏感和抗性2种细胞总蛋白质,建立了TnH5细胞双向电泳图谱,获得了一些差异蛋白质.对部分差异蛋白质点采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/MS)测定了其胶内酶解后的肽质指纹图谱(PMF),查询数据库,结果表明,部分差异斑点分别与胞质外周蛋白、脂多糖生物合成蛋白、一种脱氢酶和类免疫球蛋白等类似.     

水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与活性氧关系的研究

以 3种水稻白叶枯病菌和 4个抗、感水稻品种为样品 ,研究了水稻对白叶枯病菌抗性与白叶枯病菌细胞保护酶以及氧自由基的关系。研究结果表明 :接种 15d的水稻SOD、POD显示活性 ,而CAT无活性 ;用水稻叶片酶解液培养 3种病原菌 ,菌体显示SOD和CAT活性 ,但未测出POD活性。抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌的影响不同 ,感病水稻使病原菌SOD和CAT活性升高 ,抗病水稻使白叶枯病菌SOD、CAT活性降低。而抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌氧自由基的影响 ,正好与对酶的影响相反。     

短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶差异表达蛋白质的功能分析

【目的】基于蛋白质水平探讨短日照处理调控油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)容器苗基础代谢和抗逆性机理的研究,完善油松容器苗的育苗和造林技术,为短日照处理育苗技术在我国北方地区困难立地造林中推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以经日照长度为10 h、持续3 周短日照处理的油松容器苗针叶为研究对象,采用改良的酚法提取针叶蛋白。应用双向电泳结合二级质谱分析的蛋白质组学技术,研究短日照处理诱导油松容器苗针叶蛋白质表达的变化,分析差异表达蛋白质的鉴定和功能。【结果】成功获取5个短日照处理诱导表达差异显著的蛋白质,上调表达的是叶绿体放氧增强蛋白1(oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, OEE1)(蛋白点404)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)(蛋白点539)、延伸因子-Tu(elongation factor-Tu, EF-Tu)(蛋白点654)、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶活化酶(ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, RCA)(蛋白点681); 下调表达的是磷酸甘油酸激酶1(phosphoglycerate kinase 1, PGK1)(蛋白点641)。这些蛋白质的功能主要涉及光合代谢、糖代谢和胁迫防御。【结论】短日照处理诱导油松容器苗蛋白质差异表达,对油松容器苗的基础代谢和抗逆性产生重要影响。     

抗白粉病小麦近等基因系DNA甲基化的MSAP分析

应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性（MSAP）技术检测小麦抗白粉病代换系6A／6V与感病品系京411的近等基因系NILs,及其亲本6A／6V和京411的基因组DNA甲基化变化．结果表明,NILs的整体甲基化水平（22．9％）略高于6A／6V（21．2％）,低于京411（23．4％）．分析其甲基化模式发现,NILs相对京411甲基化水平降低条带比例（2．89％）明显高于甲基化提高条带（0．55％）,而相对抗病亲本6A／6V,NILs甲基化水平降低条带比例（2．96％）明显低于甲基化提高条带（4．20％）,说明NILs的整体基因表达水平低于6A／6V,高于京411．     

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达分析

为研究稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达模式,利用半定量RT-PCR对抗病亲本Kasalath和感病亲本丽江新团黑谷(LTH)进行了接种前和接种后24 h和48 h的表达分析.结果表明:Pi36无论在接种前还是接种后以及无论在抗病亲本Kasalath还是感病亲本LTH中均有表达,并且各个时间段的表达量没有大的差别.由此说明,Pi36属于组成型而不是诱导型表达的基因.     

柽柳 GF14基因的克隆与表达分析

生物体中普遍存在的14-3-3蛋白(也称GF14蛋白)能够参与植物的一系列应激响应过程。笔者以柽柳(Tamarix hispida)为材料,从6个柽柳cDNA文库中分离出5条GF14 基因,依次命名为ThGF14a—ThGF14e。对5条GF14 基因进行生物信息学研究,并利用qRT-PCR技术对胁迫处理后的基因表达模式进行分析。结果显示:ThGF14 蛋白除了N和C末端的氨基酸外均含有一个高度保守的14-3-3 结构域,这些ThGF14蛋白分属于ε-like 和 non-ε 两种类型; 大多数 ThGF14基因在NaCl、PEG、4 ℃、CdCl₂处理不同时间(6,24,48 和 72 h)的叶和根中能够被诱导表达(表达量>2倍),且不同基因间对非生物胁迫应答表现出差异,其中ThGF14c 基因在叶和根中不同胁迫条件下的表达水平均最高。研究表明,柽柳 ThGF14 基因能够参与植物的非生物胁迫应答响应过程。     

Proteomic analysis of a toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under different growth phases and conditions

Alexandrium is a widely spread dinoflagellate genus throughout many regions of the world,which not only causes the harmful algal blooms(HABs) but also results in the paralytic shellfish poisoning(PSP) throughout the world.This study compared protein profiles of A.catenella grown under different growth phases and conditions using a proteomic approach,and identified the differentially expressed proteins.The results showed that the expressions of proteins identified in three different regions of the gels,the groups 1,2 and 3 proteins,varied significantly with the growth phases and conditions.Group 1 proteins and six Group 2 proteins were highly expressed at the initial,exponential and stationary growth phases,eight Group 2 proteins were highly expressed only at the initial phase,and Group 3 proteins were highly expressed at the exponential and/or stationary phases.However,all these proteins were expressed at low levels or were barely visible at the dissipation phase.The expressions of groups 1 and 2 proteins were low or barely visible in various growth conditions except in continuous darkness they were highly expressed.Group 3 proteins,on the other hand,were overexpressed in continuous illumination and expressed at low levels or barely visible in continuous darkness or under nitrate-starvation.The data from MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated that these differentially expressed proteins were associated with macromolecular biosynthesis,photosynthesis,tRNA synthesis and DNA stability,stress response and cell division regulation.Synthetase was the major component of the altered proteins.This is one of the first comprehensive proteomic study of a dinoflagellate,A.catenella,that provides a fundamental understanding of the proteins involved in A.catenella growth and response to environmental stresses,and potential physiological indicator proteins related to growth and environmental stress have been identified.     

Comparative proteomic analysis of the response in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines to infection by Curvularia lunata

Proteins differentially expressed from maize leaves in response to the infection by Curvularia lunata strain CX-3 were identified through a high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) method. Two inbred lines, 78599-1 and E28, were used, respectively, as resistant and susceptible lines to CX-3 infection. Proteins were extracted from the fourth leaves of six- or seven-leaf stage plants sampled at 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h after inoculation with CX-3. Twenty-seven differentially expressed protein spots resolved on the 2-DE gels were identified by MALDI-TOF MS/MS. The results showed that these proteins are associated with photosynthesis, respiration,oxidative and drought stress tolerance as well as signal transduction in maize. Among stress-related proteins, the 22 kDa drought-inducible protein, putative glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and translation initiation factor (eIF-5A) were up-regulated in the resistant inbred line and were implicated in host defense response to C. lunata infection. It suggests that drought-inducible and oxidation stress-related proteins might directly contribute to maize resistance to C. lunata.     

盐胁迫下三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系叶片蛋白质差异表达分析

【目的】探究三倍体小黑杨生长迅速原因。通过蛋白质差异表达分析,深入研究三倍体小黑杨生长发育机理,为其优质高产育种提供参考。【方法】以三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系为材料,分别用75 mmol/L NaCl溶液胁迫处理0、4、8、12和16 d,利用蛋白质双向电泳和MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱技术,探讨其不同处理条件下叶片差异表达蛋白。【结果】共检测到4 000多个蛋白点,包含96个差异蛋白点,其中盐胁迫4、8、12、16 d与对照相比,分别鉴定出5、21、36、34个差异蛋白点,对60个蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,这些蛋白按功能可分为8类:其中光合作用占25%、能量代谢占20%、氧化还原作用占12%、抗性蛋白占8%、生物合成和代谢占7%、运输蛋白占3%、信号转导占2%和未知蛋白占23%。【结论】三倍体小黑杨杂种无性系受到盐胁迫后,多种蛋白质共同参与应答,其中主要是光合作用和能量代谢相关蛋白,本研究可以为盐胁迫下林木蛋白质组学研究提供基础。     

水稻-白叶枯病菌互作中过氧化氢酶的研究

以3种水稻白叶枯病菌和3个抗、感水稻为样品,研究了水稻-白叶枯病菌互作中过氧化氢酶的变化.研究结果表明:接种15d的水稻CAT无活性,CAT同工酶电泳也未显示酶带,对照组CAT则显示活性;在NB培养基中生长的白叶枯病菌显示CAT活性;用水稻酶解液培养了3种病原菌,菌体显示CAT活性,抗、感水稻对白叶枯病菌的影响不同,抗病水稻使病原菌CAT活性降低,感病水稻使CAT活性升高.     

稻瘟病菌对水稻PS Ⅱ的影响研究

采用在分蘖期接种稻瘟病菌,研究稻瘟病菌不同生理小种对水稻叶片光合色素和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明水稻接种稻瘟病菌孢子后,叶片出现不同程度发病,光合色素含量下降,叶片的Fv/Fm,Fv/F0,F′v/F′m,ΦPS Ⅱ,qP,qN,ETR和α较对照均显著降低.不同水稻品种对稻瘟病菌的敏感程度不同,R725接种ZA5后,叶片细胞结构遭到破坏,光合色素含量大幅下降,叶瘟发生最重;R720接种ZC8后发病最重,叶绿素a(Chla)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量大幅下降,Fv/F0和ΦPS Ⅱ等叶绿素荧光参数也显著低于对照;R727接种ZG1后发病最重,光合色素显著下降,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,qP,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qN和α也显著低于对照.     

抗爆门冲击动力响应的数值模拟研究

对应用于石化、核电、军事等行业的抗爆门开展动力学响应数值模拟研究.以DBD-AD150*240型抗爆门作为研究对象,进行爆炸冲击波作用下的动力学相应分析.研究在不同抗爆等级条件下,抗爆门的应力、应变能否满足抗爆要求,明确抗爆门的抗爆等级.结合三明治复合管结构的冲击吸能方式,对抗爆门抗爆能力进行改善.通过数值模拟研究,明确了所研究抗爆门的抗爆等级.确认在抗爆门上采用三明治复合管结构的情况下,抗爆门的抗爆能力可以得到明显增强.     

Identification of auxin responsive genes in Arabidopsis by cDNA array

The plant hormone auxin influences a variety of developmental and physiological processes. But the mechanism of its action is quite unclear. In order to identify and analyze the expression of auxin responsive genes, a cDNA array approach was used to screen for genes with altered expression from Arabidopsis suspension culture after IAA treatment and was identified 50 differentially expressed genes from 13824 cDNA clones. These genes were related to signal transduction, stress responses, senescence, photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis and transportation. The results provide the molecular evidence that auxin influences a variety of physiological processes and pave a way for further investigation of the mechanism of auxin action. Furthermore,we found that the expression of a ClpC (regulation subunit of Clp protease) was repressed by exogenous auxin, but increased in dark-induced senescing leaves. This suggests that ClpC may be a senescence-associated gene and can be regulated by auxin.     

Alterations in phosphoproteome under salt stress in Thellungiella roots

High salinity stress is a major environmental factor that limits plant’s distribution and productivity. An Arabidopsis-related halophyte, Thellungiella halophila, is an emerging model system used for plant abiotic stress tolerance research. Previous studies have suggested that protein phosphorylation has a crucial role in the high salinity response in plants. However, the phosphoproteome differential expression under high salinity stress in halophytes has not been well studied. In this report, phosphoproteome differential expression was analyzed under high salinity stress in Thellungiella roots. Twenty-six putative phosphoproteins were found to have changed expression pattern at the post-translational level. Twenty of these were identified by mass spectrometric analysis, including 18 upregulated and two downregulated phosphoproteins. These proteins were involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as signal transduction, ROS detoxification, energy pathway, protein synthesis and protein folding. While most of these salt-responsive putative phosphoproteins are known salt-stress-related proteins, some of them have not been previously reported. Our results provide not only new insights into salt stress responses in Thellungiella but also a good foundation for further investigation of these high salinity-regulated phosphoproteins.     

基因聚合品种对云南水稻白叶枯病的抗性分析

研究含多个抗性基因的聚合品种和单个抗性基因的近等基因系对云南省水稻白叶枯病菌的抗性差异.基因聚合品种对水稻白叶枯病菌的抗性达到高抗至免疫水平,病斑长度比单基因品系明显缩短,表明聚合抗病基因提高了水稻品种的抗性.单个抗性基因的近等基因系对这些菌株的抗性均不高,对我省生产中的主要白叶枯病菌株多表现为中感;这一研究结果为培育具有持久抗性的品种提供了新思路,它在实践应用方面将具有重要的意义.     

R gene expression induced by a type-III effector triggers disease resistance in rice

Disease resistance (R) genes in plants encode products that specifically recognise incompatible pathogens and trigger a cascade of events leading to disease resistance in the host plant. R-gene specificity is dictated by both host R genes and cognate avirulence (avr) genes in pathogens. However, the basis of gene-for-gene specificity is not well understood. Here, we report the cloning of the R gene Xa27 from rice and the cognate avr gene avrXa27 from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Resistant and susceptible alleles of Xa27 encode identical proteins. However, expression of only the resistant allele occurs when a rice plant is challenged by bacteria harbouring avrXa27, whose product is a nuclear localized type-III effector. Induction of Xa27 occurs only in the immediate vicinity of infected tissue, whereas ectopic expression of Xa27 resulted in resistance to otherwise compatible strains of the pathogen. Thus Xa27 specificity towards incompatible pathogens involves the differential expression of the R gene in the presence of the AvrXa27 effector.     

Proteomic comparison of four maize inbred lines with different levels of resistance to Curvularia lunata （Wakker） Boed infection

Protein profiles of leaves in four maize inbred lines with different disease resistance to pathogen Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boed were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE)and mass spectrometry.Proteins were extracted from the forth leaf of maize seedlings 24 h after fungal inoculation,and fractionated by polyethylene glycol to precipitate the most abundant leaf protein,Rubisco,before gel separation.Protein profiles from 2-DE showed that total numbers of protein spots were increased in all four inbred lines inoculated with C.lunata CX-3 strain compared with the control.The numbers of changed protein spots in abundance were higher in resistant inbred lines than in susceptible ones,which implied that resistant inbred lines were more sensitive than susceptible ones to pathogen infection.Among proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS,germin-like protein GLP and translation initiation factor eIF-5A were supposed to play important roles in maize resistance against C.lunata infection.