间硝基苯甲醛肟氧基乙酸的合成

间硝基苯甲醛肟与氯乙酸在乙腈中反应生成间硝基苯甲醛肟氧基乙酸.探讨了反应物的物料比、反应时间等因素对产品产率的影响.实验表明:以乙腈为溶剂,n(间硝基苯甲醛肟):n(氯乙酸):n(氢氧化钠)=1∶1.1∶2.2,反应时间为4 h的优化条件下,间硝基苯甲醛肟氧基乙酸的产率达到62.7%.     

N-邻苯甲酸基对甲苯磺酰胺的合成

以对甲苯磺酰氯(TSC)和邻氨基苯甲酸(ATRA)为原料,吡啶为溶剂,乙醇钠作催化剂,合成N-邻苯甲酸基对甲苯磺酰胺,采用正交实验设计探讨了投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间对合成反应的影响.最佳的工艺条件是:原料摩尔比n(TSC)∶n(ATRA)=1∶0.6;反应温度35℃;反应时间4 h;催化剂用量为1 g,产品收率大于25%.     

MCM-41负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以介孔MCM-41负载磷钨杂多酸(PW)为催化剂,采用苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。实验考察了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对收率的影响。实验表明:PW/MCM-41是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛):n(乙二醇)=1:1.75,催化剂的质量为反应物总质量的1.5%,反应温度为120℃,反应时间1.0h。上述反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达73.29%左右。     

氯化锰在过氧化叔丁醇氧化甲苯中的催化性能

为制备无氯苯甲醛,从5种含锰化合物中筛选出Mn Cl2为催化剂,试验研究了无溶剂条件下过氧化叔丁醇氧化甲苯制备苯甲醛的反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化叔丁醇用量等因素对苯甲醛收率的影响。结果表明:在Mn Cl2催化下,过氧化叔丁醇对甲苯呈现出较好的氧化性能,n(甲苯)∶n(过氧化叔丁醇)=5,n(Mn Cl2)/n(甲苯)=0.01,65℃下反应8 h,苯甲醛的选择性保持在74.0%以上。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,以负载磷钨酸为催化剂,合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了醛醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量及带水剂环己烷用量等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明,以磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的最优反应条件为:苯甲醛0.2mol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的6.2%,带水剂环己烷用量为10ml,90~105℃下回流反应30min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛产率可达84%以上。     

磷钨酸铈催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以自制的磷钨酸铈为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,并探讨了其催化活性,研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、催化剂重复使用性能等因素对反应的影响.实验结果表明:合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛较适宜的反应条件为:苯甲醛0.1 mol,n(苯甲醛)/n(乙二醇)=1.0/1.7,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,甲苯为带水剂,反应时间2.0 h.上述条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的产率可达79.5%.     

二乙二醇二间甲基苯甲酸酯增塑剂的合成

以间甲基苯甲酸和二甘醇为原料,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂合成了二乙二醇二间甲基苯甲酸酯.考查了催化剂及其用量、反应温度、原料配比等条件对反应的影响,经过试验确定适宜工艺条件:甲苯为带水剂,催化剂用量为总反应物的0.5%,醇酸摩尔比为1.0:2.2,回流反应时间4 h,反应回流温度210℃,转化率达93.7%.产品结构分别用IR、NMR进行表征,并对其作为PVC增塑剂的增塑性能进行了初步评价.     

乙酸存在下钴铝类水滑石催化氧化苯甲醛合成苯甲酸

采用共沉淀法制备了晶相单一、结晶度良好的钴铝类水滑石,借助XRD、FT-IR对其物化性能进行了表征;在乙酸存在下,将其应用于苯甲醛液相空气氧化合成苯甲酸的反应当中,详细考察了搅拌速度、乙酸用量、反应温度及时间、催化剂组成结构及其用量等因素对该反应活性及选择性的影响。实验结果表明:CoAl-HTLcs在乙酸为介质的条件下能够很好地催化氧化苯甲醛至苯甲酸。在敞开体系下,当反应温度为65℃,反应时间为45 min,实验搅拌速度为800 r/min,V(苯甲醛)∶V(乙酸)=5∶15,CoAl类水滑石(n(Co)/n(Al)=2)催化剂用量为0.1 g时,苯甲酸的选择性为100%,苯甲醛的转化率近100%。     

丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡及其聚合物的合成

以二丁基二氯化锡、苯甲酸钠和丙烯酸为原料合成丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡,然后通过自由基聚合反应与苯乙烯共聚合成丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡-苯乙烯共聚物,研究丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡的合成条件。结果表明:苯甲酸二丁基锡制备在最佳反应条件(反应温度80℃、反应时间3 h、n(二丁基二氯化锡):n(苯甲酸钠)=1.0:1.05)下,收率92.62%。苯甲酸二丁基锡氢氧化物在最佳反应条件(反应温度为80℃、n(苯甲酸二丁基锡氢氧化物):n(NaOH)=1.0:1.0)下,收率达94.64%。丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡在最佳反应条件(反应时间4 h、n(苯甲酸二丁基锡氢氧化物):n(丙烯酸)=1.0:1.1)下,收率达78.89%。通过红外光谱法(IR)、核磁共振光谱法(NMR)对丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡及其与苯乙烯共聚物进行结构表征,确定了合成产物的结构,证明了丙烯酸苯甲酸二丁基锡和苯乙烯在一定条件下发生了共聚反应。     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2催化一锅法合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(H)-酮

目的合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(H)-酮。方法采用一锅法Biginelli反应以乙酰乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛和尿素为原料,H3PW12O40/SiO2为催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂进行合成目标化合物。通过熔点,IR,1 H NMR和MS等测试手段对合成的目标化合物进行表征。结果探讨了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应物的摩尔比对收率的影响。实验表明:固定苯甲醛用量为0.04mol的条件下,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的2.0%,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(尿素)=1∶1.5∶1.5,反应时间为90min,反应温度为90℃。在优化条件下,产品平均收率可达79.2%。结论溶胶凝胶法制备的H3PW12O40/SiO2是合成4-苯基-6-甲基-5-乙氧羰基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(H)-酮的良好催化剂,具有催化剂用量少,催化活性高,可回收重复使用等特点。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with