富马酸的发酵工艺研究

以可溶性淀粉和液体石蜡为发酵培养基的主要碳源,皱褶假丝酵母为菌种,发酵生产富马酸.比较了不同碳源、不同接种量、不同装液量对发酵过程的影响,以确定最佳发酵条件.摇瓶结果表明:以可溶性淀粉作发酵培养基的主要碳源,2%接种量,发酵60 h产酸浓度最高,发酵液中富马酸对淀粉的转化率为43.5%,在适量的情况下,装液量对发酵几乎没有影响.     

间歇式厌氧反应器处理猪粪废水工艺条件研究

对间歇式厌氧反应器处理猪粪废水的工艺条件进行了探索研究,结果显示:底物粪水消耗速率与初始COD值高低关系不大,当初始COD为4 000 mg/L左右时,产气量较大;当反应温度为35℃时,中温菌活性较佳,COD下降速率较快,产气量较大;350 mL粪水,配加100 mL污泥时,COD变化速率较快,产气量较大,而且所需的时间较少,0.33 d便有气体产生;产酸菌具有较大的pH适应范围,产甲烷菌对pH值十分敏感,只能在pH6.9附近很小范围内具有强活性。     

不同工艺条件对产酸白腐菌处理造液的影响

对利用白腐菌产酸特性进行黑液处理的工艺条件进行了初步的探讨 ,研究了驯化后的一株产酸白腐菌处理造纸黑液过程中 pH ,COD及色度的变化 ,在最适条件 (初始pH值 6～ 7,黑液负荷 1.3× 10 4 mg/L以下 ,接种量体积分数 2 0 %～ 3 0 % ,微氧状态 ,温度 2 5～ 2 9℃ )处理下 ,pH值降低到 2左右 ,色度与COD的去除率均保持在 60 %以上     

两相厌氧工艺处理化学合成类制药废水试验研究

采用两相厌氧工艺处理化学合成类制药废水,实验结果表明：产酸相进水COD多在14000～20000mg/L之间（平均为17883mg/L）,容积负荷在30～42kgCOD/m3·d之间,pH值为4.8～5.2,COD去除率为32%～52%,挥发酸含量从4.12%提高到22.54%,为产甲烷相的进一步处理提供了有利条件。经过产酸相后,UASB进水COD浓度在10000mg/L左右,COD平均去除率为86.7%,出水COD浓度为1240～1550mg/L,平均容积负荷为4.5kgCOD/（m3·d）,产甲烷相出水pH值在6.5～7.0左右。     

一种基于多底物混合共代谢定向产酸发酵研究

以牛粪、水稻秸秆、糖蜜废水的三种底物混合共代谢发酵作为CSTR的产酸相,联合IC产甲烷相进行两相厌氧发酵,其中研究的重点是提高产酸相的产酸量.通过pH值、ORP值、VFAs、TOC、TN、可溶性COD质量浓度的测定以及红外光谱(FTIR)观察水稻秸秆的降解情况.通过PCR-DGGE来观察产酸相优势种群的变化,来调节最适共代谢发酵底物,以进入产甲烷相来提高产甲烷量.结果表明,厌氧CSTR反应器发酵前30 d,反应器内pH值、ORP值均呈下降趋势,此后,反应器内pH值比较稳定,在6.2~6.5之间上下浮动,ORP值在-250~-400 m V之间浮动.反应器运行30 d,TOC、TN含量大量增加,可溶COD质量浓度上升.反应60 d时,仍能满足C/N比为27∶1,此时TOC、TN、可溶COD质量浓度含量趋于稳定,进入共代谢产酸发酵的稳定期.乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸的含量均随着时间的变化先增加后下降.随着反应进行60 d,丙酸迅速下降,没有出现酸积累现象,反应器内以乙酸为主.通过FTIR观察,发现水稻秸秆得到有效的降解.本文利用PCR-DGGE技术解析产酸相,以Clostridium bifermentans、Firmicutes bacterium、Pseudomonas aeruginosa为优势菌群.     

藏灵菇菌增殖条件及其乳酸发酵特性的研究

对藏灵菇菌增殖条件及其产乳酸特性进行了研究。藏灵菇增殖适宜条件为：乳浓度60%,培养温度28℃,接种量5%,pH值6.6,250 mL三角瓶装液量50 mL,转数100 r·m in^-1。连续培养5代后,其增殖率达到108%。藏灵菇产酸能力较强,培养20 h,pH值迅速下降到4.62,酸度增至109°T。外加碳源不利于藏灵菇生长,而添加蛋白胨和酵母浸提物则对藏灵菇增殖有促进作用。     

一株分离自潮间带污泥细菌Clostridium sp. T7产氢特性分析

产氢菌株Clostridium sp. T7分离自天津海水浴场潮间带的污泥.研究起始pH、碳源、氮源、NaCl质量分数对菌株T7产氢性质的影响.结果表明:菌株T7最适产氢的起始pH是6.0,能够利用蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖等碳源发酵产氢.菌株T7能够利用牛肉膏和酵母粉为单一氮源产氢,不能利用蛋白胨为氮源进行产氢.NaCl质量分数能影响菌株T7的产氢量,海水培养条件(NaCl质量分数为3%)下,最高产氢量是每摩尔葡萄糖(1.48,±0.05)mol,相比之下,淡水培养条件下其产氢量提高20%.NaCl质量分数在0.4%～7%时,菌株T7都能够产氢,这表明菌株T7有望应用于淡水或高盐有机废水产氢领域.     

纤维素酶产生菌发酵条件研究

本试验以具有纤维素酶活力的黑曲霉诱变菌株为材料,研究了碳源、氮源、碳氮比、培养基起始pH值、接种量及发酵时间对该菌株产植酸酶活力的影响。结果表明,该菌株最适产酶pH为6.0;最佳接种量为10%（v/v）;最适碳源和氮源分别为麸皮和黄豆粉,且它们的最优比例为5∶1,最适发酵时间为60h。在最优的发酵条件下,筛选菌株产纤维素酶活可达168U/g。     

Fenton试剂+炉渣处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

用Fenton试剂 炉渣在不同pH及不同投加量的情况下,对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除效果进行比较分析。实验结果表明,在pH值为3,H2O2投加量为8mL/L,FeSO4溶液投加量为12mL/L,炉渣投加量为18g/L的条件下,可使COD的去除率达到65.71%。     

耐盐深绿木霉TW320和拟康宁木霉TW1876生长和产孢条件优化

为优化两株耐盐木霉-深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride)TW320和拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis)TW1876的生长和产孢条件,研究了不同pH、不同培养基,不同碳源、氮源和不同碳氮比对两株木霉菌的菌落生长和孢子产量的影响。结果显示:耐盐深绿木霉(T. atroviride)TW320在 pH =4~11 的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 (potato dextrose agar, PDA)培养基上均可生长和产孢,且菌丝生长和产孢的最佳pH为5,在大豆玉米粉培养基上生长速度较快,产孢量最多,该菌株菌丝生长和产孢的最佳碳源为木糖,最佳氮源是酵母膏,当碳氮比为12:1时,最有利于TW320产孢;拟康宁木霉(T. koningiopsis)TW1876菌丝生长和产孢的最佳pH为11,最优培养基为PDA培养基,以乳糖作为最佳碳源,甘氨酸作为最佳氮源,且碳氮比为9:1时,TW1876产孢量最多。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.