A Novel Design of Power management integrated circuit with 90 plus efficiency used in AC/DC converter

Recently, resonant AC/DC converter has been accepted by the industry. However, the efficiency will be decreased at light load. So, a novel topology with critical controlling mode combined with resonant ones is proposed in this paper. The new topology can correspond to a 90 plus percent of power converting. So，a novel topology of an state of art integrated circuit, which can be used as power management circuit, has been designed based on the above new topology. A simulator which is specifically suitable for the power controller has been founded in this work and it has been used for the simulation of the novel architecture and the proposed integrated circuit.     

A Study of a Stand- Alone Type Variable Speed Wind Tur bine System with Synchronous Generator

Most recently produced wind generators use variable-speed systems for high-efficiency operation and low mechanical stress.In this study of a variable-speed standalone system that uses a synchronous machine,a power converter for the system was developed and tested.The maximum power points were approximated in a line according to the wind speed changes,and the linear approximation MPPT algorithm was used to determine the duty ratio that corresponds to the intersection point of the observed power and linearized line using the power generated from the generator at a point.With the fabricated converter,it was verified that the voltage,current and theta were normal with the varied load current.     

Optimization control strategy for single-phase permanent magnet generator based on voltage ripple

A method of feedforward compensation for electromotive force （EMF） in the single-phase permanent magnet linear generation system and a research in the performance of the single-phase PMLG system are presented.A general mathematical model for the single-phase permanet magnet linear generator （PMLG） system is established and the current loop,voltage loop and the feedforward control are studied based on it for the control system.Then this paper analyses the transfer function of the power system,optimizes current loop and voltage loop parameters by engineering algorithm,and calculates the optimal control parameters.An EMF feedforward compensation method is developed to optimize the control system which improves dynamic performance of the power system but does not affect the steady-state performance.The result of this research verifies the correctness and rationality of the design for the control system.     

Reliable and Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Low-power design is one of the most important issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) , while reliable information transmitting should be ensured as well. Transmitting power (TP) control is a simple method to make the power consumption down, but excessive interferences from potential adjacent operating links and communication reliability between nodes should be considered. In this paper, a reliable and energy efficient protocol is presented, which adopts adaptive rate control based on an optimal TP. A mathematical model considering average interference and network connectivity was used to predict the optimal TP. Then for the optimal TP, active nodes adaptively chose the data rate with the change of bit-error-rate(BER) performance. The efficiency of the new strategy was validated by mathematical analysis and simulations. Compared with 802.11 DCF which uses maximum unified TP and BASIC protocol, it is shown that the higher average throughput can achieve while the energy consumption per useful bit can be reduced according to the results.     

Estimates of EEPROM Device Lifetime

A method was developed to estimate EEPROM device life based on the consistency for breakdown charge,QBD,for constant voltage time dependent dielectric breakdown(TDDB) and constant current TDDB stress tests.Although an EEPROM works with a constant voltage,QBD for the tunnel oxide can be extracted using a constant current TDDB.Once the charge through the tunnel oxide,△QFG,is measured,the lower limit of the EEPROM life can be related to QBD/△QFG.The method is reached by erase/write cycle tests on an EEPROM.     

Oscillation Test Strategy for Analog Filters by Monitoring Output Voltage and Supply Current

A test strategy for analog filters was proposed. The output voltage and supply current of the circuit were monitored when using the oscillation test technique. The frequency, average value, maximum value and amplitude of both output voltage and supply current were taken as test parameters. Tolerance bands of test parameters were analyzed. Fault detectabilities of test parameters were compared and combined, and optimal parameter sets were derived. Experimental results show that both the output voltage and supply current give significant contribution to fault detection. Considering catastrophic, single and double parametric faults, the fault coverage in testing the benchmark circuit can be raised from 90.6% for traditional voltageonly oscillation test strategy to 97.2% by monitoring both output voltage and current parameters.     

The Safety Parameters Monitoring System for the Coal Mine Based on CAN Bus Communication and Intelligent Data acquisition

In this paper, a monitoring and controlling system for the safety in production and environmental parameters of a small and medium-sized coal mine has been developed after analyzing the current domestic coal production and security conditions. The client computer can convert the analog signal about the safety in production and environmental parameters detected from the monitoring terminal into digital signal, and then, send the signal to the coal mine safety monitoring centre. This information can be analyzed, judged, and diagnosed by the monitoring-management-controlling software for helping the manager and technical workers to control the actual underground production and security situations. The system has many advantages including high reliability, better performance of real-time monitoring, faster data communicating and good practicability, and it can effectively prevent the occurrence of safety incidents in coal mines.     

Photoconductive study and carrier dynamics of vertically aligned GaAs nanowires

Single wire devices are generally fabricated to study the electrical and photoelectric behaviors of semiconductor nanowires(NWs);however detriment or contamination can hardly be avoided during manipulation of NWs under focused ion and electron beams.This could not be a trivial factor for III-V NWs which are candidates for high efficiency solar energy harvesting and sensitive photodetection.In this study an alternative way to probe the photoconductive property of individual epitaxial GaAs NWs is presented.For the sample preparation,a uniform spin-coated layer of polymer was selected to be the supporting medium for the vertically aligned NWs structure;then the adequate thinning and polishing of the sample exposed the NW tip and also achieved the required height of NW.An external power adjustable laser was introduced as the excitation source,and the dark and photoconductive currentvoltage properties of individual NW were measured by the conductive atomic force microscopy.The typical Schottky style photoconductive behavior was observed in the vertically aligned GaAs NW,and its photoresponsivity has been found to be much higher than that of the reported for single NW photodetector.Finally,a numerical model based on the experimental setup was established to simulate the photoelectric behavior of individual NW.The minority hole lifetime has been found to dominate the photoconductive current-voltage properties of NW under the positive sample bias,and can be derived from the quantitative fitting of experimental photo-IV curves.     

Fault Current Limitation with Superconducting YBCO Thin Films

The behavior of YBCO/metal bilayers under transport currents was explored in the framework of fault current limitation (FCL). Properties of the superconducting-normal transition were first studied phenomenologically during sweep current experiments. For current rates higher than 500A/s, the transition into the normal state was based on non-thermal phenomena and was characterized by a flux creep regime ended by a jump into the normal state. At lower sweep rates, a total diversion of the current in the metallic shunt was observed for temperatures higher than 85 K. In this regime, a partial recovery of the superconducting state took place due to a finite thermal resistance between the superconducting and the metallic films. These two properties of partial diversion into the shunt and of fast switching for a quick rise of the current during a default were exploited for current limitation at 77 K. FCL experiments at 50 Hz show that YBCO/Au bilayers limit the current in about 1 ms at a value of 2.5/c by developing electrical fields as high as 3 kV/m. Moreover, a recovery of the zero resistance state could occur under rated mode. A straightforward application of this property would be the transformer connection. Finally, results on DC current limitation and recovery under nominal mode were presented for the first time.     

Low-Voltage Transconductor with Wide Input Range and Large Tuning Capability

A CMOS triode transconductor was developed with common mode feedback suitable for operating in low-voltage and low-power applications.The design is based on a body-driven input stage with feedback loops to extend both the signal input range and the tuning capability.The effective transconductance of the body-driven triode stage is increased using a partial positive feedback technique which also partially solves the problem introduced by the small transconductance.This design uses the UMC 0.18 μm CMOS process.Simulations show the transconductor operated with 1 V supply voltage has less than 55 dB total harmonic distortions (THD) in the complete tuning range (0 V≤Vcont≤0.43V) for a 1 MHz 0.8 Vp-p differential input.The power consumption is 70 μW for a 0.43 V control voltage.     

Control strategies and hardware-in-the-loop simulation for bus signal priority

It is considered to be an important and effective means to give priority to the development of public transport which can improve the efficiency of using traffic resources and alleviate traffic jams , public transit signal priority belongs to the "time priority" among right-of-way priorities .In the review of existing bus priority signal control strategies and the progress of related technologies at home and abroad, this article analysis the condition of our country for the bus signal priority and a breakthrough in optimizing the design direction, then propose hardware and software systems and modules for the bus priority signal control system. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is introduced to evaluate and demonstrate bus priority signal control programs, which can better develop and optimize the control strategy.     

Optimal robust control for linear feedback systems in the presence of plant uncertainty

This paper has investigated how the optimization methods can be used to deal with plant uncertainty in linear feedback control design. Firstly, we define a weighted sensitivity error function based on robust redesign. Then, by modifying the nominal controller to minimize the variance of the actual system performance from the desired performance over the whole frequency range, we obtain an optimal robust design method for a class of stochastic model errors. Moreover, the result can be used to give a good prediction to the achievable average tracking performance and control energy for practical system designs. The validity of obtained results can be illustrated by the simulation research.     

Modulated Quasi-plane Tunneling Current

A new tutmeling junction can be formed by an insulator layer inserting into a quantum well, and in the quantum well, a quasi-plane tunneling current can be formed by applying a tunneling voltage. If a P-N junction is grown on the quantum well, the tunneling current can be modulated by a P-N junction-bias voltage. The modulated quasi-plane tunneling current is not only related to the bias voltage, but also to the depth of the quantum well. It is analyzed that the P-N junction-bias voltage how to affect the tunneling current and a method of measuring the depth of the quantum well is presented.     

Electricity Services Based Dependability Model of Power Grid Communication Networking

The technology of Ultra-High Voltage （UHV） transmission requires higher dependability for electric power grid. Power Grid Communication Networking （PGCN）, the fundamental information infrastructure, severs data transmission including control signal, protection signal, and common data services. Dependability is the necessary requirement to ensure services timely and accurately. Dependability analysis aims to predicate operation status and provide suitable strategies getting rid of the potential dangers. Due to the dependability of PGCN may be affected by external environment, devices quality, implementation strategies, and so on, the scale explosion and the structure complexity make the PGCN＇s dependability much challenging. In this paper, with the observation of interdependency between power grid and PGCN, we propose an electricity services based dependability analysis model of PGCN. The model includes methods of analyzing its dependability and procedures of designing the dependable strategies. We respectively discuss the deterministic analysis method based on matrix analysis and stochastic analysis model based on stochastic Petri nets.     

Three-Dimensional Stress and Stress Intensity for Tensioned Flat Plates with Edge Cracks

The stress in the thickness direction is an important factor influencing the fracture behavior of structural members. A stress σy tensioned flat plate with edge cracks is widely used as an analysis model. The stresses σx and σy for the plate model can be acquired from Neuber＇s solution. However, the solution is applicable only for a perfect plane stress or plane strain state. As a consequence of the thickness of the plate a three-dimensional （3-D） stress state will arise near the crack tip, resulting in a variation of the distribution of σx and σy stresses. A full analysis for the 3-D stress fields for a tensioned flat plate with edge cracks has been therefore carried out. The results show that the 3-D stress field near the crack tip is mainly determined by two factors： the thickness of the plate and the curvature radius at the crack tip. A further analysis has been carried out for the stress intensity near the crack tip. In this paper we give some equations matching to the 3-D stress and stress intensity, which describe precisely the stress state near the crack tip, and which can be applied effectively in engineering analysis.     

Control uncertain continuous－time chaotic dynamical system

The new chaos control method presented in this paper is useful for taking advantage of chaos.Based on sliding mode control theory, this paper provides a switching manifold controlling strategy of chaoticsystem, and also gives a kind of adaptive parameters estimated method to estimate the unknown systems‘ pa-rameters by which chaotic dynamical system can be synchronized. Taking the Lorenz system as example, and with the help of this controlling strategy, we can synchronize chaotic systems with unknown parameters and different initial conditions.     

Impact chaos control and stress release? -A key for development of ultra fine vibration milling

Through our previous experimental and analytical studies, it has been discovered that the key for the development of vibration milling is the impact chaos control and stress release. The necessities for the chaos control and stress release are: (i) to strictly eliminate the sub-harmonics; (ii) to control the super-harmonics to a lower level and (iii) to load the system compressively with relatively higher period, in order that the vibration energy can be absorbed by the particles effectively and sufficiently. A new vibration model for ultra fine milling is proposed, which has wide applications in preparing ultra fine particles.     

Optimization Design for Fixed Table of Gantry Machining Center Based on Sensitivity and Topology Analyses

In order to decrease the deformation and stress and increase the natural frequency of the fixed table,a method of optimization driven by the sensitivity and topology analyses is proposed.The finite element model of the fixed table is constructed and analyzed by using ANSYS software.Based on the results of static analysis and modal analysis,the maximum deformation,the maximum stress,and natural frequencies are obtained.Then,the sensitivity analysis and topology optimization are carried out to find out the parameters to be optimized.The fixed table is reconstructed according to optimal design scheme.In the comparison of the results between original model and the optimized one,the maximum deformation and stress are decreased by 71.73％ and 60.27％ respectively.At the same time,the natural frequencies from the first mode to the sixth mode are increased by 30.28％,29.57％,29.51％,31.52％,22.19％,and 21.80％,respectively.The method can provide technology guide for the design and optimization of machining structure.     

EMG oscillator model-based energy kernel method for characterizing muscle intrinsic property under isometric contraction

This paper presents a new method for estimating the isometric contraction force and the characterization of muscle’s intrinsic property.The method,called the energy kernel method,starts with converting the electromyography(EMG)signal into planar phase portraits,on which the elliptic distribution of the state points is named as the energy kernel,while that formed by the noise signal is called the noise kernel.Based on such stochastic features of the phase portraits,we approximate the EMG signal within a rectangular window as a harmonic oscillator(EMG oscillator).The study establishes the relationship between the energy of control signal(EMG)and that of output signal(force/power),and a characteristic energy is proposed to estimate the muscle force.On the other hand,the natural frequencies of the noise and the EMG signal can be attained with the energy kernel and noise kernel.In this way,the direct signal–noise recognition and separation can be accomplished.The results show that the representativeness of the characteristic energy toward the force is satisfactory,and the method is very robust since it combines the advantages of both RMS and MPF.Moreover,the natural frequency of the EMG oscillator is not governed by the MU firing rate of a specific muscle,indicating that this frequency correlates with the intrinsic property of muscle.The physical meanings of the model provide new insights into the understanding of EMG.     

Power Transformer Intelligence Monitor System

An auto-monitoring system has been created that could monitor the main parameter of power transformers. It reads data of V＆I by precision rectifier circuit and amplifier, and converted electric energy into pulse signal by means of sensor technique and pulse converter circuit, it is sent into microcomputer to process, completed monitoring to power transformer parameters and running state by software system. It can register all kinds of key data, and provide all kinds of virtual technical data for managing sections and can auto-form all kinds of electric annual reports and monthly reports analysis graphs such as managing graphs. It notably improves the safety and reliability of transformer, with strong anti-jamming technique and unique function, it can be used on the transformers in railway＇ s self-closing lines and all kinds of transformer stations.