GB代数的同态定理

本文对GB代数作了进一步研究,所得的主要结果为:定理2 设为GB代数,令G(X)={x_∈X|存在y∈X,使得x=y″},则是群伴代数且(X;*,e>∽.定理4 若是GB代数,令B(X)={x∈X|x″=e},那么为群伴代数且∽,这里Vx,y∈X,x～y当且仅当x*y,y*x∈B(X).     

正则BCK—代数

本文给出了正则元、正则BCK—代数的概念。得到了如下的主要结果:〈X;*,0〉是一个正则BCK—代数当且仅当■x∈X,■y∈X,y≠x,若 x*(y*x)=0,则x=0。     

在BCK-代数中同态映射保持理想

下面先给出 BCK－代数中的几个定义 　　定义 1设〈 X;＊, 0〉是一个 BCK－代数, X的一个非空子集 A被称为一个理想,如果它满足 　　(1)0∈ A　　(2)x∈ A, y＊ x∈ A, y∈ A(以后表示可推出 )　　定义 2设和〈 Y;＊ 1,θ〉是两个 BCK－代数,如果存在一个映射, f∶ X→ Y,使得对于任意的 x, y∈ X,有 f(x＊ y)=f(x)＊ 1f(y),则称 f为 X到 Y的一个同态映射,且称 X和 Y是同态的,记 X～ Y　　定义 3设 f是两个 BCK－代数到的一个同态,称集合 Ker(f)={x∈ X;f(x)=θ }为同态 f的核。 在 [1]中已有如下结论 …     

关于BCK—代数簇的一个问题

对W.H.Cornish提出的问题"关联BCK-代数簇是不是2-基的"给出一个肯定的回答:(2,0)型代数〈X;*,0〉是关联(BCK-代数,当且仅当它满足(1)x*(0*y)=x;(2)(x*z)*(x*y)=((y*z)*(y*x)x(x*y)).所以(1)和(2)是关联BCK-代数簇的一个3变量的极小等式基.     

Boo1e代数与双格半群

指出Boole代数类是双格半群类的真子类；有限Boole代数类是F-格半群类的真子类；当格群是Boole代数时，该格群一定是平凡的，同时给出一个双格半群(S， ，≤)是Boole代数的充要条件是：1．存在0∈S，任意x∈S，0≤x，0 x=x 0=x；2．任意x，y∈S，(x⊙y) x=x；3．任意x∈S，存在x′∈S，x⊙x′=x；4．任意x，y,x∈S，x xy=x xz，x⊙y推出x=y.     

伪补Ockham代数核理想同余关系的注记

理想是反映Ockham代数类结构的一个重要工具,利用伪补Ockham代数的核理想判别定理以及核理想同余关系表达式,研究了伪补Ockham代数的核理想的性质,证明了伪补Ockham代数核理想及其同余关系是同构的。主要结果为:(1)设L是伪补Ockham代数,符号I(L),I_k(L)分别表示L的理想和核理想构成的集合,则I_k(L)是I(L)的一个子格。(2)对于任意的I,J∈Ik(L),则R_I,R_J具有同余置换性,其中同余关系R_I定义为:(x,y)∈R_I(■a∈I)x∧a*=y∧a*。(3)设L是伪补Ockham代数,则I_k(L)■C_k(L),其中符号Ck(L)={RI(■a∈I)x∧a*=y∧a*,I∈Ik(L)}。所得结论为进一步研究Ockham代数类的代数结构提供理论支持,丰富了Ockham代数的发展。     

r-预不变凸函数的一个等价条件

在上半连续条件给出了r-预不变凸函数一个等价条件.本文利用上半连续函数在紧集上必有最大值,设K是关于η的开不变凸集,η满足条件C, f上半连续且满足f(y+η(x,y))≤f(x),(A)x,y∈K,得到f关于η为r-预不变凸函数当且仅当(E)α∈(0,1),(A)x,y∈K,s.t. F(y+αη(x,y))≤log(αerf(x))+(1-α)erf(y))(1)/(r),r≠0f(y+αη(x,y))≤αf(x)+(1-α)f(y),r=0.本文排除了K是开集这一条件,并且没用A在[0,1]上的稠密性.     

RL型蕴涵与Fuzzy推理的三I算法

引入了RL型蕴涵与正则RL型蕴涵的概念，系统地讨论了基于RL型蕴涵的三I算法、三IMT算法及其还原性，得到了这些算法的一般表达式，指出基于正则RL型蕴涵的三I算法与三IMT算法的表达式具有对偶形式；证明了当P表示条件{B(y)|y∈Y}真包含{A(X)|X∈X}时，基于RL型蕴涵的三I算法为P-还原算法，当P表示条件{A(x)|x∈X}真包含{B(y)|y∈Y}时，基于RL型蕴涵的三IMT算法为P-还原算法．     

算子代数上强保持k-斜Jordan乘积的映射

首先利用环理论方法证明:含有非平凡对称幂等元的对合素环R上的满射f强保持k-斜Jordan乘积,即满足_*{f(x),f(y)}_k=_*{x,y}_k=_*{x,_*{x,y}_(k-1)}对所有元x,y∈R成立,当且仅当f(x)=λx对所有x∈R成立,其中λ是R扩展中心的对称元且λ~(k+1)=1.这里,_*{x,y}=xy+yx~*是x与y的斜Jordan乘积.其次,给出该结果在算子代数上的应用.     

关于BZMVdM-代数的某些结果

一个BZMV^dM-代数是个具有一个乘法、结合二元算子＋及两个异常正交互补关系的系统：一个Kleen正交互补关系┐和一个Brouwerian单位～，任意BZMV^dM-代数是一个MV-代数，又是一个分配DE-摩根BZ一格，我们的主要结果是对任意BZMV^dM-代数（A，＋，┐，～，0）下面的性质成立：任意x，y∈A，（1）～～x=x当且仅当～x＋x=x当且仅当x＋x=x，（2）x^y=0当且仅当x≤┐y，（3）～（x＋y）=～x＋～Y，（4）x＋～x=1．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-