铜-水纳米流体流动与对流换热特性

建立了测量纳米流体流动与传热性能的实验系统, 测量了不同粒子体积份额的Cu-水纳米流体在层流与湍流状态下的管内对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数, 详细讨论了Reynolds数和纳米粒子体积份额对纳米流体对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数的影响. 实验结果显示, 在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增大了液体的管内对流换热系数, 而纳米流体的阻力系数并未增大. 例如, 在水中添加2.0%体积份额的Cu纳米粒子, 相同Reynolds数条件下, 纳米流体的对流换热系数比水增大了约60%. 综合考虑影响纳米流体对流换热的多种因素, 提出了计算纳米流体对流换热系数的关联式, 通过比较关联式的计算结果与实验数据, 表明关联式正确地描述了纳米流体对流换热过程, 可以用来计算纳米流体的对流换热系数.     

纳米流体的格子Boltzmann模拟

纳米流体是由流体与纳米粒子组成的胶体悬浮物, 与普通固液两相流相比, 其传热性能明显增强. 悬浮在流体中的纳米粒子会受到运动阻力、Brown力、粒子间扩散力、重力等内力或外力的影响, 因而其运动规律极其复杂. 根据纳米流体中粒子和液体介质的受力关系, 建立了纳米流体的格子Boltzmann流动与传热模型, 并用于分析纳米粒子的动态分布.     

银纳米流体横掠微针肋热沉流动和传热特性分析

采用单步化学湿法（超声膜扩散法）制备出了3种体积分数的水基银纳米流体,实验研究了纳米流体横掠新型水滴形微针肋热沉的流动和传热特性．结果表明：不同体积分数下的纳米流体压降差别很小;相同体积流量下,与基液比较,纳米流体进出口压降略有增加,但增加并不明显;与纯水相比,由于表面活性剂的引入增加了流体粘度,相同流量下,纳米流体的压降稍大于纯水值,但最大差距不超过10％．粒子的体积份额对纳米流体对流换热系数影响较大．纳米粒子的存在对换热性能有明显提高,但过高的黏度对纳米流体的强化传热效果有一定的抑制作用．与去离子水相比,当银粒子体积分数达到0．012％后,纳米流体的综合效果才能逐渐体现．     

磁性流体中纳米Fe3O4粒子包覆结构的研究

通过湿化学共沉淀法制备了高质量纳米Fe₃O₄磁性流体, 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HREM)对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 纳米磁性粒子粒径在8 ~ 10 nm, 最小4 nm, 属于超顺磁性范围. 纳米磁性微粒结晶完整, 晶界清晰, 表面活性剂对磁性微粒包覆良好, 在磁性微粒表面形成了均匀完整的球状无定形外壳. 研究表明, 表面活性剂包覆层对磁性微粒具有保护作用和稳定作用, 可提高和保持磁性流体的磁性能.     

Immunochemical characterization of antibody-coated nanoparticles

A new method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) through the BIAcore was used to demonstrate the specific interaction between an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (IOT4a), adsorbed on poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) (PMM 2.1.2) nanoparticles, and the CD4 molecule. The results obtained were compared with the interaction of the same immunonanoparticles with rabbit anti-mouse Fc antibodies. The molar ratio (Fc)/(Fab) was 1, suggesting that the same number of epitopes on the Fc and the Fab fragments were accessible after IOT4a adsorption onto nanoparticles. Comparing the observed association rates of free antibody and antibody adsorbed on nanoparticles, the number of molecules of IOT4a antibody on PMM 2.1.2 nanoparticles was estimated as between 2.6 and 3 per nanoparticle. The properties of the antibody-coated nanoparticles are compatible with their use as antibody-targeted pharmacophores.     

Proinsulin C-peptide elicits disaggregation of insulin resulting in enhanced physiological insulin effects

Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), proinsulin C-peptide was found to influence insulin-insulin interactions. In SPR with chip-bound insulin, C-peptide mixed with analyte insulin increased the binding, while alone C-peptide did not. A control peptide with the same residues in random sequence had little effect. In ESI-MS, C-peptide lowered the presence of insulin hexamer. The data suggest that C-peptide promotes insulin disaggregation. Insulin/insulin oligomer μM dissociation constants were determined. Compatible with these findings, type 1 diabetic patients receiving insulin and C-peptide developed 66% more stimulation of glucose metabolism than when given insulin alone. A role of C-peptide in promoting insulin disaggregation may be important physiologically during exocytosis of pancreatic β-cell secretory granulae and pharmacologically at insulin injection sites. It is compatible with the normal co-release of C-peptide and insulin and may contribute to the beneficial effect of C-peptide and insulin replacement in type 1 diabetics. Received 3 May 2006; received after revision 9 June 2006; accepted 12 June 2006 Free Online Access     

Cellular internalization of proinsulin C-peptide

Proinsulin C-peptide is known to bind specifically to cell membranes and to exert intracellular effects, but whether it is internalized in target cells is unknown. In this study, using confocal microscopy and immunostained or rhodamine-labeled peptide, we show that C-peptide is internalized and localized to the cytosol of Swiss 3T3 and HEK-293 cells. In addition, transport into nuclei was found using the labeled peptide. The internalization was followed at 37°C for up to 1 h, and was reduced at 4°C and after preincubation with pertussis toxin. Hence, it is concluded to occur via an energy-dependent, pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism and without detectable degradation within the experimental time course. Surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrated binding of HEK-293 cell extract components to C-peptide, and subsequent elution of bound material revealed the components to be intracellular proteins. The identification of C-peptide cellular internalization, intracellular binding proteins, absence of rapid subsequent C-peptide degradation and apparent nuclear internalization support a maintained activity similar to that of an intracrine peptide hormone. Hence, the data suggest the possibility of one further C-peptide site of action. Received 31 October 2006; received after revision 27 December 2006; accepted 30 December 2006     

Experimental study on the mechanical properties of rocks at high temperature

The mechanical properties of marble,limestone,and sandstone as well as the stress-strain curve,the varying characteristics of the peak strength,the peak strain and elastic modulus were studied by using the MTS810 Rock Mechanics Servo-controlled Testing System under the action of temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800℃.Results show that (1) the peak strength and elastic modulus of marble fluctuate at the temperature from normal to 400℃ ;and they decrease gradually over 400 ℃.(2) With the rise of t...     

Effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced Sn-Ag composite solder joint

Particulate size has significant influenced on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joints.In this current research,Cu or Ni reinforcement particles were mechanically added to the Sn-3.5Ag eutectic solder,and the effects of the particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joint were systematically studied. This investigation touched on how mechanical properties of the solder joints are affected by particles size.A quantitative formula was se...     

基于微小电极的气中电火花加工试验研究

为了解微小尺度电极的气中电火花加工性能,为进一步的气中微细电火花加工的深入研究进行必要的基础研究,本文在自行研制的加工装置上对气中小尺度电极的电火花加工工艺性能进行了研究.首先采用单因素法考察了微小尺度电极的气中电火花加工规律,并进行了正交试验研究,对实验现象进行了分析;最后进行了三维结构的电火花铣削加工试验.实验结果 表明,在一定的试验条件下,气中微小尺度电极电火花加工速度随着脉冲能量的增加而增加.在伺服条件不变的情况下,峰值电流和脉冲宽度是影响气中小尺度电极电火花加工速度及电极损耗的主要因素.实现了微小尺度电极的三维结构的加工,并在硅片上加工出了EDM字样.试验验证了进行气中微小电极电火花的可行性.     

基于自热修正的SOI NMOSFETs热载流子注入效应寿命预测方法

自热效应SHE（self-heating effect）是SOI MOSFETs可靠性研究的关键问题之一.在热载流子注入HCI（hot carrier injection）应力下会导致自热效应加剧,低估器件工作寿命,使得寿命预测不准.本文提出了一种基于直流HCI应力下的0.18μmPD-SOINMOSFETs可靠性寿命预测方法.通过栅电阻法提取沟道中因自热效应产生的温度,采用自热修正后的衬底电流/漏电流比率模型预测PD-SOI NMOSFETs在正常工作电压下的寿命值,预测结果与未消除自热影响预测出的寿命值存在较大差异,说明自热修正在寿命预测中不可忽略,否则会低估器件的工作寿命.     

硼的生物效应及健康影响研究进展

硼是动物所必需的一种微量元素,硼缺乏和硼过量都会产生不利的影响。通过动物试验,硼污染问题已经开始引起人们的重视。美国已将硼列入环境雌激素重点研究化学品之一。已有的三项针对硼作业人群的生殖健康影响研究结果不一致。有的研究表明缺硼或硼污染对人体健康均有害。本文对近30年来有关硼的生物效应及其对人体健康影响的研究进展进行了总结,并对今后研究方向提出了建议。     

基于Simulink的装载机行驶平顺性研究

装载机在我国社会主义现代化建设的进程中扮演着越来越重要的角色,其性能的好坏直接影响到工程建设的速度和效率。装载机作业环境比较恶劣,由于工作装置特殊的机械结构,当受到不平路面激励时,工作装置对车架产生猛烈冲击,引发整车的剧烈振动,严重时整车会产生前、后俯仰运动,影响工程车辆的作业效率。本文的研究是针对装载机工作装置的影响下而产生的振动,对整机的振动进行仿真,为提高工程车辆行驶平顺性和操作稳定性提供一定的参考依据。