铜-水纳米流体流动与对流换热特性

建立了测量纳米流体流动与传热性能的实验系统, 测量了不同粒子体积份额的Cu-水纳米流体在层流与湍流状态下的管内对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数, 详细讨论了Reynolds数和纳米粒子体积份额对纳米流体对流换热系数和摩擦阻力系数的影响. 实验结果显示, 在液体中添加纳米粒子显著增大了液体的管内对流换热系数, 而纳米流体的阻力系数并未增大. 例如, 在水中添加2.0%体积份额的Cu纳米粒子, 相同Reynolds数条件下, 纳米流体的对流换热系数比水增大了约60%. 综合考虑影响纳米流体对流换热的多种因素, 提出了计算纳米流体对流换热系数的关联式, 通过比较关联式的计算结果与实验数据, 表明关联式正确地描述了纳米流体对流换热过程, 可以用来计算纳米流体的对流换热系数.     

纳米流体的格子Boltzmann模拟

纳米流体是由流体与纳米粒子组成的胶体悬浮物, 与普通固液两相流相比, 其传热性能明显增强. 悬浮在流体中的纳米粒子会受到运动阻力、Brown力、粒子间扩散力、重力等内力或外力的影响, 因而其运动规律极其复杂. 根据纳米流体中粒子和液体介质的受力关系, 建立了纳米流体的格子Boltzmann流动与传热模型, 并用于分析纳米粒子的动态分布.     

银纳米流体横掠微针肋热沉流动和传热特性分析

采用单步化学湿法（超声膜扩散法）制备出了3种体积分数的水基银纳米流体,实验研究了纳米流体横掠新型水滴形微针肋热沉的流动和传热特性．结果表明：不同体积分数下的纳米流体压降差别很小;相同体积流量下,与基液比较,纳米流体进出口压降略有增加,但增加并不明显;与纯水相比,由于表面活性剂的引入增加了流体粘度,相同流量下,纳米流体的压降稍大于纯水值,但最大差距不超过10％．粒子的体积份额对纳米流体对流换热系数影响较大．纳米粒子的存在对换热性能有明显提高,但过高的黏度对纳米流体的强化传热效果有一定的抑制作用．与去离子水相比,当银粒子体积分数达到0．012％后,纳米流体的综合效果才能逐渐体现．     

纳米TiO2膜的光活性研究与应用现状

本文介绍了纳米TiO2膜的光催化机理，电荷传输特性以及制备方法，分别评述了一些制备方法和有待解决的问题，综述了纳米TiO2光催化膜和光电转换膜近期研究的一些成果和应用示例，叙述了纳米TiO2膜的研究现状，特别是明确了纳米TiO2膜近期的研究热点。     

填料粒径对各向同性导电胶渗滤阈值的影响

采用反向微乳液法,通过调节微乳液体系中表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化氨（CTAB）的浓度,制备了粒径范围在10～200nm的Ag纳米粒子．XRD和TEM对不同粒径的纳米粒子进行表征．以这些不同粒径的Ag纳米粒子作为各向同性导电胶的导电填料,发现对于不同粒径的Ag粒子填料,导电胶电阻率的阈值填充量是不同的．当填料粒径为50nm时,导电胶出现的最小阈值填充量为63wt％,理论计算结果与这一实验结果符合得很好．     

包覆镍膜的银粒子过热与熔化的分子动力学模拟及实验研究

采用分子动力学及镶嵌原子势模拟了包覆于Ni膜中的球形Ag粒子（含3055个原子）的熔化行为. 发现Ag粒子与Ni膜可形成半共格界面，从而抑制了粒子的表面熔化，使其熔点升高至1330 K，即相对Ag的平衡熔点((1230±15) K)过热100 K,而比相应的自由粒子的熔点约高290 K. 熔化以非均匀形核方式从有缺陷的局部界面处开始，并向粒子内部推进. 采用热分析方法，在熔体激冷制备的Ag/Ni条带中观察到平均粒径为30 nm的Ag粒子的过热度为70 K. 分析表明，用非均匀形核熔化理论可以很好地解释Ag粒子的过热行为.     

稀土-金属共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La3 、Ce3 单掺杂及La-Fe、Ce-Fe共掺杂TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD、FE-SEM等手段对样品的结构、形貌进行了表征.以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化舍物,考察了掺杂对光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明:稀土-金属掺杂抑制了TiO2锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,抑制了纳米晶体的生长.掺杂后TiO2光催化荆的光催化性能有明显提高,共掺杂TiO2光催化剂产生了协同效应,其光催化性能优于单掺杂样品,以La 0.5%-Fe 0.05%共掺杂效果最佳.     

Ag-Ag_2S/MoS_2的制备及在无酶电化学过氧化氢传感中的应用

本文设计并制备了一种用于无酶电化学过氧化氢传感的新型银-硫化银/硫化钼复合材料(Ag-Ag_2S/MoS_2).通过将单独合成的MoS_2水分散液和Ag纳米分散液进行混合,利用自组装的方法实现了Ag-Ag_2S/MoS_2复合材料的制备.结果发现, Ag-Ag_2S纳米颗粒均匀生长在由多层片状MoS_2堆积形成的花瓣上, Ag_2S主要存在于Ag纳米颗粒和MoS_2片层的接触界面处.将此复合材料用于电化学传感时,修饰的电极表现出诱人的无酶电化学H_2O_2传感性能,不但具有极宽的线性区间范围(0.01～160 mmol/L),而且保持很好的灵敏度17.1μA (mmol/L)~(-1)cm~(-2)和较小的最低检测限4.8μmol/L.这种优良的性能归因于Ag, Ag_2S颗粒和MoS_2片层三者间的协同作用:Ag和MoS_2本身都具有良好的过氧化氢催化活性, Ag纳米颗粒和1T相MoS_2能显著提高复合材料的导电性能,界面形成的少量Ag_2S为Ag和MoS_2间的电子传输提供了通道.进一步的分析表明,这种基于Ag-Ag_2S/MoS_2复合材料的传感器还表现出卓越的选择性、良好的稳定性和重现性.     

镧掺杂对TiO2薄膜性能的影响

用sol—gel法于玻璃表面制备了镧掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、原子力显微镜（AFM）对其进行了表征。通过接触角测量仪测量亲水角来表征其亲水性能，并根据紫外光照射下亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解率评价其光催化性能。研究了镧掺杂量、热处理温度对纳米TiO2薄膜亲水性能和光催化效果的影响。研究发现，镧掺杂可以提高TiO2薄膜的亲水性能并且在黑暗条件下能将亲水性保持更长一段时间；镧掺杂可以提高TiO2薄膜的光催化效率，扩展TiO2薄膜的光谱吸收范围。     

磁性流体中纳米Fe3O4粒子包覆结构的研究

通过湿化学共沉淀法制备了高质量纳米Fe₃O₄磁性流体, 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨电子显微镜(HREM)对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 纳米磁性粒子粒径在8 ~ 10 nm, 最小4 nm, 属于超顺磁性范围. 纳米磁性微粒结晶完整, 晶界清晰, 表面活性剂对磁性微粒包覆良好, 在磁性微粒表面形成了均匀完整的球状无定形外壳. 研究表明, 表面活性剂包覆层对磁性微粒具有保护作用和稳定作用, 可提高和保持磁性流体的磁性能.     

铁银共掺杂TiO2纳米材料的制备及性能

本文采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了Fe^3＋、Ag单掺杂以及Fe^3＋Ag共掺杂的TiO2复合材料,采用XRD、SEM研究分析了样品晶体的结构变化和形貌。以甲基橙为光催化反应模型化合物,考察了掺杂对光催化活性的影响。无论是单掺杂还是共掺杂,掺杂后效果明显提高,性能均优于纯TiO2,特别是共掺杂效果更为明显。根据最后试验共掺杂的最佳比例Fe^3＋0．1％、Ag0．7％,确定了共掺杂降解环境的最佳pH值。     

The hypothesis of the genetic transmission (autosomal recessive) of subtypes of HBs Ag. The example of Kel Kummer]

In a study of asymtomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) in a closed population, the Twareg Kel Kummer, 18% of the population (79 individuals out of 439 tested) were found to be carriers of one of the 3 sub types: HBs Ag/a2 1 dw, HBs Ag/a2 1 yw and HBs Ag/a3 yw. Evidence from genealogies and the distribution of carriers in the pyramid of ages strongly supports the hypothesis of genetic transmission of the gene sub type as an autosomal recessive.     

Intestinal epithelial barrier and mucosal immunity

Regulated mechanisms sustain the ability of the gut immune system to discriminate harmless food antigens (Ag) and commensal bacteria from pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in tolerance versus protective immunity, respectively. Antigens of the gut commensals are not simply ignored, but rather trigger an active immunosuppressive process, more commonly known as oral tolerance, which prevents the outcome of immunopathology. Both intrinsic properties of the gut microenvironment and cellular actors, as well as peripheral events induced by systemic dissemination of oral Ag, promote the induction of regulatory mechanisms that ensure maintenance of gut homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide a synthetic update on the mechanisms of oral tolerance, with particular emphasis on the complex interplay between regulatory CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells and the gut microenvironment.     

激光剥离制作无机纳米粒子

纳米粒子具有高的表面积，呈现更佳的物理与化学特性，常用于塑橡胶的添加物来改善或增进应用的特性，有许多纳米粒子的制作方法已商用化，激光剥离方式以脉冲能量自物体表面产生纳米粒子，为制作各种纳米粒子尤其组成或晶相复杂的纳米粒子的重要方法。随使用靶材的微结构与晶相，可经由剥离条件的调整获得多晶相的纳米粒子，粒径在50纳米以下同时呈现圆形的外观，纳米粒子的组成由靶材组成，反应性气体与激光能量决定。使用如氧化钛光触媒之还原效果，进一步在纳米粒子表面披覆银粒子，具有核壳结构的纳米粒子具有更多的特性，有更大的应用潜力。     

Non-A non-B hepatitis virus: demonstration of a double antigenic and structural kinship with hepatitis B virus

Major antigenic identity has been demonstrated by immunodiffusion between the Ag described by Shirachi and confirmed by us (NANB/e) in the serum on non A non B hepatitis and the HBe/3 specificity of hepatitis B virus (HBV). A second Ag (NANB/c) linked to the core of a new virion morphologically similar to HBV and also associated with ADN polymerase activity as recently described, has been identified and purified from an infected liver. This NANB/c Ag also cross reacts with HBc Ag. These results confirm that HBV and the NANB virus defined here belong to the same new class of DNA viruses.     

Dielectric properties of BST/MZO ceramic composites

Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Mg1-xZnxO(MZO,x=0,0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.20) ceramic composites were prepared by traditional ceramic processing.The crystal structure,fracture surface morphology,and dielectric properties were investigated.The samples with x=0,0.05 and 0.10 exhibited favorable sintering behavior,and homogeneous diphase microstructure was obtained. Nevertheless,the microstructure of the samples with x=0.15 and 0.20 was inhomogeneous and abnormal grain growth could be observed,and the abnormal grain growth induced the degradation of dielectric strength.The sample with x=0.10 has relatively low dielectric loss(1.26×10-3) and the optimal FOM value(about 174) .     

Immunochemical characterization of antibody-coated nanoparticles

A new method using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) through the BIAcore was used to demonstrate the specific interaction between an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (IOT4a), adsorbed on poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) (PMM 2.1.2) nanoparticles, and the CD4 molecule. The results obtained were compared with the interaction of the same immunonanoparticles with rabbit anti-mouse Fc antibodies. The molar ratio (Fc)/(Fab) was 1, suggesting that the same number of epitopes on the Fc and the Fab fragments were accessible after IOT4a adsorption onto nanoparticles. Comparing the observed association rates of free antibody and antibody adsorbed on nanoparticles, the number of molecules of IOT4a antibody on PMM 2.1.2 nanoparticles was estimated as between 2.6 and 3 per nanoparticle. The properties of the antibody-coated nanoparticles are compatible with their use as antibody-targeted pharmacophores.     

Effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced Sn-Ag composite solder joint

Particulate size has significant influenced on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joints.In this current research,Cu or Ni reinforcement particles were mechanically added to the Sn-3.5Ag eutectic solder,and the effects of the particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joint were systematically studied. This investigation touched on how mechanical properties of the solder joints are affected by particles size.A quantitative formula was se...     

Synthesis of brookite-typed titania from titanium chloride solution

The brookite-phase TiO2 was prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis of titanium chloride solution.The thermolysis time and the pH value of the solution were controlled during the synthesis.X-ray diffraction experiments showed that TiO2 powders partially containing the brookite-phase were successfully obtained.A great amount of OH -in the reaction solution was found to be important to obtain the brookite phase because the intermediate complex leading to the brookite phase consumes more OH-than other phases like...     

Dielectric tunable properties of BaTi_4O_9-doped Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3 microwave composite ceramics

BaTi4O9-doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST) composite ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction and their structure,dielectric nonlinear characteristics and microwave dielectric properties were investigated.The secondary phase of the orthorhombic structure Ba4Ti13O30 is formed among BST composite ceramics with the increase of BaTi4O9.At the same time,a duplex or bimodal grains size distribution shows fine grains in a coarse grain matrix.The degree of frequency dispersion of dielectric permittivity below Tm is increased initially and then decreased with respect to BaTi4O9.As the BaTi4O9 content increases,the tunability of composite ceramics decreases,while the Q value increases.Interestingly,70 wt%BaTi4O9-doped BST has a tunability～4.0%(under 30 kV/cm biasing) versus a permittivity～68 and quality factor ～134.1(at～3.2 GHz) .