烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

老年人生活空间移动性影响要素研究进展

 老年人生活空间移动性是老年人在日常生活中能动生活状态的重要表征。在梳理老年人生活空间移动性相关概念、测度方法基础上,分析了物质环境要素和非物质环境要素对老年人生活空间移动性的影响;提炼出有效支持老年人生活空间移动性的中观环境规划、微观环境设计和政策文化扶助层面的策略;指出了老年人生活空间移动性的研究建议和发展方向。     

民间法正义观的转型

研究了国家法的抽象正义观与民间法的情理正义观,认为西方国家法的抽象正义观与东方民间法的情理正义观存在实质的不同,原因在于思维方式、超验与经验传统、政治结构的差别。在现代法治理念下,传统民间法所代表的正义观将向混合正义观转型,西方法治所代表的国家法抽象正义观是其骨架。     

关于农业区划地图集中的统一协调问题

图集的统一协调,对图集质量有很大影响。本文是作者在编制北京市农业区划地图集的实践基础上,根据地图信息传输论的观点,对农业区划地图集的统一协调的内容及方法进行了探讨。试图总结编制这类图集的统一协调模式,以供读者编图时参考。     

接受美学的期待之路——读者接受与文学的创新

文学发展的动力之一在于创新。在接受美学诞生之前,学者们往往从作家的角度讨论文学创新问题。本文用接受美学的理论探讨文学创新的问题。笔者将文学创新的标准与读者接受相结合,就创新的三个方式与期待视野的方法论进行了初步的探讨。最后得出的结论是:读者期待视野的提高是作家作品创新的主要依据,作家在文学创作中应该充分考虑读者的接受才能做到创新。     

行政机关违法设定许可的法律责任探析

对于行政许可违法的法律责任问题，人们往往是从行政许可实施违法的角度进行研究，而对于设定违法及其责任追究的探讨却相对薄弱。然而。行政许可设定一旦违法，其对相对人和社会公共利益的损害将会更大，因此，对许可设定的违法及其责任问题进行研究，以避免违法行政行为的发生，促进政府依法行政，不仅必要而且是非常有意义的。     

圈幂补图的树宽

基于“前沿分支”的观点研究了圈幂补图的树宽，首先确定了它的树宽下界，又给出了达到此下界的标号，从而得到了它的树宽表达式。     

非线性单主元企业组织规模发展的突变分析

该文简述了突变现象的研究,探讨了突变的内涵;讨论了影响企业组织规模的因素;从定性的角度对企业组织规模发展的突变作了研究,从定量方面给出了非线性企业组织规模的一般函数,探讨了它的近似问题;结合例子,应用突变理论,对企业组织规模发展的折叠型、尖点型突变进行了分析,对寻找突变点的方法进行了小结。     

蛋白质“酶解度”概念的探究

分析了蛋白质水解度参数在监测蛋白质酶解过程中的不足,并根据蛋白质酶解过程特点提出了酶解度的概念与测定方法。将酶解度定义为一个比值,用于描述蛋白质酶解体系中新增肽链数相对于原有肽链数的变化,可以有效反映酶对蛋白质的酶切过程。根据酶解度的定义,只要分别测定出酶解前的体系中肽链数目与酶解后体系中的肽链增量,通过计算两者的比值就可以计算出该条件下的酶解度。体系中的肽链数目可以通过甲醛滴定法测定出体系中的游离氨基数与新增自由氨基数来计算。     

动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律的正确表述

现行力学教材和普通物理教材大都把动量守恒定律和动量矩守恒定律视为质点组动量定理和动量矩定理的推论，忽视了守恒星的本质意义，是不正确的．本文绘出正确表述．     

宏观收入分配不等性分析

宏观收入量的分配不仅反映一个国家总体消费的基础水平，而且影响到各阶层消费水平及消费方式．虽然一个国家的宏观收入量的分配不可能绝对平等，但是不等性的大小往往影响到社会和经济的发展，影响到社会的稳定．本文采用洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数来描述宏观收入的不等性，并结合实际情况对我国宏观收入的不等性进行了具体的分析．