Lentinacin: a new hypocholesterolemic substance inLentinus edodes

Zusammenfassung Aus dem Speisepilz «Shiitake» (Lentinus edodes) wurde ein neues Adeninderivat isoliert und Lentinacin genannt. Seine chemische Struktur wurde mit 2(R), 3(R)-Dihydroxy-4-(9-adenyl)-buttersäure durch die vollständige Synthese identifiziert. Lentinacin senkt den Cholesterinspiegel bei Ratten.     

2,6-Dichlorobenzylidene amino guanidine acetate (Wy-8678). A new hypotensive agent

Zusammenfassung Bei unanästhesierten Ratten und Hunden wurden die antihypertensiven Eigenschaften von 2,6-Dichlorobenzyliden-Aminoguanidin-Azetat (WY 8678), welches zu einer neuen Reihe von aktiven Substanzen gehört, sowie noch einige andere klinisch wirksame Substanzen an zwei experimentellen Modellen für Hypertension geprüft und dabei eine wesentliche Blutdrucksenkung festgestellt.     

Spermine as a new growth-promoting substance forHelianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem Artichoke) in vitro

Riassunto È stato per la prima volta dimostrata che la spermina (10^–4 M) ha un effetto di crescita simile a quello dell'acido indolacetico sugli esplanti diHelianthus tubarous in vitro.     

Demethylcephaeline,a new alkaloid fromAlangium lamarckii. Characterization of AL 60, the hypotensive principle from the stem-bark

Résumé A partir de l'écorce de la tige d'Alangiumlamarckii Thw., une base, C₂₇H₃₆N₂O₄ (p.f. 147–149°, []_d-53,5°) ainsi que de la céphaeline, psychotrine, desméthylpsychotrine et tubulosine ont été isolées. Cette nouvelle base est identifiée comme déméthylcéphaeline, montrant que le principe hypotendu AL 60, précédemment obtenu de la même provenance est un mélange de psychotrine, de céphaeline et de déméthylcéphaeline.     

Hyperemin,a new vasoactive substance which regulates the metabolic responses of the coronaries

Zusammenfassung Unter bestimmten Bedingungen gelang im Koronarsinusblut der Nachweis einer Substanz, welche eine normale reaktive Hyperämie der Koronargefässe vergrössern und eine gewichene reaktive Hyperämie wiederherstellen kann. Diese Substanz hebt DNP- und CN-Effekte auf und scheint mit bisher bekannten gefässaktiven Substanzen nicht identisch.     

Acceleration of the speed of neuronal growth by a new neurotropic substance: N-isopropyl-amino-2-pyrimidine]

16 hrs. after per os administration of 14C N-isopropyl-amino-2-pyrimidine (IAP) in the Rat, radioactivity of the sciatic nerve is significantly higher than in plasma and other organs. In vitro IAP (base, orthophosphate or dichloracetate) accelerates neurite outgrowth of explained spinal ganglion after 48 hrs. of incubation in nutritive medium. Results suggest that IAP incorporated in nerve cell acts on cellular mechanisms controlling nerve growth.     

Observations on the renal clearance and the volume of distribution of polyfructosan-S,a new inulin-like substance

Zusammenfassung Es wird über die renale Clearance und das Verteilungsvolumen einer neuen inulinartigen Substanz, Polyfructosan-S, die gegenüber Inulin einige Vorteile hat berichtet. Renale Clearance und Verteilungsvolumen von Polyfructosan-S entsprechen bei nierengesunden und nierenkranken nichtödematösen Personen den mit Inulin ermittelten Vergleichswerten.     

Newton’s substance monism, distant action, and the nature of Newton’s empiricism: discussion of H. Kochiras “Gravity and Newton’s substance counting problem”

This paper is a critical response to Hylarie Kochiras’ “Gravity and Newton’s substance counting problem,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 40 (2009) 267-280. First, the paper argues that Kochiras conflates substances and beings; it proceeds to show that Newton is a substance monist. The paper argues that on methodological grounds Newton has adequate resources to respond to the metaphysical problems diagnosed by Kochiras. Second, the paper argues against the claim that Newton is committed to two speculative doctrines attributed to him by Kochiras and earlier Andrew Janiak: i) the passivity of matter and ii) the principle of local causation. Third, the paper argues that while Kochiras’ (and Janiak’s) arguments about Newton’s metaphysical commitments are mistaken, it qualifies the characterization of Newton as an extreme empiricist as defended by Howard Stein and Rob DiSalle. In particular, the paper shows that Newton’s empiricism was an intellectual and developmental achievement that built on non trivial speculative commitments about the nature of matter and space.     

Gravity’s cause and substance counting: contextualizing the problems

This paper considers Newton’s position on gravity’s cause, both conceptually and historically. With respect to the historical question, I argue that while Newton entertained various hypotheses about gravity’s cause, he never endorsed any of them, and in particular, his lack of confidence in the hypothesis of robust and unmediated distant action by matter is explained by an inclination toward certain metaphysical principles. The conceptual problem about gravity’s cause, which I identified earlier along with a deeper problem about individuating substances, is that a decisive conclusion is impossible unless certain speculative aspects of his empiricism are abandoned. In this paper, I situate those conceptual problems in Newton’s natural philosophy. They arise from ideas that push empiricism to potentially self-defeating limits, revealing the danger of allowing immaterial spirits any place in natural philosophy, especially spatially extended spirits supposed capable of co-occupying place with material bodies. Yet because their source ideas are speculative, Newton’s method ensures that these problems pose no threat to his rational mechanics or the profitable core of his empiricism. They are easily avoided by avoiding their source ideas, and when science emerges from natural philosophy, it does so with an ontology unencumbered by immaterial spirits.     

Microspectrography of formaldehyde and fluorescamine-induced fluorescence in rabbit pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: demonstration of a new, probably polypeptide intracytoplasmic substance

The microspectrographic analysis of the fluorescence emitted by NEB's in gaseous formaldehyde-fixed lung tissue, posttreated with fluorescamine, revealed the presence of numerous primary amino groups which are clearly different from the serotonin identified in our earlier studies and correspond to a new, probably a polypeptide intracytoplasmic substance.     

Microspectrography of formaldehyde and fluorescamine-induced fluorescence in rabbit pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies: Demonstration of a new,probably polypeptide intracytoplasmic substance

Summary The microspectrographic analysis of the fluorescence emitted by NEB's in gaseous formaldehyde-fixed lung tissue, posttreated with fluorescamine, revealed the presence of numerous primary amino groups which are clearly different from the serotonin identified in our earlier studies and correspond to a new, probably a polypeptide intracytoplasmic substance.Supported by a grant from the Council for Tobacco Research (USA) and the National Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Belgium). We thank C. Armee, M.-R. Van Hamme and E. Swinnen for technical, G. Pison for photographical and N. Tyberghien for secretarial assistance.