基于BTS数据集的航班延误分类和预测算法

针对神经网络分类模型对美国联邦运输统计局(Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS)航班数据集中的不均衡数据预测误差较大的问题,采用自适应合成采样算法(adaptive synthetic sampling approach, ADASYN)和合成少数类过采样算法(synthetic minority over-sampling technique, SMOTE)对航班延误类别进行平衡处理,并用随机森林(random forest, RF)模型进行训练和贝叶斯调参。结果表明：与不经过平衡采样的方法比较,该方法在权重平均下的精确率、召回率和F₁评分分别提高了19%、8%和16%;分类预测准确率提升8.03%,模型拟合指数AUC(area under curve)提升5.4%。同时,采用多特征相融合的图神经网络模型Graph WaveNet对航班平均延误时间进行预测。实验结果表明：与单特征模型比较,该模型平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别降低了16%和12.45%。这些方法和结果对研究航班延误分类和预测算法研究具有参考价值。     

针对不平衡数据集的入侵检测算法

采用少类样本合成过采样技术(SMOTE)与二叉树多类支持向量机(BTSVM)相结合的入侵检测算法来解决实际应用中经常遇到的类别不平衡的分类问题.该方法首先对不平衡类别的训练集使用BTSVM分类,然后对求出各分类器中的支持向量使用SMOTE方法进行向上采样,最后用不平衡类别的测试集在新的分类模型中进行测试.实验结果表明本算法能够有效地提高不平衡数据集的分类性能.     

基于SMOTE和机器学习的网络入侵检测

网络入侵检测已经广泛运用机器学习模型,但是研究者们多关注模型选择和参数优化,很少考虑数据不平衡的影响,往往会导致少数类入侵样本的检测效果较差.针对该问题,以SMOTE （synthetic minority oversampling technique）数据再平衡算法为研究重点,应用入侵检测数据集KDD99作为原始训练集,使用简单抽样和SMOTE算法生成再平衡训练集.采用多种机器学习模型分别在原始训练集和再平衡训练集进行5折交叉验证.实验结果表明,与原始训练集相比,使用再平衡训练集建模能够在不降低甚至提高多数类样本识别效果前提下,使少数类样本的识别准确率和召回率增强10%～20%.因此,SMOTE算法对不平衡样本下的网络入侵检测有显著的提升作用.      

面向不平衡数据集的一种精化Borderline-SMOTE方法

合成少数类过采样技术(SMOTE)是一种被广泛使用的用来处理不平衡问题的过采样方法,SMOTE方法通过在少数类样本和它们的近邻间线性插值来实现过采样.Borderline-SMOTE方法在SMOTE方法的基础上进行了改进,只对少数类的边界样本进行过采样,从而改善样本的类别分布.通过进一步对边界样本加以区分,对不同的边界样本生成不同数目的合成样本,提出了面向不平衡数据集的一种精化Borderline-SMOTE方法(RB-SMOTE).仿真实验采用支持向量机作为分类器对几种过采样方法进行比较,实验中采用了10个不平衡数据集,它们的不平衡率从0.064 7到0.536 0.实验结果表明:RB-SMOTE方法能有效地改善不平衡数据集的类分布的不平衡性.     

一种针对类别不平衡的代价敏感集成算法

现实世界中的数据挖掘经常涉及从类别分布不平衡的数据集学习,少数类的数量相比于其他类较少.从包含少数类的数据集中学习,通常会产生偏向于多数类的预测分类器,但对少数类的预测精度较差.针对少数类学习提出一种新的集成算法Cost-SMOTEBoost,该算法是SMOTE算法和AdaCost算法的结合.通过实验表明,Cost-SMOTEBoost算法在不降低精确率的情况下提高了召回率,从而提高了在分布不平衡数据集上的表现.     

基于SMOTE采样和支持向量机的不平衡数据分类

不平衡数据集广泛存在,对其的有效识别往往是分类的重点,但传统的支持向量机在不平衡数据集上的分类效果不佳.本文提出将数据采样方法与SVM结合,先对原始数据中的少类样本进行SMOTE采样,再使用SVM进行分类.人工数据集和UCI数据集的实验均表明,使用SMOTE采样以后,SVM的分类性能得到了提升.     

改进随机子空间与决策树相结合的不平衡数据分类方法

提出一种改进随机子空间与C4.5决策树算法相结合的分类算法.以C4.5算法构建决策树作为集成学习的基分类器,每次迭代初始,将SMOTE采样技术与随机子空间方法相结合,生成在特征空间和数据分布上差异明显的合成样例,为基分类器提供多样化的平衡训练数据集,采用绝大多数投票方法进行最终决策的融合输出.实验结果表明,该方法对少数类和多数类均具有较高的识别率.     

一种改进的SMOTE算法

少数类样本合成过抽样技术(SMOTE)是一种过抽样数据预处理算法,是在两个少数类之间随机插入一个新的少数类样本.为了解决SMOTE算法生成少数样本随机性的局限性,在考虑多数类样本分布会对少数样本的生成产生影响的基础上,提出了改进的SMOTE算法.在WEKA平台上分别使用改进前后的SMOTE算法对选用的UCI数据集进行过抽样数据预处理,并使用朴素贝叶斯、决策树和K邻近分类器对过抽样后的数据集进行分类,选择几何均数(G-mean)和曲线下面积(AUC)两个评价指标,实验显示改进后的SMOTE算法预处理的数据集的分类效果更好,证明改进后的SMOTE算法生成的少数类样本更加合理.     

基于特征优化生成对抗网络的在线交易反欺诈方法研究

为了降低在线交易欺诈数据的不平衡性对欺诈检测效果的影响,提出了一种基于特征优化生成对抗网络的在线交易反欺诈方法。该方法建立了WGAN网络包括生成模型和判别模型,对数据进行Key特征选取,在数据生成过程中进行Gumbel-softmax技巧采样输出,优化生成数据质量和提高训练稳定性;交替训练判别模型和生成模型直至模型收敛;接着将收敛的生成模型作为样本生成器生成少数类样本对原始数据进行平衡处理;利用平衡处理后的数据训练分类模型并进行模型评估。通过实验证明,该方法生成数据的效果优于SMOTE及其变种方法。     

面向不平衡数据分类的最近邻三角区域合成少数类过采样技术

针对传统的合成少数类过采样技术(synthetic minority oversampling technique,SMOTE)在类别区域重合的数据集应用时,可能产生多个更接近多数类的人工样例,甚至突破类别边界,从而影响整体分类性能的情况,提出了一种最近三角区域的SMOTE方法,使合成的人工样例只出现在少数类样例的最近三角区域内部,并且删除掉距离多数类更近的合成样例,从而使生成的样例更接近少数类,且不突破原始的类别边界。实验分别在人工数据集和改进的UCI数据集上进行,并和原始的SMOTE方法分别在G-mean和F-value的评价指标上进行了对比。实验结果验证了改进的SMOTE方法在类别区域有重合的数据集上要优于原始SMOTE方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that