基于AGENT建模的重大疾病传染仿真系统分析

Agent的建模仿真是重大疾病传染建模仿真的发展方向。在深入分析美国相关计算机仿真系统的基础上,基于agent理论和技术,分析设计了重大疾病传染与控制仿真系统的总体框架、体系结构和逻辑结构。对系统关键模型如大气流动模型、疾病病毒散布模型、个体Agent传染模型、Agent感染效应模型和城市地理信息模型等进行了探讨。然后,构建了一个重大疾病传染仿真原型系统。研究可指导重大疾病传染仿真系统的构建,以及该过程涉及的各种模型和技术细节。     

Multiple-criteria decision support systems: The powerful tool for attacking complex,unstructured decisions

The purpose of this research is to introduce the basic concept of multiple-criteria decision support systems (MCDSS) and to provide a general framework for building an effective MCDSS, a powerful tool for managing complex, unstructured decisions. Although various techniques for multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) have been developed, this paper investigates the functions and properties of goal programming model-based MCDSS, the role of decision makers and MCDM models in the decision-making process, and the dynamic interaction between the model and the decision maker. The potential benefits of the MCDSS are also explained.     

分布式任务计划动态调整模型及算法

战时任务计划的动态调整是当前作战指挥领域研究的热点问题。首先描述了分布式兵力组织的组成要素,对规划问题进行了建模,并且提出了平台定价模型。然后设计了一个分布式的协作框架,用来实现任务计划的动态调整,该框架由两个模块构成,第一部分是内部模块,该模块包括一个N-best算法和一个反馈策略,完成决策实体内部的二次分配;第二部分是外部模块,当任务精度低于期望值时调用此模块,实现决策实体间的协作。最后通过仿真实验证明了该模型的有效性,并讨论了模型在不同情况下的适用性。     

基于蒙特卡罗模拟的直觉正态云多准则群决策方法

定义了直觉正态云模型,提出了基于直觉正态云的多准则群决策方法.该方法将不同决策者给出的不确定决策信息看作是直 觉正态云中部分云滴的集合,以此对云的参数加以估计.同时,为了比较决策者对不同方案的偏好,设计了直觉正态云发生算法,并 利用该算法通过蒙特卡罗模拟生成各方案综合表现云的云滴样本并进行统计,按统计结果来对各方案综合评价云进行排序.最后实 例说明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

香港住宅产业发展的系统动力学研究

以系统思想为出发点 ,通过建立一个系统动力学模型 ,对香港住宅产业发展这样一个社会济系统问题作些探讨 .致力寻找出这个系统中各类因素的互相影响与互相制约的动态关系 ,并将主要的关系尽可能地作出定量的描述 .经成功构造模型后 ,利用计算机仿真模拟得出政策决策者关心的趋势性结论 .在某个指定的时间区间内 ,这些结论的指导除了会使住宅产业发展迂更明确的方向性外 ,同时也是对政策的一种重要的支持 .用系统动力学方法研究香港城市住宅产业发展 ,在该领域是一项新的尝试.     

基于熵的装备维修系统效能评估与仿真

装备维修系统是复杂的动态多尺度系统,对其进行效能评估面临着巨大挑战.从流的角度出发,按照流关系和系统拓扑将维修系统分成策略、信息和决策控制三个尺度,由此建立维修系统的流模型及其效能测度框架,并引入维修效能熵来考察维修系统效能.具体到维修策略尺度,根据维修活动触发机制,构建了包含预防性维修、修复性维修和基于状态的维修等多种策略的系统模型.仿真和计算表明,混合策略下复杂装备维修系统的特性可用二阶系统来逼近.由此得到的效能曲线显示,装备维修系统是开放系统,其运作过程是熵增过程,必须按照其效能变化而实时改变其管理和控制策略.     

基于延迟时间理论的备件维修多目标优化模型

在系统的健康管理中可靠度、可用度或维修费用的极值通常被用作确定维修周期的准则,但随着装备系统的复杂化和决策者需求的多样化,单目标决策问题已不能满足现状,由此,针对定期检测策略,建立了基于延迟时间理论且考虑不完美维修的多目标决策模型,并运用多属性效用理论对模型求解。首先建立该策略下的可靠度、可用度和维修费用模型;然后将三者视为属性,构造每个属性的效用函数;之后采用基于逼近理想解排序法思想的赋权法对属性权重赋值,通过加权获得不同维修周期的综合效用值,根据效用值确定维修周期;最后引入算例,验证模型的有效性和可行性。     

Functions and Inter-Relationships of Operating Agencies in Policy Implementation from a Viable System Perspective

Existence of supporting entities and their cohesive operations are important elements in industry development policy undertaken in emerging economies, which are characterized by heavy government interventions and involved many agencies and institutions. One of the models that emphasizes on cohesiveness as a precondition for viability is the viable system model (VSM). In this study, we adopt the VSM in combination with theories of innovation and innovation system as our conceptual framework to describe and explain the functions and relational structure that exist among agencies/institutions and that of the agencies with their environment elements within one policy level system implementation. We select a biotechnology industry development policy for our analysis, the implementation of which has been designated as a strategic vehicle to support the economic development goals of an emerging economy. The findings, which generate a model of the policy-level system implementation, explain the operating agencies’ functions and their inter-relationships. The emergent model provides policy makers and implementers recommendations for improvements, as well as offers future researchers potential for comparison between existing performance of a policy implementation against its expected performance targets. The study concludes that the biotechnology industry development is an effort by the Malaysian government to institutionalize biotechnology businesses and industry. The perspective of systems thinking, in combination with theories of institutionalization, innovation and innovation system, provide important foundations in explaining technology-based industry development. All these findings highlight that the knowledge gain in explaining and interpreting the problem in focus is worthwhile, although the use of VSM as a research tool demands considerable efforts.     

COVID-19病毒防控多智能体仿真模型

新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的防控是当前维护世界公共卫生安全的重点工作,据此提出运用多智能体建模仿真技术构建COVID-19病毒防控模型,以模拟在不同防控措施下的疫情动态发展趋势。以太原市为例,依据已发现的COVID-19病毒传播规律,制定各类居民智能体之间的交互传染与状态转换规则,实现了COVID-19病毒传播的防控决策仿真模型,在政府和医院的不同政策措施下进行了多情景仿真实验。实验结果表明多智能体建模方法可有效分析新型冠状病毒传播趋势,为城市疫情防控提供决策支持。     

面向应急管理的人工社会元建模方法

针对非常规突发事件应急管理建模的需要探索新的方法,面向应急管理的人工社会元建模方法尝试利用元模型描述人工社会基本要素,利用领域建模方法刻画应急管理领域模型,采用模型变换和代码生成支持计算实验.本文以公共卫生突发事件应急管理研究为案例,利用人工社会元建模方法构造了人工社会元模型、突发事件模型、应急管理模型,并采用仿真模型代码生成技术直接产生计算实验模型代码框架.案例的构造过程表明面向应急管理的人工社会元建模方法是一种自洽的、贴近应急管理问题研究的建模方法,可以在集成项目的工作中发挥重要的作用.     

Computer assistance in environmental mediation

Environmental disputes, such as landfill site location, air and noise pollution, acid rain, pollution spills, and groundwater contamination, represent serious problems in our modern society. Because environmental issues are of a high interest to the public, in general, and to affected interest groups, in particular, it is of great importance to explore the possibilities of joint gains in order to resolve these conflicts effectively. There is an increasing number of third-party intervenors who use mediation techniques for exploring these joint solutions for solving environmental disputes. In many instances, the decision makers involved in an environmental problem possess several options and the number of parties affected can be very large. Additionally, a mediator involved in seeking joint solutions to an environmental dispute has to make quick and reliable decisions in order to intervene in the most effective manner. For these and other reasons, the development of a decision support system capable of finding the possible resolutions to an environmental conflict and capable of handling preference information in an efficient manner will enable mediators to make better decisions. The major objective of this paper is to present a systematic framework for employment by mediators to find compromise solutions in environmental disputes. Within this framework, the DecisionMaker program is employed as a decision support system to assist the mediator to identify and expand the zone of agreement of the participants involved in an environmental conflict.     

Application of MIGP in Phosphate Rock Districts Development Planning and System Economic Evaluation

This paper, based on the study results of a subproject under the Seventh Fiveyear-plan National Major Scientific and Technological Research Project, will concentrate on the application of the mixed integer goal programming in the studies on the optimization and comprehensive evaluation of investment decision and production planning in Yichang phosphate rock district in Hubei Province and in Dianchi district in Yunnan Province. The optimization models for mineral district development planning system are formulated through system analysis. A microcomputer software based on the combination of mixed integer programming and goal programming is developed to continuously implement the calculation for the mathematical model with arbitrary objective priority levels and for a group of such models. And a system economic evaluation model is developed to measure the profitability of optimal planning system scenarios. Finally, a large amount of output information are provided for the reference of decision makers.     

Analyzing market competition between Airbus and Boeing using a duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution

A duo hierarchical graph model for conflict resolution is developed to investigate market competition between Airbus and Boeing over aircraft sales in the Asia Pacific region. The duo hierarchical graph model, a significant extension of the graph model for conflict resolution methodology, contains two common decision makers, who take part in two related subconflicts, as well as local decision makers, who participate in only one subconflict. New stability definitions are proposed to describe forms of sanction unique to the hierarchical model. The interrelationships between stabilities in the overall graph model and in the two local models are investigated. Then the duo hierarchical graph model is applied to the competition between Airbus and Boeing in both the wide and narrow body markets in the Asia-Pacific region. The two types of Asian airlines have different operating strategies, so that the two markets constitute sub-competitions that can be modelled naturally using the duo hierarchical graph model. The stability results indicate a resolution for all decision makers that implies marketing strategies for the aircraft manufacturers and guidelines for aircraft purchase by the airlines. Thus, this model provides decision makers with a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the competition and guidance in identifying beneficial actions.     

基于多主体和前景理论的应急风险决策仿真研究

针对多部门参与的突发事件应急风险决策的建模与仿真问题,提出了一种基于多主体和前景理论的仿真模型及仿真框架。通过引入Agent思想,描述了应急风险决策的多Agent体系结构模型,并对决策主体进行建模;通过引入前景理论思想,着重考虑了随着突发事件的动态演化决策者心理状态变化对决策结果产生的影响。在此基础上,设计并实现了多Agent应急风险决策仿真框架。以石油化工厂火灾应急风险决策为例,验证了仿真模型及框架的有效性和可行性。     

中国城镇企业职工基本养老保险基金的精算建模

基本养老保险制度是中国养老保险体系最重要的支柱。本文以城镇企业职工基本养老保险制度为例,建立基本养老保险基金收支的精算模型,与已有社会保障基金的测算模型相比,本文模型假设缴费状态和退休时间均为随机变量,根据基本精算原理刻画制度规定的所有现金流,以2005-2008年北京市城镇职工基本养老保险数据为例,测算结果表明,本文模型的预测结果与实际吻合.本文模型全面、客观地刻画了中国基本养老保险制度,可作为基本养老保险基金未来收支测算的规范精算模型.     

Study on the System Design of Multiple Expert Systems Integrated Decision Support System

There has been an increasing interest in integrating decision support systems (DSS) and expert systems (ES) to provide decision makers a more accessible, productive and domain-independent information and computing environment. This paper is aimed at designing a multiple expert systems integrated decision support system (MESIDSS) to enhance decision makers' ability in more complex cases. The basic framework, management system of multiple ESs, and functions of MESIDSS are presented. The applications of MESIDSS in large-scale decision making processes are discussed from the following aspects of problem decomposing, dynamic combination of multiple ESs, link of multiple bases and decision coordinating. Finally, a summary and some ideas for the future are presented.     

可修复备件系统库存决策仿真优化模型

针对可修复备件系统库存决策问题,在考虑系统成本和保障率的前提下,建立一个仿真优化集成模型。该模型分析了可修复备件系统结构和流程,应用离散系统仿真技术实现了可修复备件库存的仿真,并以禁忌搜索算法为基础建立优化仿真框架,对备件库存数量的最优解进行仿真寻优计算。优化仿真结果表明,该模型合理、有效、可行。     

Evaluating Climate Change Discourse in New Zealand

Issues of social responsibility, ethics and interdependence, as well as the pragmatic imperative to better understand complexity, require that diverse viewpoints be invited and given credence by policy makers seeking imaginative ‘solutions’ to climate change. This paper explores the statutory introduction of biofuels into New Zealand by way of the discourses that preceded this decision. This inquiry used Critically Systemic Thinking and ‘Mode 2’ Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to engage with multiple stakeholders to the Biofuels policy to discover how the discourse was conducted. It concludes that the process of policymaking was framed in technical rationalist terms thereby favouring certain ‘worldviews’ over others. Accordingly, a model of ‘ideal’ discourse and decision making for governing the conduct of future public discourse is presented. This inquiry assists in re-establishing SSM as a rigorous and reflexive approach to analysing a complex issue and for enhancing collective learning into its content and process.     

基于SMP2的仿真模型测试方法研究

仿真模型的有效性评估一直是建模与仿真领域研究的重要课题。在工程大系统的仿真模型集成过程中,由于传统仿真模型的验证方法受到建模方法和建模语言的多样性以及模型重用语境变化的影响,使工程总体难以确定导致系统行为产生偏差的模型单元。从测试的角度以SMP2（仿真模型可移植性规范）为基础提出层次化语境驱动的仿真模型测试方法论,从测试框架的描述机制、测试框架的分解机制以及面向测试的仿真模型验证方法等三个方面讨论方法论的具体内容,为基于SMP2的仿真模型提出可测试性设计方法。     

防空雷达预警监视系统建模与仿真框架及实现

针对防空雷达预警监视系统作战呈现的体系对抗特点,基于CAS理论和实体M&S方法,提出了一种由"一个核心"、"二个系统"和"四个模型"组成的防空雷达预警监视系统建模与仿真一体化框架,其中,"一个核心"为SEBI-TE(System Entity Behavior Interaction-Task Efficiency)方法,"二个系统"为真实系统和仿真系统,"四个模型"包括概念模型、数学模型、仿真概念模型和仿真模型;并简述了框架的各个组成部分;最后,通过雷达群站系统在有源压制背景下探测空中突防目标的建模与仿真实例分析,验证了该框架的有效性和优越性。