孕烯醇酮和孕烯醇酮硫酸盐对小鼠不同脑区~3H-GABA与GABA_B 受体结合的影响

采用放射配体受体结合分析法 ,研究了孕烯醇酮 (Pe)和孕烯醇酮硫酸盐 (Pes)对小鼠不同脑区3H GABA与GABAB 受体结合的影响 .结果显示 ,Pe对小鼠下丘脑、大脑皮层、海马、小脑GABAB 受体的结合均有抑制效应 ,且能被GABAB 受体激动剂巴氯芬 (Bac)所阻断并翻转 .Pes对大脑皮层、海马、小脑GABAB 受体的结合有抑制作用 ,而对下丘脑则有促进作用 .Bac能阻断Pes的抑制作用 (海马除外 ) ,加强Pes的促进作用 .实验结果提示 ,Pe ,Pes对各脑区GABAB 受体的结合具有一定的影响作用 ,且多为抑制效应     

孕烯醇酮和孕烯醇酮硫酸盐对小鼠全脑切片摄取3H-γ-氨基丁酸的影响

用离体脑片培养和同位素示踪法 ,研究了不同浓度 ( 0 .0 1～ 10 0μmol/L )的孕烯醇酮 ( Pe)和孕烯醇酮硫酸盐( Pes)对小鼠全脑切片摄取 3 H-γ-氨基丁酸 ( 3 H-GABA)的影响 .结果表明 :0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 μmol/L Pe使 3 H-GABA的摄取量增加 ,而 10～ 10 0μmol/L Pe使摄取量降低 ( P均 <0 .0 0 1) .0 .0 1～ 10μm ol/L Pes对 3 H -GABA的摄取无显著影响 ,而 10 0 μmol/L 的 Pes使摄取量显著增加 ( P<0 .0 0 1) .用印防己毒素、荷包牡丹碱、戊巴比妥钠和巴氯芬分别与 0 .0 1μm ol/L Pe共同使用 ,均能明显增加脑片对 3 H-GABA的摄取 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 0 1) .以上结果提示 ,Pe、Pes均能通过影响 GABA的摄取而调节 GABA能系统的活动 ,其影响效应与 Pe、Pes的浓度密切相关 .     

青霉素惊厥与脑中GABA_A和GABA_B受体亲和力的关系

脑室微量注射青霉素（１１．９ｍｇ·ｍｌ－１，１５μｌ）制作小白鼠惊厥模型；并以同位素示踪法研究大脑皮层、小脑、海马、下丘脑四个脑区ＧＡＢＡＡ和ＧＡＢＡＢ受体亲和力的变化。结果显示，青霉素惊厥时大脑皮层和小脑ＧＡＢＡＡ受体亲和力显著减弱，而海马、下丘脑ＧＡＢＡＡ受体亲和力无变化；青霉素惊厥使四个脑区中ＧＡＢＡＢ受体均显著下降。提示，除了海马和下丘脑的ＧＡＢＡＡ受体以外，四个脑区的ＧＡＢＡＡ和ＧＡＢＡＢ受体均参与了青霉素的致惊厥过程。青霉素可能通过竞争内源性ＧＡＢＡ与ＧＡＢＡＡ和ＧＡＢＡＢ受体的结合，阻断了ＧＡＢＡ介导的突触前和突触后抑制效应并增加了兴奋性递质的释放，显示了惊厥效应。     

不同致惊药物对小鼠不同脑区~3H-GABA与GABA_A受体结合的影响

用放射配体受体结合分析法,测定致惊药物红藻氨酸（ｋａｉｎｉｃ, Ｋ Ａ）和印防己毒素（ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ, Ｐｉｃ）对小白鼠下丘脑、大脑皮层、海马、小脑四个脑区３ Ｈ Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ 和 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体结合的影响。结果显示, Ｋ Ａ、 Ｐｉｃ均能明显降低各脑区３ Ｈ Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ和 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体的结合量,除 Ｐｉｃ 对下丘脑无显著差异外,其余均有显著性差异（ Ｐ＜０．０５ 或 Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。实验结果提示： Ｋ Ａ 和 Ｐｉｃ均能降低 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ Ａ 受体的结合量,但是它们是通过不同的途径间接或直接地影响 Ｇ Ａ Ｂ Ａ 能系统活动的     

孕酮对小鼠不同脑区和卵巢、子宫中[^3H]—GABA与GABAA受体结合的影响

采用放射配体受体结合分析的方法，研究了小鼠大脑皮层，小脑，海马，下丘脑四个脑区和卵巢，子宫中孕酮对外源性（＾３Ｈ）ＧＡＢＡ与ＧＡＢＡＡ受体结合的影响，结果表明；１）孕酮使中枢四个脑区和子宫外源性（＾３Ｈ）－ＧＡＢＡ的结合量显著下降；２）ＧＡＢＡＡ受体拮抗剂Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ与孕酮＋Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｉｘｉｎ对（＾３Ｈ）－ＧＡＢＡ结合的影响无明显差别；（３）在卵巢中孕酮对（＾３Ｈ）－ＧＡＢＡ与ＧＡＢＡ     

乙醇对小鼠不同脑区^3H-GABA与GABAA受体结合的影响

采用放射配体受体结合分析法,研究急性注射乙醇对小鼠不同脑区ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体饱和曲线以及与３ＨＧＡＢＡ 结合的影响．结果表明,急性注射乙醇３０ｍｉｎ 后,ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体饱和曲线出现大幅度上移,乙醇能明显提高３ＨＧＡＢＡ 与ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体的结合,对小脑、下丘脑、海马及大脑皮层分别提高２０ ％ 、１６ ％ 、３０ ％ 、和２８ ％ ．乙醇能逆转ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体拮抗剂如印防己毒素（Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ） 、荷包牡丹碱（Ｂｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｉｎｅ） 等对受体结合的抑制作用,其中对Ｐｉｃ 作用最为显著．戊巴比妥钠（Ｂａｒｂｉｔｕｒａｔｅ） 、蝇蕈醇（ Ｍｕｓｃｉｍｏｌ） 、氨氧乙酸（Ａｍｉｎｏｏｘｙａｃｅｔｉｃ ａｃｉｄ） 在乙醇作用下均不同程度地提高受体的结合量．巴氯芬（Ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ） 对ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体的结合有一定程度的降低作用．说明乙醇能通过提高ＧＡＢＡ 与ＧＡＢＡＡ 受体的结合,实现对中枢的抑制作用     

药物对小白鼠不同脑区GABA_A受体与外源性GABA_A结合的影响

用同位素示踪法测定药物对小鼠四个不同脑区的GABA_A受体与外源性GABA结合的影响。GABA_A受体颉颃剂Picrotoxin,bicuculline,青霉素,和GABA-T抑制剂AOAA均使大脑皮层的受体结合显著增加,中枢兴奋剂戊四唑使之显著地减少。AOAA使海马的受体结合显著增加,戊四唑及安定使之显著减少。蝎毒使下丘脑的受体结合显著增加,而戊四唑使之显著减少。AOAA、蝎毒、bicuculline、picrotoxin使小脑的受体结合显著增加。     

正常状态下黑线仓鼠脑内c-fos的基础表达

目的：研究正常状态下黑线仓鼠脑内前脑皮层、海马和下丘脑区c-fos的基础表达。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法（SABC）检测c-fos蛋白在黑线仓前脑皮层、海马和下丘脑区的表达,以昆明品系小鼠为对照,建立足底电击急性应激小鼠模型。结果：正常生活状态下黑线仓鼠脑内前脑皮层、海马和下丘脑区c-fos蛋白广泛表达;其中海马CA1和CA3区c-fos阳性神经元相对数量较少,海马DG区、前脑皮层和下丘脑区c-fos阳性神经元相对数量较多;与正常小鼠相比,前脑皮层c-fos阳性神经元显著增多（P〈0.01）。应激小鼠各脑区c-fos阳性神经元数量明显增多,与正常小鼠比较有统计学显著差异（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。各脑区c-fos阳性神经元平均目标灰度值结果类似。结论：正常状态下黑线仓鼠脑内c-fos蛋白的表达可能与动物的行为活动和内分泌、空间认知功能以及复杂运动的调控密切相关。     

孕酮对小鼠不同脑区和卵巢、子宫中[~3H]-GABA 与 GABA_A 受体结合的影响

采用放射配体受体结合分析的方法，研究了小鼠大脑皮层、小脑、海马、下丘脑四个脑区和卵巢、子宫中孕酮对外源性［３Ｈ］－ＧＡＢＡ与ＧＡＢＡＡ受体结合的影响，结果表明：１）孕酮使中枢四个脑区和子宫中外源性［３Ｈ］－ＧＡＢＡ的结合量显著下降；２）ＧＡＢＡＡ受体拮抗剂Ｐｉｃｒｏ－ｔｏｘｉｎ与孕酮＋Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ对［３Ｈ］－ＧＡＢＡ结合的影响无明显差别；３）在卵巢中孕酮对［３Ｈ］－ＧＡＢＡ与ＧＡＢＡＡ受体的结合无明显影响。这表明中枢和子宫存在的孕酮，能降低ＧＡＢＡＡ受体对外源性［３Ｈ］－ＧＡＢＡ的结合，而且可被Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ所拮抗，提示孕酮可能通过影响ＧＡＢＡＡ的功能，发挥巴比妥样效应，并且其作用位点可能与Ｐｉｃｒｏｔｏｘｉｎ的位点靠近。     

三种致惊药对小鼠不同脑区GABAA受体抑制效应的比较研究

采用放射配体受体结合分析法和动物行为观察,研究了致惊药印防己毒素(picrotoxin,Pic)、青霉素(Penicillin,PG)、红藻氨酸(kainic acid,KA)对小白鼠大脑皮层、海马、小脑三脑区3H-GABA与GABAA受体结合的影响.结果显示,Pic、PG、KA均能明显降低各脑区3H-GABA与GABAA受体的结合量,除PG对海马无显著差异外,其余均有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且抑制效应PG强于Pic和KA.实验结果提示:Pic、PG、KA的致惊作用均可以通过降低GABAA受体的结合量而实现,但它们影响GABA能系统活动的途径及效应存在差异.     

Presence of a low molecular weight endogenous inhibitor on 3H-muscimol binding in synaptic membranes

The specific binding of 3H-muscimol to synaptic membrane preparations obtained from the rate brain has been though to reflect the association of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a potential candidate as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), with its synaptic receptors. Treatment of synaptic membranes with Triton X-100 significantly increases the specific binding of 3H-muscimol. Several reports also indicate the presence of endogenous substances, such as GABA, acidic protein and phosphatidylethanolamine, which inhibit Na-independent binding of 3H-GABA in the synaptic membranous fractions from the rat brain. We report here that in the supernatant obtained from Triton-treated synaptic membranes there exists a new type of endogenous inhibitor of 3H-muscimol binding which is apparently different from the inhibitory substances described previously. The new inhibitor has a low molecular weight (MW) and probably originated from neurones rather than glial cells. We have termed this endogenous inhibitor the GABA receptor binding inhibitory factor (GRIF).     

3H-baclofen and 3H-GABA bind to bicuculline-insensitive GABA B sites in rat brain

The presence of a novel receptor for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on peripheral autonomic nerve terminals and in mammalian brain slices has been described recently. This receptor differs from the classical GABA site as it is unaffected by recognized GABA antagonists such as bicuculline and is not sensitive to the majority of accepted GABA-mimetics such as 3-aminopropanesulphonic acid (3-APS) or isoguvacine. We propose to designate the classical site as the GABA A and the novel site as the GABA B receptor. The beta-p-chlorophenyl derivative of GABA, baclofen, is stereospecifically active at the GABA B site whereas it is devoid of activity at the classical GABA A3 site. We now report that high-affinity saturable binding of 3H-baclofen and 3H-GABA to the GABA B site can be detected in fragments of crude synaptic membranes prepared from rat brain. The results support the concept of a novel GABA receptor within the mammalian brain and show that GABA and baclofen can compete for the same recognition site.     

Molecular heterogeneity of benzodiazepine receptors

Benzodiazepines exhibit reversible, stereospecific high affinity binding to mammalian brain membranes, and the respective binding sites for 3H-flunitrazepam represent pharmacologically and clinically relevant receptors for benzodiazepines. Recently it has been demonstrated that reversibly bound 3H-flunitrazepam becomes irreversibly attached to a specific membrane protein with apparent molecular weight of 50,000 when incubations are performed in the presence of UV light. Irreversible binding of 3H-flunitrazepam to this protein had pharmacological properties similar to reversible benzodiazepine receptor binding, indicating that 3H-flunitrazepam is a photoaffinity label for the benzodiazepine receptor. Using irreversible binding of 3H-flunitrazepam and subsequent electrophoretic separation of the labelled proteins in SDS-gels followed by fluorography, we found that in hippocampus and several other brain regions at least two different types of benzodiazepine receptors exist. Each seems to be associated with a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor.     

GABA autoreceptors regulate the induction of LTP.

Understanding the mechanisms involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) should provide insights into the cellular and molecular basis of learning and memory in vertebrates. It has been established that in the CA1 region of the hippocampus the induction of LTP requires the transient activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system. During low-frequency transmission, significant activation of this system is prevented by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated synaptic inhibition which hyperpolarizes neurons into a region where NMDA receptor-operated channels are substantially blocked by Mg2+ (refs. 5, 6). But during high-frequency transmission, mechanisms are evoked that provide sufficient depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane to reduce this block and thereby permit the induction of LTP. We now report that this critical depolarization is enabled because during high-frequency transmission GABA depresses its own release by an action on GABAB autoreceptors, which permits sufficient NMDA receptor activation for the induction of LTP. These findings demonstrate a role for GABAB receptors in synaptic plasticity.     

东亚钳蝎提取物对致痫小鼠大脑GABAA受体活性的影响

目的:研究东亚钳蝎提取物对戊四氮致痫小鼠发作潜伏期的作用并探讨其机理。方法:采用戊四氮致痫小鼠模型,给予实验动物东亚钳蝎提取物灌胃,并以丙戊酸钠为对照,观察其对致痫小鼠发作潜伏期和大脑GABAA受体结合活性的影响。结果:东亚钳蝎提取物中剂量组(500 mg/kg)的惊厥潜伏期比模型鼠明显延长(p<0.05),大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性显著提高(p<0.001)。低剂量(250 mg/kg)和高剂量(1 000 mg/kg)治疗组与阳性对照药的作用相当。结论:东亚钳蝎提取物的抗癫痫作用机理可能与提高大脑皮层GABAA受体的结合活性有关。