火花塞热值测定及其点火的波形分析

本文着重通过对火花塞正常点火和炽热点火离子电流显示的波形分析介绍在大量试验中观察到的一些新的现象和其中的内在联系，并对与波形分析密切相关的火花塞热值测定作了必要的介绍，最后还就离子电流作为燃烧现象的讯号在内燃机中的进一步应用作了探讨．     

离子电流法在不正常点火中的实验模拟

在定容燃烧弹上,利用离子电流法,通过测量燃烧过程中的离子电流信号,对不正常点火进行了检测,即通过调整两对点火电极之间的间隙和点火时间,来模拟发动机火花塞和排气门附近的早火和后火等不正常点火情况。结果发现:不正常点火时,离子电流波形在形状及幅值上与正常点火时存在较大的差异,即火花塞电极附近发生早火时,离子电流波形在主点火信号之前出现了离子电流;排气门附近发生早火或后火时,离子电流波形出现了2个峰值,该离子电流第1峰值大于正常点火时的第1峰值,第2峰值小于正常点火时的第2峰值。该结果可为发动机不正常点火检测提供依据,且方法简单、易行。     

盲源分离法在火花塞离子电流信号分离中的应用

针对发动机燃烧过程在线监测中,以火花塞作为传感器测量并分析离子电流信号时,测得的离子电流信号易受到火花点火干扰的问题,将基于独立分量分析的盲源分离方法应用于实测火花塞电流信号的分离.采用盲源分离法对实测火花塞离子电流信号进行分析,能够很好地抽取出无火花尾干扰的离子电流信号和点火火花尾信号,其离子电流在上止点附近和压力峰值附近分别出现明显的火焰前锋区和焰后区两个峰值.对同一转速、不同废气再循环(EGR)率的实测离子电流信号进行了盲源分离,结果表明:随着EGR率的增大,离子电流的两个峰值均会减小,且峰值出现的时刻均有所推迟,同时点火火花尾对离子电流信号的干扰也会增强.     

火花塞离子电流传感器在发动机敲缸探测上的应用研究

提出了一种直接利用火花塞作为检测传感器测量发动机爆震的新方法 .通过在火花塞电极两端加偏置电压 ,测量燃烧过程中流经火花塞的离子电流 ,从而判断发动机是否爆震 .在ＤＡ4 6 2 -Ａ四缸汽油机上进行了大量的试验研究 ,采集出了爆震与非爆震时的离子电流信号 ,发现有爆震时会出现一定频率的高频信号叠加在离子电流信号上 .对所采集的信号进行快速傅里叶 (ＦＦＴ)变换 ,确定试验用发动机爆震的特征频域为10～ 11ｋＨｚ .实验结果证明 ,火花塞作为离子电流传感器是探测火花点火发动机爆震的有效、便捷方法 .火花塞离子电流传感器在发动机敲…     

汽车火花点火系统电磁干扰的抑制方法

汽车发动机由高电压电火花点火,点火过程产生的电磁波辐射对车载无线电接收机及周围电磁环境都会造成电磁干扰.汽车点火系统对外的电磁干扰主要来源于火花塞和高压点火线,通过建立火花塞的等效电路模型,研究了流过火花塞气隙的点火脉冲电流ip与高压点火线上点火电流i之间的传输函数G(ω),仿真分析比较了不同阻值的电阻型火花塞和电感型火花塞传输函数的幅频特性,从而在不影响点火性能的情况下,获得抑制汽车火花点火系统电磁干扰的有效方法,为汽车电系的电磁兼容设计提供有价值的理论参考.     

点燃式发动机火花塞离子电流的数学模型

针对火花塞离子电流的应用问题,基于点燃式发动机在燃烧过程中特定时城内燃气呈等离子体状态的认识,分析研究了发动机燃烧室内燃气离子化的过程；综合运用化学动力学、热力学和等离子体物理学的有关理论和定律,推导出点燃式发动机火花塞离子电流的数学模型．模拟结果表明：离子电流信号强度与火花塞中心电极截面以及火花塞间隙间外加偏置电压成正比,与火花塞间隙成反比；离子电流还受燃气等离子体中带电粒子迁移率和带电粒子浓度的影响,且直接正比于这两个参量；离子电流在特定时城内的变化呈现双峰值状态,这是由于在燃气离子化进程中,带电粒子浓度将呈现两个高峰期．     

基于火花塞离子电流信号点燃式发动机早燃状态的检测

简单阐述火花塞离子电流法的基本原理,以NFl57FMI汽油发动机为例设计一套火花塞离子电流检测系统．基于气缸内燃烧时产生的离子电流信号,经小波阂值去噪后分析其波形特点,根据其获得的燃烧信息实现对发动机早燃状态的检测．     

一种霍尔式电子点火系统工作性能试验

测试了德国产5DA．006．623-031霍尔式电子点火系统的霍尔传感器、达林顿管和点火线圈次级输出三个主要节点的工作信号。根据所测量的数据计算了达林顿管输出电能、点火线圈存储的电磁能及火花塞放电当量电流等参数,分析表明,该点火系统能保证发动机可靠起动、升速及稳定工作,但也存在系统能量耗损较大的缺点,从而为实现该种电子点火系统的优化控制提供了基础数据。     

汽车点火系统电磁干扰的模拟仿真

点火系统工作时初级回路的瞬变电压引起的传导干扰将对蓄电池电压造成冲击,并通过导线干扰车内ECU和其它电子设备的正常工作;同时火花塞间隙击穿时的火花电流噪声对车内形成极强的辐射干扰.根据点火过程中初级电路和次级回路建立的电路模型,计算了点火线圈初级电压、电流在开关闭合到断开过程中的波形变化和次级回路的火花电流,并将高压导线等效为单极天线计算了在车内的辐射电场分布,比较了高压导线的工作频率和终端负载的影响.研究表明,采用阻尼导线和增大火花塞内电阻都可以有效抑制火花电磁噪声.     

车用发动机点火系统火花塞匹配探讨

现代发动机强化程度日益增高，点火系统中火花塞的工作条件变得更加苛刻，本文探讨了点火系统设计与改造中火花塞选择与匹配应考虑的各种因素，分析了不同的选择对发动机性能与火花塞寿命的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that