局部急冷磨削表面残余应力的研究

残余应力的性质与大小直接影响零件的物理机械性能。采用局部急冷新工艺进行磨削试验,结果表明可使零件表面获得残余压应力,为控制与调整已加工表面应力状态、提高零件表面质量提供了一条有效的途径。     

工程陶瓷磨削表面残余应力与磨削条件及零件性能的关系研究

作为特殊的硬脆工程材料,陶瓷零件的表面性能对表面应力状态非常敏感,残余压应力在一定程度可以提高零件强度和表面性能,尤其是提高断裂强度,残余拉应力的作用则相反;磨削参数的选择和磨削温度对残余应力有很大的影响,改善磨削条件可以改善表面性能,在一定范围内加大磨削深度、降低磨削温度有利于产生对表面性能有益的残余压应力。     

缓进给强力磨削表面残余应力的试验研究

用机械法测定了缓进给强力磨削表面残余应力,并对如何提高测试精度和表面残余应力计算精度作了简要说明。在试验基础上对缓进给强力磨削表面残余应力的性质、大小、分布特点和形成机理,以及各种磨削条件对其表面残余应力的影响进行了分析讨论。     

小切深磨削表面微结构损伤机理及影响

针对小切深磨削条件下工件表面微结构损伤,理论分析了磨削残余应力与磨削微裂纹之间的关系;运用有限元仿真分析法,获得不同磨削条件下45钢工件表面残余应力的数值及其分布云图,并分析不同磨削深度和冷却条件对其磨削残余应力的影响.最后基于不同的磨削条件,对45钢试件进行磨削试验,通过测量不同试件的表面残余应力,验证仿真结果的正确性;同时,通过观测不同磨削参数下的试件表面SEM图,研究不同磨削表面的微结构损伤.试验结果表明,采用适当的磨削参数和条件可以有效减少和避免磨削表面微结构损伤.     

基于微晶刚玉砂轮的20 CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削表面完整性

为研究微晶刚玉砂轮成型磨削20CrMnTi齿轮的表面完整性,开展了20CrMnTi齿轮成型磨削试验,分析了砂轮线速度、轴向进给速度及径向进给量对齿面粗糙度、表层/次表层显微硬度、微观组织和残余应力的影响规律,探讨了由磨削引起的磨削烧伤、微观裂纹等损伤缺陷的形成机理,结果表明:径向进给量对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,砂轮线速度次之,轴向进给速度最不显著;磨削温度过高会导致磨削烧伤,淬火烧伤使得表面硬度提高5%~20%,回火烧伤则导致表面硬度不同程度地下降;表层组织从外至内分别为白层、暗层和基体组织,白层主要由致密的马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体组成;砂轮线速度和径向进给量的增大使得由磨削引起的残余拉应力增大,表面残余压应力下降并逐渐向拉应力转变,当表面最终残余拉应力大于材料的断裂强度时,表面产生微观裂纹.     

小切深条件下磨削表面完整性变化机理

磨削表面强化后的残余应力及表面层硬度的改变是评价零件加工表面完整性的重要指标,并对零件的疲劳强度、耐磨损性能等影响显著.针对工程中更为多见的小切深磨削工艺过程,基于45钢试件磨削加工试验,以磨削变质层的金相组织、厚度、表面硬度和残余应力为研究对象,重点讨论了小切深条件下磨削表面变质层组织特征与形成机理.结果表明:在小切深干磨削条件下,工件表层存在残余拉应力,应力值随磨削深度的增加或工件速度的增加而减小;工件表面变质层厚度随磨削深度的增加或工件速度的减小而增大.试验结果说明,在小切深干磨削条件下,合理确定磨削用量及砂轮特性参数等,可使工件表层产生强化作用.     

基于热-力耦合磨削表层残余应力的仿真分析

为研究磨削后工件表面残余应力的分布特征需要先进行磨削区温度场的分析.通过建立磨削区温度场的数学模型和传热模型,应用ANSYS分析不同磨削参数对磨削区温度场的影响,仿真结果表明磨削深度对最高温度的影响最大.结合磨削过程中产生的磨削力,用APDL程序对磨削区的热-力耦合场进行ANSYS分析,获得工件在恢复室温时磨削残余应力大小及分布状态,揭示热-力耦合情况下对磨削表面残余应力形成的影响机制.通过残余应力试验对比试验结果和仿真结果,验证了仿真方法的有效性.     

预应力磨削表面残余应力的研究

一般常规磨削试件常得到表面残余拉应力,这种残余拉应力使工件的疲劳强度大为降低,而且在腐蚀环境中容易腐蚀。如果能获得表面残余压应力,则其疲劳强度大大提高,抗腐蚀性能会有所改善。本文对45号钢退火试件预加拉伸应力进行磨削试验,结果表明可使试件表面获得残余压应力,从而为控制和调整已加工表面残余应力提供一条新的途径。     

预应力硬态切削对轴承套圈加工表面残余应力及形态的影响

理论分析和实践表明,已加工表面上合适的残余压应力的分布能提高机器零部件的表面质量和接触疲劳强度及寿命,本文针对轴承套圈外滚道表面残余应力的问题,采用预应力硬态切削方法,以主动控制轴承零件加工表面残余应力状态,提高轴承零件的疲劳寿命。文中对比和分析了硬态干式切削、预应力硬态切削和磨削三种方法加工轴承套圈得到的加工表面残余应力,并研究了加工表面硬度、表面粗糙度以及表面状态等。结果表明,预应力硬态切削可以获得满意的残余压应力状态和较好的表面质量。     

微细电火花线切割加工M42表面残余应力研究

微细电火花线切割表面在瞬间受热熔化并气化,继而快速冷却,会在零件表层产生残余应力,影响加工表面质量。采用XF-1型电解抛光仪逐层去除的方法,应用X-350型X射线残余应力分析仪测得M42钢微细电火花线切割加工表面残余应力分布。结果表明,微细电火花线切割加工表面残余拉应力自表面沿双向深度方向逐渐降低。当残余拉应力达到材料的强度极限时,就会在表面产生裂纹并扩展,进而降低零件的抗疲劳强度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~