银耳多糖在肝癌治疗中的作用及相关机制的实验研究

目的研究银耳多糖(Tremella Polysaccharide TP)对荷HAC小鼠T细胞表面分化抗原、细胞因子、体外肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用及小鼠移植性肝癌的影响.方法用环磷酰胺和银耳多糖分别作用于荷HAC肝癌小鼠,采用免疫荧光法、流式细胞仪及酶标仪观察各组免疫功能的变化及细胞因子的表达,并分离其脾细胞,将诱导的细胞毒性T细胞(CTL细胞)分别作用于体外培养的3H-TdR标记的肿瘤细胞P815,HAC和B16,4 h后用γ-闪烁记数仪进行检测,并计算杀伤程度.检测各组肿瘤质量、体积、组织学改变和主要脏器的形态学改变.结果银耳多糖实验组总T细胞、T杀伤细胞及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)高于对照组,其中对总T细胞及TNF上调明显.在对HAC,P815,B16肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用中,银耳多糖实验组的杀伤活性明显高于对照组,分别为23.85%,20.81%,25.43%,P<0.01,其中对B16杀伤作用最强,HAC次之,P815最弱.环磷酰胺 银耳多糖实验组上述指标与银耳多糖实验组相比有所下降,但与对照组相比则明显增高(P<0.05).治疗组肝肿瘤质量、体积均低于模型组.组织学上肿瘤坏死程度重且范围广,淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞浸润明显,纤维组织增生显著.环磷酰胺组较实验组表现的更为明显.银耳多糖实验组除脾脏外,其他主要脏器无明显形态学变化.结论银耳多糖具有激活和提高特异性和非特异性杀伤细胞的抗肿瘤作用,是一种能调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、分化的抗癌中药制剂.     

IL-2联合银耳多糖激活的脾细胞对体外肿瘤细胞杀伤作用的研究

目的研究淋巴因子IL-2联合银耳多糖(Tremella Polysaccharide TP)共同激活的小鼠脾细胞对肿瘤细胞的体外杀伤作用.方法用甲基-3氢胸腺嘧啶核苷标记肿瘤细胞H22,B16,p815,将标记的靶细胞悬液调至1×105/mL,分别以效靶比40∶1,20∶1和10∶1加入效应细胞,混匀后置37℃5%CO2培养箱内培养2h,2h后用γ-闪烁记数仪对上述细胞悬液进行检测.结果 2种效应细胞对B16杀伤作用最强,H22次之,p815最弱,TP-LAK细胞的作用较之LAK细胞更强(P<0.05),且效靶比越高,杀伤作用越强.结论 IL-2激活脾LAK细胞是有效的抗肿瘤细胞,IL-2与银耳多糖在活化脾细胞提高抗肿瘤方面具有协同作用.     

人LAK细胞的诱导及其体外抗肿瘤作用

采用IL－2或IL－2＋PHA－P对人外周血单核细胞进行体外淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（LAK、LI－LAK细胞）的诱导及对其体外抗肿瘤细胞活性进行研究，结果显示：300～500IU／mL．IL－2＋5μg／mLPHA－P，孵育时间8～10d为最适的诱导条件，最高可诱导细胞增殖100倍以上。诱导出的LAK及LI－LAK细胞对数种自然杀伤细胞（NK）敏感或不敏感的瘤细胞均有明显杀伤作用。实验还显示，PHA－P的主要作用可能是促进细胞扩增，而非肿瘤杀伤活性的诱导。     

吐温80合并温热对小鼠黑色素瘤及主要脏器的形态学影响

研究质膜作用药物吐温８０合并温热对荷瘤鼠的抑瘤效果及主要腹部脏器的影响。方法：小鼠腹腔接种Ｂ１６黑色素瘤细胞，建立实体瘤瘤模型，经尾静脉给予吐温８０和进行腹部４１℃６０ｍｉｎ加温处理，观测荷瘤动物存活时间、实体瘤及重要脏器的光镜、超微结构和组织化学的变化。结果：吐温８０与４１℃温热合并可明显提高小鼠存活时间，可致肿瘤组织血管阻塞，肿瘤细胞广泛坏死；形态学表现与细胞凋亡的形态学描述相似。对肝、肾、脾等正常组织的结构和ＳＤＨ、５－核苷酸酶活性影响较轻，且可恢复。４１℃温热或吐温８０单独无显著作用。结论：吐温８０合并温热具有明显协同杀伤肿瘤效应，并对肿瘤显示选择性作用     

LAK细胞裸鼠体内抗实验性转移研究

利用裸鼠循环系统为实验体系,建立高转移性癌细胞实验转移模型。在此基础上,将体外经白细胞介素2活化的人LAK细胞与高转移性癌细胞同时注射于裸鼠尾静脉内;将未经活化的淋巴细胞与癌细胞一同注射,作为对照,观察LAK细胞抗实验性转移作用。结果表明,每只接受3×10~7 个LAK细胞与1×10~6 个肿瘤细胞的实验组5只小鼠,注射细胞后全部健康存活,无一生长肿瘤。而接受与实验组相同数量的淋巴细胞与肿瘤细胞的对照组5只小鼠,分别于注射后第五周在皮下、脊柱旁及肺脏内出现转移瘤生长。说明LAK细胞不仅在体外具有明显的抗肿瘤作用,在裸鼠内也能够抑制高转移癌系实验性转移的发生。     

古尼拟青霉菌丝体多糖(MPPG)对肿瘤细胞产生免疫抑制因子的影响

用MTT法分别检测了MPPG对LPS诱导鼠脾细胞体外增值的影响、体外对S180的影响,检测了MPPG培养的各种肿瘤上清液对LPS诱导的鼠脾细胞体外增殖的影响、对小鼠脾NK细胞的活性的影响,以及ELISA法测定各种肿瘤上清液中TGFβ1的分泌量.100μg/m lMPPG培养的肿瘤上清液可明显减少对LPS诱导的鼠脾细胞增值和NK细胞的杀伤活性的抑制作用,同时多糖培养的肿瘤上清液中免疫抑制因子TGFβ1的含量较单纯肿瘤上清液的TGFβ1的含量明显的降低.MPPG可降低肿瘤细胞的免疫抑制作用,减少肿瘤细胞产生免疫抑制因子TGFβ1.     

微囊化转CEA基因细胞诱导小鼠抗肿瘤免疫的研究

为发展癌胚抗原(CEA)阳性肿瘤的治疗性疫苗,应用基因工程和静电液滴技术制备出微囊化转CEA基因细胞,经腹腔免疫实验小鼠,再分别应用CEA基因转染的H 2 2 细胞小鼠皮下及腹腔接种,观察微囊化转CEA基因细胞对小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用及其诱导小鼠细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)特异性杀伤CEA 阳性肿瘤细胞的能力,并用流式细胞术检测了小鼠肿瘤细胞的生长周期和各实验组脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的分布情况. 结果显示,微囊化转CEA 基因细胞可以有效抑制CEA阳性肿瘤的生长,诱导小鼠CTL对CEA阳性肿瘤细胞的特异性杀伤 ,并能改善荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,延长腹水瘤小鼠的生存期.     

亮菌多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的研究

通过对荷瘤小鼠腹腔注射亮菌多糖后,观察其对荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应、NK细胞活性及对IL-1、IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ诱生的影响.研究结果表明：亮菌多糖能够显著提高荷瘤小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性、对ConA刺激的小鼠淋巴细胞有明显的促进作用,提高荷瘤小鼠脾细胞产生IL-2的能力;促进荷瘤小鼠机体细胞分泌TNF-α;明显提高荷瘤小鼠血清中IFN-γ的含量.提示亮菌多糖可通过调节机体免疫功能而间接起到抗肿瘤的作用.     

LAGE-1DNA肿瘤疫苗的抗肿瘤治疗效果研究

以LAGE-1转染EMT6构建小鼠乳腺癌肿瘤模型;将BalB/c小鼠随机分为4组,以pcDNA3.1/LAGE-1及对照pcDNA3.1分别接种实验组和对照组各三次.于末次免疫后10 d在小鼠左背部、右背部皮下分别种植EMT6肿瘤细胞和EMT6/LAGE1肿瘤细胞．荷瘤后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小,并对小鼠脾细胞进行CTL细胞杀伤活性实验来观察DNA疫苗引起的免疫反应.结果显示LAGE-1DNA疫苗在体内能诱导有效的特异性肿瘤免疫应答,该疫苗简便有效.     

GAGE-1 DNA肿瘤疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤治疗效果的试验研究

目的 观察G antigen 1 (GAGE-1)核酸疫苗pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1免疫小鼠后,对表达GAGE-1抗原的B-16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞的保护作用.方法 将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分为4组,与0、2、4周分别接种pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1（实验组1）、pcDNA3.1＋/GAGE-1/白介素2（实验组2）、pcDNA3.1＋（对照组1）,pcDNA3.1＋/白介素2（对照组2）各三次.末次免疫后10d小鼠用于肿瘤细胞攻击试验：分别于左背部、右背部皮下种植B16肿瘤细胞、B16/GAGE-1肿瘤细胞.种植肿瘤细胞（荷瘤）后观察成瘤时间、肿瘤大小和荷瘤后小鼠的生存时间及生存率. 结果： pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2质粒免疫的小鼠在种植B16/GAGE-1、B16/pcDNA3.1+后,发现小鼠成瘤时间明显延迟,成瘤减小,生存期明显延长.结论:pcDNA3.1+/GAGE-1/IL-2 DNA 疫苗在体内能诱导出显著的GAGE-1特异性肿瘤免疫应答,且能抑制体内已经存在的少量肿瘤细胞的成瘤     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the