论"系统"原则在生命伦理学研究中的应用

近几十年来，在生命科学领域中，某些科学成果的应用在一定程度上给社会的伦理道德带来严重的冲击和影响，生命伦理学正是时这种现象和问题进行系统研究的交叉性学科；系统论的应用逐渐渗透到社会人科学与各种边缘科学的研究中。主要探讨生命伦理学研究中如何结合系统论中的基本的“系统”原则，从整体和最优化的角度，来看待广为关注的生命伦理问题。     

论德尼·古莱发展伦理学的系统方法论及当代启示

随着改革的持续深入,如何避免在发展过程中出现的伦理缺失、价值缺位现象,使得从整体论、系统论角度思考发展问题迫在眉睫。古莱发展伦理学的系统方法论实现了研究范式的转化,但它却陷入发展与伦理范畴的简单粘合,忽视资本逻辑的深层本质,陷入抽象道德批判的"陷阱"。建构发展伦理学,必须着眼于历史与现实的双重逻辑辩证理解发展问题。从伦理逻辑和资本逻辑出发思考"自然-社会"有机体的整体发展问题,对于把握人与自然、社会的和谐发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

论和谐社会的伦理基石

公民伦理所富含的伦理价值,满足了社会系统经济、政治、道德、社会领域的基本价值诉求,其价值范式也与和谐社会的六大基本特征相契合,这决定了公民伦理将成为和谐社会建设的伦理基石。     

竞争交通系统中异质性用户的出行方式选择

在一个地铁公交与道路驾车两种出行方式并存且竞争的交通系统中,出行者按照时间价值、早到与晚到惩罚的差异被分成两组,地铁可以按边际成本或者平均成本确定票价,道路可以不收通行费或者以道路系统最优化原则收费.我们研究不同收费策略组合下的交通方式选择问题,并利用算例分析了出行需求及其构成对交通方式选择和个人出行成本的影响.     

论不可交换价值

探讨了我国社会改革发展过程中 ,社会多元价值系统的生成与相互制约关系。着重指出 ,那种用单一价值观来指导社会发展的理念已经不能适应社会改革的需要。在当前我国社会的多元价值格局中 ,政府的行政原则、企业的利润原则与学术界的共同体原则 ,其各自不同的根本价值是不可交换的。社会的稳定与健康发展 ,必须依赖对不同社会价值系统的尊重及其不可交换价值层面的生成     

评《现代科学与伦理世界》

张华夏给出两个不同的道德体系，即系统功利主义体系和超功利主义体系。相对而言，后比前具有更强的主观主义和相对主义的色彩，因而在笔看来，前比后更为可取。笔的建议是：超功利主义的四项基本原则可以看作隶属于系统合目的性这一终极功利原则的次一级准则，进而可以纳入兼顾行为功利和准则功利的系统功利主义理论。     

构建和谐社会离不开系统思维的指导

构建和谐社会,已成为当代社会共识。社会主义和谐社会不仅是我们所追求的社会价值目标、同时也是一种现实的社会构建运动,因而也具有社会实践的本体论意义。社会主义和谐社会具有自身社会运动的系统特征,它本质上是一种系统思维的社会实践诠释。构建社会主义和谐社会,需要系统思维方式的指导,即在构建社会主义和谐社会活动过程中必须贯彻系统思维的开放性原则、整体性原则、复杂性原则和能动调控的实践性原则。     

品牌体验价值对品牌资产影响的过程机理

品牌资产的提升是现代企业营销努力的重要目标之一,不同于以前研究者从营销组合变量出发,该研究基于消费者体验的视角,分析消费者品牌体验价值如何对品牌资产发挥作用;并加入消费者购买经历和卷入程度作为调节变量,观察不同购买经历和卷入程度水平下,品牌体验价值对品牌资产的影响作用的差异.实证结果表明:品牌体验价值的4个维度感官体验价值、情感体验价值、社会体验价值和知识体验价值对品牌资产的3个维度品牌忠诚、感知质量和品牌联想具有广泛的影响关系;同时,在不同的消费者购买经历和卷入程度水平下,其影响力的大小存在差异.     

论系统论在工程伦理研究中的运用

现代工程活动是复杂的社会活动，其中涉及到许多复杂的伦理问题，工程伦理问题实际上已成为我们时代的一个亟待研究的新课题。采用系统论的基本原理，对工程伦理问题的整体性、层次性、相关性、开放性等系统特性进行分析，提出如何运用系统论方法促进工程伦理问题研究，希望从整体和最优化的角度，来探索和研究工程伦理问题。     

系统科学视野中的劳动价值论研究提纲

文章从系统科学的角度出发在不同层次上讨论价值的源泉问题,认为物质生产系统、经济系统和社会系统都是创造价值的。为了使马克思劳动价值论能够更好的适应不断变化的现实,我们必须用系统科学的思维方法去发展马克思劳动价值论,为我们的社会主义事业能够实现更好的发展提供保障。     

Perceptions of Pediatric Nurses on Ethical Decision Making Processes

The purpose of this study was to determine how pediatric nurses decide on ethical issues in sample cases and how they evaluate those issues in terms of ethical principles, as well as to determine the problem-solving approaches that they recommend in this regard. Qualitative methods were used in this study and the data was collected from 100 pediatric nurses using a demographic data form and an open-ended questionnaire. The demographic data form included questions about the characteristics of nurses and their participation in decisions made about ethical issues. Whereas the open-ended questionnaire consisted of questions regarding sample cases, which were developed by the investigators using current literature. Forty-four percent of the pediatric nurses reported an attempt to solve ethical issues that they encountered through their professional experiences using personal values. On the other hand, 53 % of the pediatric nurses stated that their decisions were sometimes taken into consideration in the treatment plan of their own patients, while 49 % reported that they could not participate in decision-making regarding patients’ discharge. Seventy-six percent of the pediatric nurses did not define the ethical issues in the three sample cases. However, in other cases, most of the nurses evaluated ethical issues correctly and recommended correct approaches. No statistically significant difference was found between their educational backgrounds, professional experiences, the ethical issues that they evaluated, and the approaches recommended for problem solving. It is recommended that nurses receive more undergraduate and in-service ethics training in order to develop appropriate approaches toward the ethical issues they will encounter during their professional lives.     

企业营销道德测评体系的确立与模糊评价———来自外部顾客的数据分析

在实证研究的基础上,通过均值分析和主成分因子分析,建立了一套从消费者角度出发的企业营销道德测评体系,同时应用该体系对四家样本企业的营销道德水准进行模糊评价,得出了三个基本结论:1)从消费者(外部顾客)角度看,企业营销道德测评体系可主要由促销因子、诚信因子、社会责任因子、公平竞争因子四大指标确立;2)通过对四家样本企业的模糊评价结果,可推论出我国现阶段多数企业营销道德水准偏低;3)促销因子和公平竞争因子的道德水准建设应成为我国多数大企业营销道德建设的重点工作之一.     

Corporate Governance and the Practice of Business Ethics in Slovenia

This article contributes both quantitatively and qualitatively to the discussion on implementation of business ethics, as a basic background of social responsibility leading to systemic behaviour. In the frame of business ethics the ethical core values, culture, ethical climate, informal, and formal measures of business ethics implementation is addressed. The article is also aimed to improve understanding of importance of (ethical) corporate governance, key stakeholders’ influence on the enterprise’s core values, culture, the ethical climate, and informal and formal measures of business ethics implementation as the constitutional elements of enterprise ethical behaviour. The article briefs important cognitions of various empirical researches on business ethics in the case of Slovenian enterprises. The business ethics strongly relates to, and matters in, achieving more enterprises’ social responsibility and humankind’s well-being.     

Business ethics and systems thinking

This paper discusses the development of research in business ethics and recent directions taken by scholars in the field. We also analyze ethical considerations in systems theory and speculate on the possibilities of examining business ethics from a systemic perspective.     

论社会主义核心价值体系与社会思潮的互动机制

深入研究可知,社会主义核心价值体系是具有六层结构五大特性的动态系统;据此分析,可知社会思潮在六个层面对社会核心价值体系起影响作用,社会核心价值体系在四个层面对社会思潮起影响作用。明确此种机制,对社会主义核心价值体系建设有重要启示意义。     

The Influence of Employees’ Ethical Behavior on Enterprises’ Social Responsibility

The enterprises’ social responsibility (CSR) importantly depends upon behavior and its important factors like values, culture, ethics and norms. This article investigates how employees’ ethical behavior defines CSR. Article includes a comprehensive literature review, and empirical results of survey about employees’ perception of ethical behavior and relations between employees’ ethical attitudes and CSR. Sample consists of more than 900 employees in Slovenian enterprises, collected in last decade. Trends about employee’s perceptions of ethical, economic, environmental, and social attitudes, show increasing importance of ethical and environmental attitudes, and decreasing importance of striving for economic performance. Social attitudes remain unchanged over the entire decade. Employees’ ethical perceptions positively and significantly impact their attitudes toward social and environmental concerns. Their impact on attitudes toward giving priority to economic results is negative and significant. The considered relations were controlled by demographic variables mediating the relationship only for economic concern. Results of trends and relations confirm the significant influence of employees’ ethical behavior on CSR. The developed solution enables improvement of CSR considering importance of influences of employees’ ethical attitudes on aspects of CSR. The proposed solution reduces unexplained part of CSR related to ethical behavior and develops requisitely holistic methodological framework for future consideration of other behavior factors in enterprise.     

Creating Rhizomatic Networks and Ethics for the Marginalized Group

This paper seeks to further substantiate and appreciate the importance of West Churchman’s pragmatic philosophy, and to propose the development of what we call the participatory and rhizomatic systems approach. The aim of rhizomatics is to create a deterritoriazation of current social fields and to make sense of the creation of the rhizomatic networks and ethics for the marginalized group in practice. This paper takes the contributions of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s notion of rhizome on ethical reasoning and incorporates them into a test. It examines how ethics for the marginalized group can assist in appreciating and developing ethical management of any systemic intervention. The paper looks into what ethics for the marginalized group is and how it is achieved in the context of rhizomatic networks.

Is Hypermobility a Challenge for Transport Ethics and Systemicity?

Modern modes of transport, in the developed world, were designed to achieve higher mobility (or speed) and increased accessibility, all in the name of growth and human progress. However, in the course of providing for this higher mobility, through the rapid expansion of the transport system, we have ended up with a condition of imbalanced mobility, which we refer to as "hypermobility," particularly with reference to the automobile mode. Ironically, this very expansion of the transport network, with the objective of providing higher transport speeds, has resulted in traffic congestion that has drastically reduced mobility and accessibility, thereby lowering business productivity, increasing fuel consumption, increasing pollution, and robbing the public of billions of hours of valuable time. In light of the present unsustainable conditions, we examine and analyze the concepts of mobility through an inquiry of time, space, human freedom, and social justice from an ethical and systemic viewpoint. We conclude that if hypermobility is not dealt with both as an individual and as a collective responsibility, the challenge to transport ethics and its systemicity could be further impaired.