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Summary A preliminary report is given on the changes of excitability and the adaptation-state of the retina by efferent inhibition. By a light-stimulus to the one eye (O. I), the excitability of the contralateral, darkadapted eye (O. II) decreased the ERG-level to half as well as the amplitudes of the b-wave of O. I.

Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.  相似文献   

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Résumé Les méthodes employées à l'heure actuelle en microscopie électronique ne sont pas encore en mesure de rendre perceptibles les atomes. La raison de cet échec réside principalement dans la présence inévitable d'aberrations dans les lentilles. On a été amené dans la suite à chercher d'autres procédés plus appropriés. C'est ainsi qu'on a envisagé la mise au point d'une méthode de microscopie ionique. En effet, on peut déduire de la relation établie parLouis de Broglie que les rayons ioniques, sous des tensions égales à celles couramment utilisées dans le cas des électrons, ont une longueur d'onde suffisamment faible pour pouvoir théoriquement conduire, même avec les lentilles électrostatiques actuelles, à la résolution des distances interatomiques dans la matière solide. Cependant leur masse et par conséquent leur inertie qui sont nettement plus importantes que celles des électrons, entraînent des modifications profondes dans l'objet irradié: celui-ci peut réagir plus ou moins intensivement avec les ions et sous l'influence de leur bombardement peut même subir des arrachements d'atomes. Les essais que l'auteur a effectués dans le but de préciser les conditions de la méthode ionique montrent que les résolutions pratiquement atteintes, sont de l'ordre hypermicroscopique (500 Å). Ainsi les modifications subies par l'objet, au cours de son irradiation, bien que faibles en regard de ces résolutions, excluent en principe la possibilité d'obtenir des images d'objets à l'échelle atomique avec des rayons ioniques. En revanche, on peut espérer que les électrons, malgré leurs effets souvent néfastes, conviendront tout de même au but cherché, mais il sera nécessaire pour cela de trouver de nouveaux procédés techniques. D'où la nécessité de poursuivre plus avant le développement des méthodes de microscopie électronique.  相似文献   

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Ohne Zusammenfassung
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Summary A particularly efficient removal of urea and similar substances by dialysis in an artificial kidney is obtained if both blood and dialyzing liquid are allowed to flow in countercurrent through channels a few hundredths of a mm thick and separated from each other by a membrane about 1/100 of a mm thick. In order practically to realize the flow required, about two thousand of these narrow channels, each of a length of about 2 cm, are arranged parallel to form a capillary net system.Four elements, each consisting of 2000 narrow channels, are needed in order to obtain a clearance of 80 ml/min. The quantity of blood needed to fill the elements is about 5 cm3 for each element.

Vorgetragen am Kongress der «3o riunioni medico chirurgiche internazionali», Turin 1957.  相似文献   

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Summary The scope of thin layer chromatography has been extended by developing a simple arrangement which forces solvent fronts to run over. The method was successfully applied to the separation of closely interrelated and otherwise hardly separable materials5.

Wir danken den HerrenE. Lüscher undA. Manzetti für wertvolle Anregungen und ihre reges Interesse an dieser Arbeit. Im übrigen danken wir für eine Unterstützung durch Arbeitsbeschaffungskredite des Bundes und eine Studienbeihilfe vom Kultusministerium Baden-Württemberg.  相似文献   

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Summary G. Mansfeld demonstrated that in the serum of overheated animals a substance (thermothyrine A) is present which, injected into normal animals, decreases O2-consumption. Serum of thyroidectomized animals has no effect.Dogs and rabbits were treated daily with 0.10 g per kg methylthiouracil during 4 weeks, and were than subjected for 5 hours to a temperature of 34–35° C which raised their body temperature by 0.5–1.5° C. 2.5 cm3 of serum obtained at the end of the 5 hours period failed to reduce O2-consumption of normal rats, while sera of untreated dogs and rabbits produced after similar exposure to high temperature a fall of O2-consumption by 14–48%. It is therefore evident that methylthiouracil not only inhibits the formation of thyroxine but of thermothyrine A as well.The fact that thermothyrine A contains no iodine proves conclusively that the action of thiouracil compounds cannot be exclusively an inhibition of iodinization.  相似文献   

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Summary The properties and advantages of barium titanate transducers for pressure registrations have been described. If the rate of pressure change is less than 10–3 s, a barium titanate transducer with a cathode ray oscilloscope as commonly used is sufficient. Pressure changes with a duration of up to 1 s can be recorded by means of a barium titanate transducer, cathode follower with open grid, and D.C. oscilloscope. This arrangement can be adapted to the registration of processes of even longer duration by a shunt capacity. The sensativity of the transducer used was in the order of 2 V per 1 atm.  相似文献   

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Summary A modification of the thin layer chromatography on grooved chromatoplate is described, which reduces the usual equipment to a very simple and inexpensive extent.  相似文献   

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Summary The enzymatic hydrolysis of N-phenylacetyl derivatives of racemic amino-acids having the chiral centre removed from the usual -position is examined. The reaction is found to have different degrees of stereoselectivity. In the case of -amino-acids and of -aminovaleric acid, both enantiomers can be obtained in good yields and high optical purity. S-directed stereochemical preference was found for all the substrates examined.  相似文献   

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Summary A simple arrangement for testing the function of a non-rebreathing valve during intermittent positive pressure ventilation is described.The correlation between the valve delay (the period from the beginning of expiration until total closure of the inspiratory channel) and the degree of rebreathing is pointed out.  相似文献   

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Summary The temperature, which leads to 50% reduction of catalytic activity by heat denaturation, has been determined for 8 different enzymes from cod muscle, as being in the range between 30 and 52°C. Therefore, there are no indications of a generally different heat resistance of enzymes from cold-blooded animals as compared with those from warm-blooded animals. The same conclusion is derived from calculations ofQ 10-values, measured between +37 and – 37°C for cathepsin and glycylglycine dipeptidase.

Die Untersuchungen wurden dankenswerterweise durch eine Beihilfe des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums Bonn unterstützt. HerrnDegener, i. Fa. Hanseatische Hochseefischerei A.G., Bremerhaven-F., verdanken wir das Untersuchungsmaterial.  相似文献   

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