Über den Einfluss von Organextrakten auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Geweben

Résumé 1° La consommation en O₂ des tissus cardiaque et hépatique de cobayes sains et atteints de scorbut est augmentée par l'apport de différents extraits organiques (extraits de cur, foie et estomac-i ntestin). L'extrait de cur augmente fortement la respiration des coupes du muscle cardiaque et l'extrait de foie celles des coupes du foie (ceci est prouvé d'une manière significative par les statistiques).2° La respiration de coupes de tissus de cobayes atteints de scorbut est plus forte que celle d'animaux d'expériences sains.3° Ces résultats soulignent le fait que les extraits d'organes exercent une influence particulière sur les tissus dont ils proviennent.     

Zur Rolle von Schwermetallionen im Wirkungsmechanismus von Strahlenschädigung und Strahlenschutz

Summary The catalysis of the reaction between H₂O₂ and nucleotides by biologically important metal ions has been studied spectrophotometrically, the importance of complex-formation equilibria for this catalysis was demonstrated. Radiobiological implications are discussed.     

Neues Verfahren zur Messung von Krümmung und Streuwinkeln von Nebelkammerbahnen

Summary A method is described which allows not only to determine the radius of curvature but also to recognize and eliminate impacts at angles larger than 1°, which the particle suffers in the cloud chamber gas. The size of the angles can be determined. It is shown, moreover, that the sum of the squares of the angles of scattering (for unit of length, calculated from the measured angles) is larger by a factor of 10–100 than the one calculated according to theory.     

Nachweis von Corticosteroiden in menschlicher Placenta und Isolierung von 16α-Hydroxytestosteron

Summary The occurrence of cortisol, cortisone, 20-dihydrometabolites of cortisone and several other steroidlike compounds in fresh placental tissue is described. Neither aldosterone, corticosterone nor 11-dehydrocorticosterone has been found. One of the most abundant compounds present has been identified as 16-hydroxy-testosterone.

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184. Mitteilung über Steroide. 183. Mitteilung:E. H. Wehrli, M. Cereghetti, K. Schaffner, J. Urech undE. Vischer, Helv. chim. Acta44, im Druck (1961).     

Gewinnung von Leukocyten aus Rinderblut unter Verwendung von Wasser als Hämolytikum

Summary A method is described for separating the white elements of cow's blood. Addition of water causes a complete haemolysis. About 30 sec later, isotonic conditions are restored by admixing appropriate concentrations of physiological solutions. Differential centrifugation follows for separating the leucocytes.     

Experimenteller Beitrag zur Frage von Nierenschäden bei Abusus von phenazetinhaltigen Schmerzmitteln

Summary In view of the chronic interstitial nephritis observed in man after years of abuse of phenacetin-containing analgesics, rats were subjected to oral loading-tests with Saridon and its active components. It was not possible, however, to induce interstitial nephritis experimentally. Trials with Saridon will be continued on rats having undergone additional renal loading-tests and in which renal damage has been previously induced.     

Synthese von Vitamin-A-Methyläther

Summary Preliminary report on the synthesis of vitamin A methyl ether starting from 4-trimethylcyclohexenyl-2-methyl-butenal and 1-methoxy-3-methyl-pentenin.     

Über die Ausscheidung von 3β-Hydroxy-17-Ketosteroiden im Harn von Meerschweinchen

Summary 11-hydroxy-epiandrosterone was isolated and identified from urine of normal untreated female guinea pigs. After cold and hot acid hydrolysis of the urine, we found another 3-hydroxy-17-oxosteroid. Its character was investigated by several methods and we suppose this steroid is9(11)-epiandrosterone, an artificial product of 11-hydroxy-epiandrosterone.     

Thermische Denaturierung von Kaltblüter-Enzymproteinen

Summary The temperature, which leads to 50% reduction of catalytic activity by heat denaturation, has been determined for 8 different enzymes from cod muscle, as being in the range between 30 and 52°C. Therefore, there are no indications of a generally different heat resistance of enzymes from cold-blooded animals as compared with those from warm-blooded animals. The same conclusion is derived from calculations ofQ ₁₀-values, measured between +37 and – 37°C for cathepsin and glycylglycine dipeptidase.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden dankenswerterweise durch eine Beihilfe des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums Bonn unterstützt. HerrnDegener, i. Fa. Hanseatische Hochseefischerei A.G., Bremerhaven-F., verdanken wir das Untersuchungsmaterial.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen von Pollenschläuchen

Summary Electron micrographs were made of the cellulose part of the cell walls of pollen tubes ofPetunia hybrida, grown in selfed self-sterile plants and on agar plates. In sterile plants the tubes showed denser membranes but the orientation of the cellulose strands is the same as in cells germinated on agar.     

Nachweis von organspezifischen Antikörpern

Summary Using a new nephelometric method, species-specific and organ-specific antibodies have been demonstrated. By means of the absorption technic organ-specific components of species-specific antibodies of high specificity have been determined in the serum of rabbits sensitized with various rat organs (heart, liver, kidney, tumor).

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Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

Dien-Synthesen im Aufbau von Östrogenen

Summary The addition of citraconic anhydride to 1-vinyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-naphthalene according toDiels-Alder's method yielded two isomeric hydro-phenanthrene-dicarboxylic acids. One of these two acids has been converted into 2-methyl-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4,9,10-hexahydro-1,2-dicarboxylic-acid.

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Mitteilung « Über Steroide » (65. Mitt. siehe Helv. chim. Acta30, 1037 [1947]), sowie XX. Arbeit « Über östrogene Carbonsäuren » (XIX. siehe Exper.3, 279 [1947]).     

Hachweis von individualspezifischen Gewebsantikörpern

Summary Injection of homologous tissue or tissue extracts and homologous transplantation of skin in rabbits provoke the production of antibodies. By means of a new nephelometric method, acquired antibodies against homologous tissue circulating in the serum were found. This tissue-antibody seems to be an individual-specific one, reacting with all organs of the donor. The antibody is thermolabile and not dialysable.

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Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

Die Dünnschichtchromatographie von Gibberellinen

Summary Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel is described as a new method for the separation and identification of the gibberellins A₁, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₇, A₈, and A₉.     

Wirkung von Δ4-Cholesten-3,6-dion auf die Auslösung und Entwicklung von Tumoren

Résumé Au cours d'expériences faites avec des substances dérivées du cholestérol, les auteurs ont étudié l'effet du ⁴-cholestène-3, 6-dione sur des souris blanches et noires. Dans divers organes, des tumeurs apparurent qui ne se montrèrent pas chez les animaux de contrôle. Au point de vue de leur structure histologique, de leur degré de malignité et de leur tendance métastasique, les tumeurs observées étaient extraordinaires.     

Der Einfluß von Aneurin und Cholin auf die Spaltung von Tributyrin durch Serum und Erythrocyten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die Verwendung von künstlichen radioaktiven Isotopen zur Erzielung von lokalisierten biologischen Strahlenwirkungen

Summary Intratumoral injection of an artificial radioactive isotope (radiozinc), suspended in a solution of pectin: The author has previously reported on a method, which consists in the utilization of an artificial radioactive isotope for the production oflocalized biological radiation effects, by means of intraperitoneal injections of radiozinc (Zn⁶³) suspended in a suitably prepared solution of pectin. This procedure was applied to a small number of cases of cancer of the ovaries, with severe peritoneal extension, and yielded rather interesting therapeutic effects in these particularly bad conditions. Evidently this method can be applied also to malignant fumors of cavitary organs, such as the urinary bladder etc.The author investigated further, whether this procedure would also be suitable for interstitial radiotherapy, as previously presumed. Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of the same suspension of radiozinc in pectin were thus performed on rabbits and were not followed by any diffusion of radioactivity outside the injected areas, as shown both by autoradiographs and controls of blood specimens with a counter. For the purpose of preliminary clinical investigation two cases of extended cancer of the uterine cervix recieved injections of 15 millicuries of radiozinc suspended in pectin within the tumor and its immediate surroundings (these cases were also submitted to the usual X-ray and radium-therapy). Specimens of blood and urine were checked with a counter and showed practically no radioactivity. Distinct fibrinous spots were observed a tew days later at the points of injection. This special form of interstitial radiotherapy will presumably gain some practical significance, as it offers the advantage that no foreign bodies have to be inserted in tissues as it is the case with radium needles and radon seeds, pectin being very well tolerated and resorbed by living tissues.