CO2和地层水、储层配伍性实验研究

针对CO₂驱油方法在近年来得到人们的广泛重视,它在国内尤其在国外应用广泛,取得了良好的驱油效果的实际,研究了注CO₂采油过程中,当CO₂到达储层后,与地层原油、地层水以及储层岩石相互接触,发生一些物理化学性质的变化,使得储层的渗透能力也发生变化的问题。利用中原油田提供的地层水及储层岩石样品进行了CO₂和地层水、储层配伍性的实验研究。测试了注CO₂前后岩芯水测渗透率的变化情况,并进行了原因分析。实验结果表明：注CO₂过程中不会产生碳酸钙沉淀堵塞孔道降低储层渗透率;相反由于CO₂溶解于水中生成碳酸溶蚀了岩石的某些胶结物,使岩石渗透率得到改善。     

砂岩储层配伍性注水水质方案研究

注入水与储层岩石和流体具有良好的配伍性,是油田注水开发(特别对于中低渗透砂岩储层)过程中“注够水、注好水”的前题条件,其配伍的程度直接影响注水井的吸水能力。因此,必须根据配伍性要求,对注入水的水质进行规范。文中从注入水损害地层机理出发,阐述了评价注水水质指标的技术思路,提出了配伍性注水水质方案的决策思路,并研制了相应的配伍性注水管理软件,对提高配伍性注水的操作与管理水平具有重要的指导意义。     

南海西部油田钡锶防垢剂挤注体系

南海西部油田注水开发中富含SO_4~(2-)的海水与含有Ba~(2+)、Sr~(2+)的地层水不配伍,导致近井地带硫酸钡锶垢结垢现象严重。根据防垢剂挤注技术的具体要求,进行了钡锶防垢剂配伍性实验、静态防垢率实验、热稳定性能实验以及岩心动态吸附/解吸附实验,对四种主要成分为HEDP与PESA的复合防垢剂进行评价,结果表明:在120℃下,防垢剂HYZ-101通过调节pH值之后配伍性较好;当质量浓度≥5 mg/L时,其静态防垢率90%;在120℃下热处理30 d后,防垢率下降幅度很小,防垢率仍90%;动态吸附/解吸附实验表明,低pH下防垢剂的吸附/解吸附性能较高pH下更好。因此优选出防垢剂HYZ-101来解决南海西部油田结垢问题。     

塞528区块高压欠注机理研究

针对塞528延9油藏注水井高压欠注的问题,对该区块延9储层的岩石矿物物性、储层敏感性、注入水与地层水水质及配伍性和堵塞物等情况进行了相关室内研究和分析。结果表明:储层原始物性差,弱速敏(28.10%)、中等偏强水敏(69.51%)、中等偏强盐敏(69.51%)、中等偏强土酸敏(52.27%)、弱碱敏(27.50%),注入水与地层水不配伍(产生Ca CO_3、Ca SO_4垢),垢样中含有铁的含氧化合物和部分Ca CO_3、Ca SO_4垢等。剖析了注水井高压欠注的机理,为解决塞528区块高压欠注问题提供了解决思路。     

延长油田H区块长8注水结垢分析及配伍性研究

基于目前油田对采油污水回注要求及低渗储层物性差、产能低的特点,为达到保护储层、合理注水及有效开发的目的,本文以延长油田H区块为例,进行室内水质分析、采出水与地层配伍性实验、采出水结垢预测及配伍性研究。研究得:(1)采出水属于CaCl_2水型,与浅层水与地表水水型一致;(2)长8地层水主要结垢类型为SrCO_3与BaSO_4;(3)长8采出水是影响结垢量的主要原因,H区块长8地层采出水与地表水或浅层水的配伍性较好,但仍需加入少量阻垢剂;(4)水样对该储层伤害率为39.5%,处理后水样伤害率可降低至15%以下;研究结果对该区块注水优化及同类储层具有一定实际意义。     

塞528区块高压欠注机理研究与认识

针对塞528延9油藏注水井高压欠注的问题,对该区块延9储层的岩石矿物物性、储层敏感性、注入水与地层水水质及配伍性和堵塞物等情况进行了相关室内研究和分析,结果表明：储层原始物性差,弱速敏(28.10%)、中等偏强水敏(69.51%)、中等偏强盐敏(69.51%)、中等偏强土酸敏(52.27%)、弱碱敏(27.50%),注入水与地层水不配伍(产生CaCO₃、CaSO₄垢),垢样中含有铁的含氧化合物和部分CaCO₃、CaSO₄垢等。剖析了注水井高压欠注的机理,为解决塞528区块高压欠注问题提供了解决思路。     

永宁油田长2储层敏感性及注水可行性分析

研究永宁油田长2储层岩石学性质、储层流体性质和储层岩石敏感性评价分析,得出了伤害储层的主要因素。同时对这些井区进行了地层水和注入水的配伍性实验、水驱油试验和储层岩石润湿性试验,并进行了初步的注水可行性分析,为长2储层的注水开发实施提供一定的依据。     

新型泡沫调剖剂的室内研究与评价

由于泡沫具有对高含水层和高渗透带的选择性封堵及提高驱油效率的作用,因此可以利用向厚油层中注泡沫的方法来控制厚油层水窜,挖潜厚油层中的剩余油.通过室内实验,综合泡沫剂的发泡体积、泡沫半衰期、与现场污水的配伍性等方面为基础研制开发出了一种可满足地层温度低于55℃、矿化度小于8 000 mg/L、含油饱和度小于20%的油藏使用的性能优良的调剖堵水泡沫剂,并对其在不同温度、不同地层水矿化度和不同含油饱合度下进行了调剖性能评价.     

新型泡沫调剖剂的室内研究与评价

由于泡沫具有对高含水层和高渗透带的选择性封堵及提高驱油效率的作用，因此可以利用向厚油层中注泡沫的方法来控制厚油层水窜，挖潜厚油层中的剩余油。本文通过室内实验，综合泡沫剂的发泡体积、泡沫半衰期、与现场污水的配伍性等方面为基础研制开发出了一种可满足地层温度低于55℃、矿化度小于8000mg/l、含油饱和度小于20%的油藏使用的性能优良的调剖堵水泡沫剂，并对其在不同温度、不同地层水矿化度和不同含油饱合度下进行了调剖性能评价。     

南海西部油田钡锶防垢剂挤注体系研究

南海西部油田注水开发中富含SO_42-的海水与含有Ba₂₊、Sr₂₊的地层水不配伍,导致近井地带硫酸钡锶垢结垢现象严重。根据防垢剂挤注技术的具体要求,进行了钡锶防垢剂配伍性实验、静态防垢率实验、热稳定性能实验以及岩心动态吸附/解吸附实验,对四种主要成分为HEDP与PESA的复合防垢剂进行评价,结果表明：在120℃下,防垢剂HYZ-121通过调节pH值之后配伍性较好;当质量浓度≥5mg/L时,其静态防垢率＞90%;在120℃下热处理30天后,防垢率下降幅度很小,防垢率仍＞90%;动态吸附/解吸附实验表明,低pH下防垢剂的吸附/解吸附性能较高pH下更好。因此优选出防垢剂HYZ-121来解决南海西部油田结垢问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with