考虑土拱效应平移挡土墙地震主动土压力分布

基于Mononobe-Okabe理论,考虑土拱效应并假设土拱形状为圆弧形,通过对墙后土体的应力分析推导出在地震作用下土拱形状的曲线方程、侧土压力系数以及水平微分土层间平均剪应力与平均竖向应力二者关系的理论公式.采用水平层分析法推导出平移模式下挡土墙地震主动土压力分布、土压力合力以及合力作用点高度的理论公式,并与Mononobe-Okabe理论、前人方法以及试验数据进行对比分析.结果表明:随着地震系数的增大,土拱形状由下凹圆弧变为下凸圆弧,侧土压力系数也呈现增大趋势;计算出的地震土压力合力与Mononobe-Okabe理论计算值相等,但其分布为非线性分布;与现有理论相比,合力作用点高度与试验结果比较吻合.     

平动模式下挡土墙非极限主动土压力研究

针对平动模式下的挡土墙,同时考虑墙后滑裂部分土体所产生的土拱效应以及土层间的剪应力,并引入墙体位移量与土体内外摩擦角非线性的函数关系,利用水平层分析法,得到了平动模式下挡土墙非极限主动土压力强度、合力大小、合力作用点高度的理论公式。相比其他方法,本文理论值与试验值吻合得更好。参数敏感性分析结果表明：土压力强度随位移比、内摩擦角增大而减小,随外摩擦角(墙土摩擦角)的增大,其值在墙体上部略微增大,下部明显减小;土压力合力系数随位移比、内外摩擦角增大而减小;土压力合力作用点高度随外摩擦角的增大而增大,而位移比与內摩擦角对其影响甚微。     

平动模式下挡土墙非极限主动土压力计算方法

针对平动模式下的挡土墙,同时考虑墙后滑裂部分土体所产生的土拱效应以及土层间的剪应力,并引入墙体位移量与土体内外摩擦角非线性的函数关系,利用水平层分析法,得到了平动模式下挡土墙非极限主动土压力强度、合力大小、合力作用点高度的理论公式。相比其他方法的理论值与试验值吻合得更好。参数敏感性分析结果表明:土压力强度随位移比、内摩擦角增大而减小;随外摩擦角(墙土摩擦角)的增大,其值在墙体上部略微增大,下部明显减小;土压力合力系数随位移比、内外摩擦角增大而减小;土压力合力作用点高度随外摩擦角的增大而增大,而位移比与内摩擦角对其影响甚微。     

考虑墙背倾角的挡土墙地震主动土压力研究

根据前人提出的土体内外摩擦角随土体位移逐渐发挥的理论,综合考虑绕墙趾转动的位移模式与地震力对土压力的影响,利用水平层分析法推导了挡土墙地震主动土压力沿墙高分布、合力及合力作用点高度的理论公式,分析了墙体位移量与地震加速度系数对土压力分布、最危险滑裂面倾角、合力作用点高度及主动侧土压力系数的影响.分析结果表明,土压力强度呈非线性分布,所得主动土压力合力经简化之后与Mononobe-Okabe理论相同,滑裂面倾角随地震系数增加而减小,合力随地震系数增大而减小,主动侧土压力系数随墙背倾角和地震系数的增大而增大.经有限元软件模拟验证,本文计算所得结果与模拟所得土压力分布曲线变化趋势基本吻合.     

平移模式下刚性挡墙主动土压力的土拱效应分析

根据库仑滑裂面倾角、土拱效应原理和摩尔应力圆,获得微分滑裂体水平面上的平均竖向应力表达式、滑裂面上应力与墙背处应力的关系,以及考虑墙土摩擦角影响的墙背侧向主动土压力解析解.然后根据水平微分滑裂体的竖向静力平衡得到平移模式下的刚性挡土墙侧向主动土压力、侧向主动土压力合力及其作用点高度等的计算式.研究结果表明:墙背侧向主动土压力理论值与实测值吻合得非常好,理论值也大于实测值.研究成果可为平移模式下的刚性挡土墙设计提供有益的参考.     

基于土拱效应的挡墙后砂土主动土压力计算分析

为研究土拱效应下挡土墙后砂土的主动土压力,考虑墙土摩擦角对土体滑裂面倾角的影响,对圆弧形的小主应力拱进行理论分析,计算得到不同深度处的土拱微分体水平宽度及小主应力拱形状表达式。根据所得的拱形状,提出沿小主应力拱轴方向划分微分单元体的拱弧微分单元法,并将其用于求解挡土墙主动土压力,得到了挡土墙主动土压力的理论公式。与试验数据及其他理论方法的比较表明该方法所得理论公式与模型试验结果吻合得较好。     

挡墙后有限宽度土体土拱效应分析及土压力计算方法

重点分析了在墙后填土宽度较小情况下,墙后土体土拱效应的形成机理,并假定小主应力拱为圆弧线,考虑挡墙与土体摩擦点的极限平衡条件,导得了大小主应力的偏转角表达式.在此基础上,考虑刚性挡墙平动变位模式情况,结合水平微分单元法,建立了墙后有限宽度土体的主动土压力合力及强度的理论表达式.与室内试验数据及前人方法的对比表明,该方法得到的土压力值具有较好合理性.最后,分析了不同填土宽高比n下的主动土压力分布规律,结果表明,主动土压力随n增加而逐渐增加,但n达到0.5后于稳定,该值可作为墙后土体有限宽度的界限值.     

刚性挡墙主动破坏墙后土拱效应细观研究

为了研究土拱效应对挡墙主动土压力非线性分布的影响,运用细观颗粒流方法研究挡墙绕墙顶部转动主动土压力分布和墙后土拱效应细观形成机理,提出跨高比和矢高比表征土拱曲线.研究结果表明:跨高比和矢高比越大,则土拱效应越明显;细观颗粒流方法能够较好地模拟挡墙绕墙顶转动主动土压力分布;当挡墙绕墙顶转动、挡墙位移小于0.05H(H为墙高)时,沿墙高到墙顶0.4H范围内土拱效应较明显,主动土压力呈显著非线性分布;在其他位移模式和位移情况下土拱效应不明显,计算挡墙绕墙顶转动土压力时应考虑土拱效应的影响;若土颗粒和墙体摩擦因素越大,土颗粒刚度越小,则土拱效应越显著.     

支护结构平移时的坑中坑被动区土拱效应分析

坑中坑式基坑由于相关设计规范对一些关键参数的确定缺乏明确规定,有时因为对内坑开挖引起外坑支护结构土压力的变化估计不足而引发一些工程事故;现有研究成果在坑中坑工程的被动区土压力分析中,没有考虑岩土工程中广泛存在的土拱效应,土压力分析不准确。通过合理的假定,对内坑支撑刚度较大且距离外坑支护结构较近的情况下,建立了无黏性土被动土压力力学模型,分析得到了坑间土体在极限应力条件下基于土拱效应的水平土压力系数和主应力旋转角;利用水平分层分析法求解得到了考虑土拱效应的被动土压力分布、合力大小、合力作用点位置等表达式。通过算例与经典土压力理论分析成果比较表明,研究成果能更好地反映实际土压力分布。     

RTT变位模式下考虑位移影响的被动侧土压力的计算与分析

采用位移土压力计算理论,结合室内模型实测值对RTT变位模式下考虑位移影响的被动侧土压力进行计算与分析.结果表明,土压力强度沿墙高度的分布、土压力合力大小以及合力作用点的位置均与实测值基本相符合,说明在RTT变位模式下采用计算理论公式计算被动侧土压力是可行的;与n=0.78时相比,n=0时符合更好,这可能与模型箱尺寸效应以及试验箱上部土体受到扰动较大有关;随着n值的逐渐增大,土体更易达到朗肯被动极限状态.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with