傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱对参片的无损鉴别

利用傅立叶变换光谱和拉曼光谱法，直接、快速地测定了不同参片样品，并用计算机比对软件对所测样品的红外、拉曼光谱图进行比较．结果表明，不同品种、不同产地或加工方法不同的参片在高频区有相似的红外、拉曼特征光谱图，但在低频区其特征吸收峰位置和峰高有一定的差异，经计算机比对相关系数进行比较，不同参片的红外光谱图特别是拉曼光谱图仅有微小差别．傅立叶红外光谱技术和拉曼光谱技术用于鉴定分析人参，无需对样品进行分离、提纯，样品用量少，便于直接、快速、简便、有效进行测定。     

延安探区山西组页岩气包裹体激光拉曼光谱组分及成藏期次

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地延安探区山西组页岩气藏的成藏期,通过对泥页岩夹层中的包裹体镜下形态观察、冷热台测温及对单包体组分激光拉曼光谱测试,研究包裹体的形态、分类、组分及均一温度等特征,借助于盆地模拟软件,使用均一温度和埋藏史热史模拟结合的方法研究页岩气成藏期次.结果表明,山西组页岩气包裹体类型主要为盐水包裹体和含烃盐水包裹体.激光拉曼光谱主要为饱和烃型拉曼光谱图、烷烃+沥青型拉曼光谱图、荧光型拉曼光谱图3种类型,说明当包裹体被捕获时,地层流体成分中含饱和烃和芳烃.包裹体有两个形成时期,结合沉积埋藏史,研究区天然气存在两期充注,第1期充注时间在208～180 Ma,为早侏罗世,是煤系烃源岩的Ⅲ型干酪根早期生成的少量液态烃+气态烃;第2期充注时间在178～125 Ma,为中侏罗世-早白垩世中期.     

基于主成分分析和K-means的便利贴显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱分类

显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱法与机器学习结合,建立便利贴物证识别分类模型,为基层民警开展侦查工作提供帮助。以36个不同产地、不同生产厂家的便利贴样品为研究对象,利用显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱法获取便利贴样品拉曼光谱数据,并对拉曼光谱数据进行基线校正、曲线平滑、标准化预处理。利用主成分分析法对36个便利贴样品预处理后的拉曼光谱数据降维,提取了3个特征值大于等于1且累计贡献率85%以上的主成分,3个主成分解释了样品拉曼光谱数据大部分信息。利用K-means无监督聚类算法,指定K值范围,并计算对应聚类系数,确定36个便利贴样品最佳聚类数为6类。利用判别分析验证基于主成分分析和K-means的样品分类模型的适用性和准确性,经验证,样品分类模型原始分类正确率和交叉验证分类正确率分别为100%和97.22%。实验结果表明,显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱法结合主成分分析和K-means可以实现便利贴分类模型构建,且分类结果可靠。     

利用显微拉曼光谱检验激光打印机打印文件墨迹的研究

利用共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术,分别对不同品牌、同一品牌不同型号及不同时间的激光打印机打印文件墨粉字迹的拉曼光谱进行研究,并探讨了非原装硒鼓对激光打印机打印文件拉曼光谱检验的影响。通过对激光打印机打印文件墨粉字迹拉曼光谱特征峰的位置、数目和相对强度进行分析,可以推断其墨粉成分的异同,为鉴别激光打印机打印文件提供一种快速、无损的检验方法。     

天然与合成紫晶的光谱学特征及其呈色机理

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、紫外可见光光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和拉曼光谱(RM)多种光谱学分析方法对天然与合成紫晶样品进行测试.XRF结果显示,天然与合成紫晶的成分均为w=99%SiO2,分别含有致色的Fe元素和其他微量金属杂质;红外光谱图显示天然紫晶在3 560～3 200 cm-1区间内有一强...     

泽泻煎剂的拉曼光谱研究

利用共焦显微拉曼光谱仪测试分析泽泻煎剂.由泽泻煎剂拉曼光谱中可观察到8个拉曼峰:477,839,935,1 074,1 135,1 337,1 458和1 629 cm-1,并对拉曼信号进行谱峰归属.检测了泽泻煎剂的紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)吸收光谱,最大吸收峰为277 nm.研究表明,拉曼光谱可为泽泻煎剂或其它中成药成分分析、真伪分辨和质量管理提供一种快速和准确的测量方法.     

碳纳米管的拉曼光谱定量分析研究

拉曼光谱分析技术具有对样品无破坏、用量少等独特优点．本文用拉曼光谱技术对碳纳米管进行研究，获得了高质量的单壁碳纳米管拉曼谱．并通过单壁碳纳米管的“G”峰和聚苯乙烯拉曼特征峰的积分强度的变化，对不同组分的单壁碳纳米管／聚苯乙烯复合物进行了定量成分分析．实验结果表明，拉曼光谱技术的分析结果同该复合物的原始配比一致．     

西汉狮子山楚王陵出土玉器中的石墨包裹体

利用激光拉曼光谱技术,研究了徐州狮子山西汉楚王陵出土的部分玉衣片和玉棺片中的黑色点状固体包裹体。拉曼光谱谱图显示其主要的拉曼散射峰位于1360("D"峰)、1582("O"峰)、2440、2735、3250cm-1附近,与石墨拉曼散射峰的典型峰位一致,显示黑色包裹体为石墨。石墨拉曼光谱中的"D"峰和"O"峰的相关信息可敏感地反映其主岩的形成条件,因此对古玉器玉料中石墨包裹体拉曼光谱的深入研究可以对玉料的产地来源进行限定。     

富勒烯衍生物的拉曼光谱研究

利用近红外傅里叶变换拉曼光谱(1064nm)对4种C60衍生物进行了研究.实验结果显示,衍生物固体拉曼光谱中都包含了C60分子的特征拉曼峰,同时衍生物的拉曼光谱与C60拉曼光谱相比又有明显的不同,这主要是由于有机官能团的引入使得C60分子的结构发生了变化.通过对此现象的分析和解释,提出拉曼光谱分析是一种研究富勒烯衍生物的有效方法.     

基于纳米材料拉曼增强特性的细胞氧化损伤检测

表面增强拉曼可作为单细胞氧化损伤的一种检测手段。以铜离子诱导的细胞氧化损伤为模型、以表面增强拉曼光谱为检测手段,建立了用以表征细胞损伤的拉曼光谱方法。通过制备经多肽修饰的金纳米花作为拉曼增强基底,使其能够进入细胞并达到信号增强的效果。利用CCK-8细胞毒性实验测试基底对细胞的损伤程度,确定基底质量浓度为160μg/mL。进一步利用CCK-8细胞毒性实验验证Cu²⁺对细胞的氧化损伤,证实经Cu²⁺诱导后细胞出现明显的损伤和死亡现象。最后,建立了Cu²⁺诱导的细胞氧化损伤模型,并获得不同条件下细胞所呈现的拉曼光谱,发现经氧化处理后,细胞受到不同程度的损伤,细胞内的糖类、核酸、脂质和蛋白质等物质均发生了一定程度的改变,对机体造成损伤。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that