Quantitative measurements of microscopic changes in the vascular bed

Résumé Une méthode d'analyse quantitative du fer dans l'hémoglobine a été développée, utilisant la fluorescence aux rayons X. Elle est appliquée à des tissus vivants pour l'enregistrement de changements très faibles dans la circulation sanguine dans des fragments microscopiques.     

Molecular mechanisms of lymphatic vascular development

Lymphatic vasculature has recently emerged as a prominent area in biomedical research because of its essential role in the maintenance of normal fluid homeostasis and the involvement in pathogenesis of several human diseases, such as solid tumor metastasis, inflammation and lymphedema. Identification of lymphatic endothelial specific markers and regulators, such as VEGFR-3, VEGF-C/D, PROX1, podoplanin, LYVE-1, ephrinB2 and FOXC2, and the development of mouse models have laid a foundation for our understanding of the major steps controlling growth and remodeling of lymphatic vessels. In this review we summarize recent advances in the field and discuss how this knowledge as well as use of model organisms, such as zebrafish and Xenopus, should allow further in depth analysis of the lymphatic vascular system. Received 26 January 2007; received after revision 5 March 2007; accepted 29 March 2007     

Adrenergic and cholinergic axons in the mouse iris

Résumé Par la comparaison entre la somme totale des fibrilles nerveuses et celle des fibres adrénergiques des cellules de Schwann de l'iris de la souris, il se confirma que les fibres adrénergiques et cholinergiques terminales sont ici en grande partie concomitantes.     

Adrenergic supersensitivity of the pupil in idiopathic headache

Summary In idiopathic headache (IH) sufferers, phenylephrine and fenfluramine induce a pupillary dilatation respectively greater and lesser than in controls. The difference may be due to a supersensitivity of the iris alpha adrenoceptors caused by a deficiency of noradrenaline in the iris adrenergic nerve terminal of the IH sufferer. These findings seem to support the hypothesis of a brain receptorial, monoamine supersensitivity in IH.This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Council, Rome, Italy.     

Adrenergic nerve endings in the peripheral autonomic ganglion

Zusammenfassung Mittels elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen wird die Anwesenheit adrenergischer Nervenendigungen im Ganglion hypogastricum des Meerschweinchens bewiesen.     

Ultrastructural observation on the tips of growing vascular cords in the rat cerebral cortex

Summary The distal ends of the vascular cord in the cerebral cortex are investigated electron microscopically in rats at the 13th postnatal day. The tip of the vascular cord consists of central cuboidal cells (primitive endothelial cells) and surrounding flat cells (primitive pericytes), and has no lumen. The primitive endothelial cells (tip cells) possess several long tentacles which contain only fibrous structures and extend through the neuropile.This study was supported in part by a grant in aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education of Japan (No. 448085).     

Adrenergic nerve endings in the feline cervical superius ganglion

Zusammenfassung Fluoreszenzmikroskopische Untersuchungen beweisen die Anwesenheit adrenergischer Terminale im Ganglion cervicale superius der Katze. Die meisten von ihnen stammen aus Axon-Kollateralen. Eine intraganglionäre Hemmung scheint auch im Ganglion c.s. über adrenergische Nervenendigungen zu laufen.     

Adrenergic supersensitivity of the pupil in idiopathic headache.

In idiopathic headache (IH) sufferers, phenylephrine and fenfluramine induce a pupillary dilatation respectively greater and lesser than in controls. The difference may be due to a supersensitivity of the iris alpha adrenoceptors caused by a deficiency of noradrenaline in the iris adrenergic nerve terminal of the IH sufferer. These findings seem to support the hypothesis of a brain receptorial, monoamine supersensitivity in IH.     

Adrenergic nerves in the major salivary glands of the rabbit

Zusammenfassung Es ist bekannt, dass die Ausbreitung der adrenergischen Speicheldrüsennerven der Ratte in enger Verbindung mit der Sekretion bei sympathischer Reizung steht. Die Submaxillaris- und Parotisdrüsen des Kaninchens waren reichlich mit adrenergischen Nerven versorgt. Die sympathische Sekretion der Submaxillarisdrüse war indessen sehr gering, während die der Parotisdrüse beträchtlich war. Die Versuche deuten darauf hin, dass die sympathischen Nerven nicht nur eine sekretorische Funktion haben.

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J. R. Garrett on leave from the Department of Oral Pathology, Kings College Hospital, London S.E. 5, wishes to acnowledge a travel grant made by theEley-Webster Trust.     

Adrenergic innervation of the intestinal smooth musculature

Riassunto Le ricerche istochimiche effettuate sull'innervazione adrenergica dell'intestino hanno dimostrato che fibre adrenergiche sono presenti non solo attorno ai neuroni e nelle maglie dei plessi mienterico e sottomucoso, ma anche nello spessore stesso dello strato muscolare interno e in intimo rapporto con elementi ghiandolari della tonaca mucosa. Vi è quindi la possibilità che sugli effettori ghiandolari e muscolari le fibre adrenergiche esercitino sia un'azione diretta sia un'azione indiretta attraverso i neuroni intramurali.

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This work was supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionle delle Ricerche (Rome).     

Adrenergic fibres in the mucous membrane of guinea-pig alimentary tract

Riassunto Con il metodo in microscopia a fluorescenza diFalck eHillarp è stata studiata l'innervazione adrenergica della tonaca mucosa del canale alimentare della cavia adulta. Sono state messe in evidenza fibre adrenergiche nella lamina propria della tonaca mucosa, in intimo rapporto con le cellule epiteliali secernenti. Fibre adrenergiche sono presenti anche nello spessore della muscularis mucosae parallele ai fasci di cellule muscolari lisce.     

Adrenergic neuroplasticity is maintained in the nutritional rehabilitated adult rat

Summary This work examined the capacity of intact catecholaminergic axons to grow, in response to lesions, in the brain of adult rats following nutritional rehabilitation. The partially deafferented epithalamic habenula was used as a model to study neuronal plasticity. Noradrenergic neurons appear to maintain their plasticity in rats recovered from their postnatal undernutrition.Supported by a BRSG-UTMSH grant.Supported by a NIH grant.Acknowledgments. Thanks are due to Mrs Malka Gottesfeld for her invaluable assistance.     

Adrenergic reinnervation of the denervated rat urinary bladder

Summary In rats undergoing unilateral extirpation of the pelvic ganglion, the adrenergic innervation disappeared on the ipsilateral side of the urinary bladder. It had reappeared after 6–9 weeks.This work was supported by grants from the Faculty of Medicine in Lund to M.E.     

Adrenergic and non-adrenergic valvular nerves of the heart

Résumé Toutes les valvules du rat, sauf une valvule de l'aorte, contiennent des nerfs adrénergique et cholinergique. Très souvent, les deux types d'axones courent très près l'un de l'autre comme ceux de l'iris du rat.     

Peripheral vascular effects of histamine administered into the cerebral ventricles of anaesthetized cats

Zusammenfassung An narkotisierten Katzen wurden der arterielle Blutdruck und der venöse Ausfluss aus der Vorderpfote oder aus dem Hinterbein registriert. Injektionen von Histamin in die Hirnventrikel bewirkten Erhöhung des Blutdruckes und Vasokonstriktion in der Vorderpfote. Im Hinterbein war die Vasokonstriktion weniger ausgesprochen. Auch nach Entfernung der Nebennieren war der Pressoreffekt vorhanden, woraus folgt, dass die periphere Vasokonstriktion für den durch intraventrikuläres Histamin hervorgerufenen Pressoreffekt verantwortlich ist.

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This work was supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (Project No. W 349). Rheomacrodex was kindly supplied by Pharmacia, Uppsala (Sweden).