含膨胀石墨的膨胀体系阻燃LLDPE/EVA复合材料的研究

将膨胀石墨(EG)、三聚氰胺(MEL)、多聚磷酸铵(ATP)与线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备了阻燃复合材料。通过氧指数测定、水平燃烧测试、垂直燃烧测试、扫描电镜、热重分析仪研究了膨胀石墨(EG)的含量对复合材料的燃烧性能、燃烧机理、热稳定性的影响。结果表明,复配出的膨胀阻燃剂有良好的阻燃效果,EG的添加量为12.5%,EG、MEL、ATP配比为2∶1∶2时,复合材料达到难燃级别,阻燃机理满足膨胀成炭阻燃机理。EG含量的增加,复合材料热稳定性提高。     

可膨胀石墨/磷酸三氯乙酯协同阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

本文研究了可膨胀石墨(EG)协同磷酸三氯乙酯(TCEP)对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)的阻燃性能的影响.采用极限氧指数(LOI)、烟密度等级(SDR)、热重分析(TGA)等方法进行测试.当RPUF中添加20%的EG/TCEP(质量比1∶1)时,RPUF的LOI值达到30.0%,比未添加时提高了13.4%.同时,SDR降低至55.49%,最大烟密度值(MSD)出现时间均比未添加阻燃剂和单独添加TCEP时滞后.TGA分析结果表明,添加EG/TCEP后RPUF的失重速率下降、残炭量增加,表明EG/TCEP能在RPUF中起到良好的协同阻燃效应.     

可膨胀石墨/硬质聚氨酯复合材料的制备与性能

针对聚氨酯材料的阻燃问题,以可膨胀石墨作为阻燃剂,改善硬质聚氨酯泡沫的性能。考察可膨胀石墨的p H对聚氨酯泡沫制备的影响,分别制备不同可膨胀石墨质量分数的复合材料,对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能进行实验分析。结果显示:碱性的可膨胀石墨有利于聚氨酯的发泡。当聚氨酯中添加可膨胀石墨(EG)后,其压缩强度有所降低,当EG质量分数达到15%时,复合材料的阻燃性能得到显著提高,且聚氨酯泡孔结构较为完整,在提高阻燃性能的同时,最大限度保留了其力学性能。     

氢氧化铝/无机填料协同阻燃乙丙橡胶的性能研究

笔者在三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)基体中通过熔融共混法添加氢氧化铝/膨胀石墨(ATH/EG)、氢氧化铝/有机蒙脱土(ATH/OMMT)、氢氧化铝/硼酸锌(ATH/ZB)3种复合阻燃剂,制得三元乙丙橡胶/氢氧化铝/膨胀石墨(EPDM/ATH/EG)、三元乙丙橡胶/氢氧化铝/有机蒙脱土(EPDM/ATH/OMMT)、三元乙丙橡胶/氢氧化铝/硼酸锌(EPDM/ATH/ZB)3种复合橡胶.采用热重分析、极限氧指数和锥形量热等手段,研究了3种无机阻燃剂EG、OMMT及ZB与ATH对EPDM的协同阻燃效果.结果表明,3种协同阻燃剂都能增加复合橡胶的初始分解温度,增加残炭量,降低燃烧峰值,提高极限氧指数.说明3种无机阻燃剂都对EPDM/ATH具有一定的阻燃效果.其中,EPDM/ATH/EG复合橡胶的初始分解温度(443.7℃)和残炭量(40.3%)最高,EPDM/ATH/OMMT复合橡胶的总热释放量(62.3 MJ·m^-2)和燃烧峰值(232.9 kW·m^-2)最低,极限氧指数(34.5%)最高.综合比较发现,OMMT协同ATH阻燃EPDM最为理想.     

氢氧化镁/可膨胀石墨/聚丙烯复合材料的热降解过程与燃烧行为

以可膨胀石墨(EG)和氢氧化镁(MH)为无卤阻燃剂，通过熔融共混法制备了无卤阻燃聚丙烯(PP)复合材料(EG/PP、MH/PP和MH/EG/PP)，采用热重法研究了复合材料的热降解过程，以氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL-94)评价研究了复合材料的阻燃性能，采用锥形量热仪研究了复合材料的燃烧行为.结果表明:MH和EG间存在显著的协同阻燃作用，在阻燃剂质量分数为60%时，MH与EG质量比为5 : 1的MH/EG/PP材料其氧指数可以达到29.7，与MH/PP复合材料相比提高了11.2%；EG与MH协同具有良好的降低热释放作用，与PP和MH/PP相比，MH/EG/PP复合材料的热释放速率峰值(peak-HRR)分别降低了73.9%和34.2%；EG和MH的协同作用大幅度降低了MH/EG/PP的质量损失速率；结合残炭的形貌结果，揭示了EG和MH协同阻燃机理的关键在于增强了炭层的隔热和隔氧作用.     

阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫燃烧热值对阻燃性能的影响

将聚磷酸铵(APP)、磷酸三(β-氯异丙基)酯(TCPP)、氰尿酸三聚氰胺(MCA)、可膨胀石墨(EG)及EG与APP复合阻燃剂分别添加于硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF),采用氧弹量热仪、氧指数仪、燃烧背温测试仪及锥形量热仪研究了阻燃RPUF燃烧热值(HoC)与氧指数、炭层阻隔作用及热释放等阻燃性能参数的相关性;采用X射线光电子能谱表征了RPUF/APP及RPUF/EG/APP体系燃烧热值测试后残炭表面P元素的化学状态. 研究表明,各阻燃RPUF的HoC由低到高的顺序为RPUF/APP,RPUF/EG/APP,RPUF/TCPP,RPUF/MCA,RPUF/EG,其中RPUF/EG/APP的氧指数相对最高,炭层阻隔效应较好,热释放及质量损失相对最低,产烟量适中,综合阻燃性能最好. RPUF/EG/APP燃烧热值测试残炭表面五氧化二磷比例(57.9%)大于RPUF/APP(35.9%). 阻燃RPUF的HoC主要与体系元素组成及阻燃剂HoC的贡献有关,也与膨胀阻燃体系中组分的相互作用有关;而氧指数、炭层的阻隔作用、热及烟释放等阻燃性能主要取决于阻燃机理.      

季戊四醇磷酸酯蜜胺盐阻燃剂的合成及其在聚乙烯中的应用

采用磷酸、P2O5、季戊四醇、三聚氰胺为原料合成季戊四醇磷酸酯蜜胺盐阻燃剂.根据该阻燃剂的膨胀度、剩炭率及吸水率,确定最优合成条件为:n(聚磷酸)∶n(季戊四醇)∶n(三聚氰胺)=3∶1∶1;中间产品的合成温度100℃,合成时间120 min;固化温度200℃,固化时间120min.阻燃剂各组分物质的量比为3∶1∶1时的膨胀体系效果最好,其膨胀率为121.5 cm3/g,剩炭率63.6%,吸水率5.5%.该阻燃剂应用于聚乙烯中,以氧指数法、水平燃烧法考察了聚乙烯膨胀阻燃体系的阻燃性能.结果表明,膨胀度、剩炭率可以反映膨胀型阻燃剂在聚乙烯中的阻燃效果.以m(阻燃剂)∶m(聚乙烯)=30∶70混合,可使复合材料达到水平阻燃级别FH-1,氧指数29,自熄时间30 s,具有良好的阻燃效果.     

EG与APP协同阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧及热降解机理研究

将可膨胀石墨（EG）与聚磷酸铵（APP）复合用于阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）,采用极限氧指数及锥形量热仪研究了EG/APP对RPUF燃烧性能的影响;通过扫描电镜、热失重分析及X射线光电子能谱表征了RPUF/EG/APP残炭的微观形貌、热降解行为及化学组成. 结果表明,添加质量分数20%、质量比为7:3的EG/APP阻燃RPUF的协同效果最好,氧指数可达36.0%,热释放速率最小,有一定的抑制产烟和CO释放的作用. 在阻燃RPUF燃烧过程中,EG热解残炭虽松散,但燃烧初期抑制烟气效果突出;APP残炭连续致密,但热稳定性不足,且易于生烟;而RPUF/EG/APP残炭隔热效果显著、抑制烟气效果较好. 其作用机理与多磷酸渗入EG残炭,增加了炭层的耐热性及炭层表面N/C、P/C元素摩尔比的增加有关.      

基于可膨胀石墨的阻燃纸板制备和研究

采用涂覆法制备了基于可膨胀石墨的阻燃纸板,运用氧指数(OI)测试方法评价纸板的阻燃性,探讨了EG/MH/Na2SiO3·9H2O型复合阻燃剂中可膨胀石墨(EG)、氢氧化镁(MH)及硅酸钠(Na2SiO3·9H2O)用量对OI的影响。研究结果表明,优化后的复合阻燃剂配方为EG 10g,MH 5g,Na2SiO3·9H2O水溶液中Na2SiO3·9H2O 50g,水50g。阻燃剂搅拌混合均匀后涂覆于瓦楞纸板上,采用0.10mm的涂布厚度,可以使瓦楞纸板具备阻燃效果,其OI为28.3%,属于难燃级别。     

复合型阻燃剂处理硬质聚氨酯的燃烧特性

本文采用膨胀石墨(EG)、微胶囊红磷(MRP)和硼砂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(RPUF)进行阻燃处理,并采用氧指数、热重分析和锥形量热方法研究了不同配比阻燃剂对RPUF的燃烧性能和阻燃机理。结果表明,硼砂能有效的抑制RPUF燃烧过程的热释放量和CO、CO_2的释放,当EG/MRP/硼砂质量比为4:2:1及以上时,三者具有较好的阻燃抑烟效果,氧指数可达28.7%,并随硼砂含量的升高阻燃效果增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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