氢氧化钠浸出硫化砷渣制备砷酸钙

在铅锌冶炼过程中,硫化砷渣作为一种硫化法处理污酸水产生的废渣,由于其性质不稳定,易于氧化和遇酸溶解,且颗粒细,易产生粉尘飞扬,需要进一步做稳定化处理.本研究用氢氧化钠溶液对硫化砷渣浸出,浸出液与氯化钙溶液反应得到性质稳定的砷酸钙沉淀.研究了浸出温度以及浸出时间在碱性浸出过程中对砷浸出率以及砷酸钙沉积率的影响.结果 表明...     

180℃热液条件下锆石表面溶解行为研究

报道了锆石颗粒在180℃,HCl或NaCl溶液中经过240～712 h反应后表面特征的变化.扫描探针显微镜(SPM)对比观测表明,反应前后锆石表面微形貌发生了显著变化,反应后锆石表面平台和台阶普遍存在溶蚀现象,而在NaCl(1 mol/L)溶液中反应712 h的锆石表面出现了nm级、串珠状定向排列、可能是ZrO2的沉淀物.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定发现,锆石溶解过程中元素Si比元素Zr有更快的溶出速率,因而反应后锆石表面可以形成富锆的薄层.锆石表面溶解现象还得到了反应溶液ICP-MS分析结果的进一步支持,测定反应后溶液成分的变化发现,随着反应时间的增加,Zr,Hf,U等元素的溶出量也随之增加,HCl溶液中锆石各元素的溶出量最高,均比NaCl中性溶液中的溶出量要高.     

难处理铜钴合金的氧化酸浸出

采用硫酸和盐酸的混合酸在有氧化剂存在的常压条件下对磨细后的铜钴合金进行浸出.试验结果表明:在溶液初始酸度为5.0～6.5 mol/L,硫酸与盐酸摩尔比较低,酸过量系数φH为1.2,氧化剂加入量ψn为理论量的1.2倍,反应温度为80 ℃,反应时间为70 min,搅拌速度为200～300 r/min的条件下,铜钴浸出率均能达到97%以上,浸出过程中不会有硅胶产生,过滤性能良好,实验重现性好.     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

脱除铜阳极泥中贱金属的预处理工艺

提出用碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出和硫酸浸出相结合的工艺预处理铜阳极泥,即铜阳极泥在碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出,使As和Se氧化后溶解,Cu和Te被氧化后沉淀,然后用硫酸溶液浸出碱性浸出渣中的Cu和Te,实现铜阳极泥中贱金属的有效脱除.研究结果表明:无论碱性直接浸出或酸性直接浸出,都不能有效分离铜阳极泥中的有价金属;不同强化方式下的碱性KOH体系浸出过程,都不能达到同时脱除As和Sb的目的;碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出在NaOH浓度为2.0 mol/L和温度为200℃时,不仅在碱性浸出过程As和Se的浸出率都达到99.0％以上,而且碱性浸出渣硫酸浸出时Cu和Te的浸出率分别达到95.64％和77.38％.     

添加锌电解阳极泥对ZnS浸出过程的影响

在锌焙烧烟尘热酸浸出过程中,来自于铁酸锌溶解的三价铁离子被用作焙烧烟尘中ZnS浸出的氧化剂.为了提高锌的浸出率,研究了在浸出过程中加入锌电解阳极泥对ZnS浸出的影响.考察的浸出条件包括阳极泥加入量、温度、硫酸浓度和反应时间.试验结果表明,阳极泥中的MnO2有助于焙烧烟尘中ZnS的氧化浸出.在最佳的条件下,通过加入阳极泥(锰加入量为焙烧烟尘质量的4%)可将锌的浸出率由94%提高到97%以上.     

铀的离子交换反应——Ⅵ.在 HCI—有机溶剂混合介质中U(Ⅳ)在强碱性阴离子交换树脂与溶液之间的分配

本文对 U(Ⅵ)在201×7强碱性阴离子交换树脂与 HCI—乙醇、HCl—丙酮混合质介之间的分配进行了研究,测定了 U(Ⅳ)的分配比及 HCl 的非交换吸入;测定了达到交换平衡后树脂相及溶液相的可见吸收光谱.结果表明,分配比随着溶液中有机溶剂的含量及 HCl 的浓度增加而增加,随着 U(Ⅳ)的浓度增加而减小:HCl 的非交换吸入随着溶液中其浓度的升高而增加.随着溶液中有机溶剂的含量及 U(Ⅳ)的浓度增加而减少;证明,在此混合介质中.U(Ⅳ)在溶液相和树脂相中的化学状态,与其在纯的 HCl 水溶液介质条件下的相同.     

某铀矿石微生物浸出性能及影响因素研究

为评估微生物浸出某铀矿石的应用前景,设计正交实验,在不同初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比条件下,分别开展了嗜铁钩端螺旋菌、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌浸出某铀矿石的研究。三株微生物对某铀矿石的最高浸出率均高于97%。浸出过程中,微生物浸出体系的pH值均呈下降趋势,Eh值均呈上升趋势。初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比四个因素对三株微生物的浸出均有影响,但对不同微生物浸铀的影响存在区别。影响嗜铁钩端螺旋菌浸出的主要因素是接种量,而嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌的浸出主要受初始pH值的影响。     

陕南石煤及煤灰中磷元素的迁移规律

陕南是驰名中外的石煤赋存区,石煤中伴生有多种元素。通过测试石煤中磷元素的含量,发现陕南石煤样品中磷元素含量普遍较高(139.1～2 946.8μg/g),远高于中国煤中磷均值,富集磷元素特征明显,并且石煤灰样普遍高于对应原石煤样中磷元素含量。利用浸泡实验模拟了四种条件下(超纯水、酸性溶液、碱性溶液、矿井水)石煤及煤灰中磷元素的浸出(迁移)过程,实验周期长达12个月,计算了不同类型样品和浸泡条件下的磷元素浸出率。结果显示:酸性溶液对于石煤样品中磷元素有较高的浸出率,普遍高于其他三种类型溶液,矿井水溶液的磷浸出率次之,超纯水和碱性溶液的磷浸出率微弱,指示碱性条件有抑制石煤样中磷元素浸出的趋势。石煤灰样品在不同类型溶液条件下磷元素的浸出率特征也是在酸性溶液中比较高,矿井水溶液次之。与不同溶液石煤样磷元素浸出率相比,石煤灰样在碱性溶液和矿井水溶液中略有增高。     

石煤氧化焙烧-酸溶液浸出提钒工艺

针对某地石煤原料组成特点,为提高石煤中钒的浸出率本试验采用氧化焙烧-酸溶液浸出提钒的工艺,研究了焙烧温度,添加剂氯化钠的用量,焙烧时间,酸浸出液用量及浸出温度时间对钒浸出率的影响.结果表明:,焙烧水浸后渣再用稀酸浸出的方法,钒的浸出率可提高10 %左右,钒的浸出率可达到75 %~80 %.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.