等静压和温度作用下Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷的介电性能研究

对反铁电-铁电相界附近的Nb掺杂Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷，采用2GPa等静压装置测试了其在不同等静压力下的介电温度性能，分析了各种介电异常，发现了精细的相变特性，指出随着温度升高，在较低的等静压范围内发生反铁电-铁电-顺电相变，而在较高的等静压范围内发生反铁电-顺电相变，其中，铁电相分为微弱频率弥散的弛豫型铁电相和正常铁电相两个不同的介电性能区域，最后，得到了该组分材料的温度-等静压相图。     

Decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in low-melting ionic liquid [OMIM][PF6]

In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate （[OMIM][PF6]） have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature. The results indicated that [OMIM][PF6] experienced a phase transition at about 4.12 GPa during compression, and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass. Upon decompression, from the obvious change of Raman spectra of [OMIM][PF6] at about 0.48 GPa, it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in [OMIM][PF6] occurred. The phase behavior of [OMIM] [PF6] at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail. The result showed that Raman spectra of [OMIM][PF6] varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling. These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in [OMIM][PF6], and [OMIM][PF6] served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above 4.12 GPa, which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.     

Abnormal dielectric characteristics of PMN-32%PT single crystal under dc bias

It has been reported that the single crystal of relaxor ferroelectrics (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT) with the compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB, 0.28相似文献   

Properties of PbLa（Zr,Sn, Ti）O3 ceramics near ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase boundary

Shirane found in the middle of the 20th century that the solid solution PZT had a lot of fine characteristics and carried out detailed researches[1]. The critical phase transition field of antiferroelectric decreased by adding titanate. Titanate expands t…     

铌酸钾晶体的低温热释电性

研究了铌酸钾晶体在低温时的热释电性和介电性.在相变温度范围,发现热释电响应随时间改变极性,表明晶体中两相共存.在降温和升温过程中,热释电系数分别于209K和237K出现峰值,显示此相变有约30K的热滞.这一结果与介电测量的结果相符.     

GaAs纳米晶体压致相变的尺寸模型

基于晶体相变压力和结合能的关系,提出了一种简单的热力学模型计算尺寸依赖的纳米晶体压致相变压力.根据该模型研究了GaAs纳米晶体压致相变的尺寸效应,结果表明GaAs纳米晶体稳定性的下降导致其相变压力随尺度的减小而降低.当尺寸进一步减小时,纳米晶体的相变压力随着尺寸减小急剧降低,显示了强烈的尺寸效应.该模型计算结果与分子动力学模拟结果显示了较好的一致性.     

Pyroelectric spectrum in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric-ferroelectric ceramics

The pyroelectric effect of phase transition induced with temperature in Nb-modified Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O₃ antiferroelectric-ferroelectric ceramics is studied. Experimental results reveal that the phase transitions are accompanied with marked pyroelectric peaks, there exists the close relation between the type of phase transition and the shape of pyroelectric peak. Because of the variations of phase transition, various pyroelectric spectra result. The pyroelectric spectrum can display the polarization effect and some inferior phase transitions with temperature variations, such as antiferroelectric AFE_A-AFE_B or ferroelectric FE_L-FE_H transition, which are not detected by the conventional dielectric measurement.     

Phenomenon of multiple field-induced phase transition in PLZST antiferroelectric ceramics

The multiple field-induced phase transition in 4 at.% La modified Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O 3 family with temperature from -40℃ to 45℃ in reported. Two electric field-induced transitions from a metastable antiferroelectric phase to two ferroelectric phases are observed is polarization at the applied field of 4 MV/m. The critical field of phase transition between two ferroelectric phases is not larger than 2.5 MV/m, about ten to twenty percent of that ever found in PZT based ceramics. Lattice structure is shown to be orthorhombic by X-ray diffraction. Dielectric investigation reveals a relaxor-like ferroelectric behavior. Temperature-electric field phase diagram is also presented. An appreciate kind of materials is provided to investigate multiple field-induced phase transition with PZT-based ceramics.     

碱金属单质的奇异高压行为

碱金属元素单质(锂、钠、钾、铷和铯)的原子最外层只有一个近自由的s电子, 在常温和常压下碱金属单质具有简单的体心立方结构. 在压力的作用下, 碱金属原子间距减小, 电子轨道重叠程度增加, 导致电荷发生重新分布(如, s→p或s→d电荷的转移), 引起一系列复杂的结构相变发生(如长程无序非公度结构的形成). 伴随结构相变的发生, 碱金属单质的电子性质也发生了很大的变化, 比如锂和铯出现了超导电性, 更令人惊奇的是锂和钠在高压下还发生了有违传统高压理论的金属到绝缘体的转变. 文中总结了5种碱金属元素单质锂、钠、钾、铷和铯在高压下的丰富结构相变行为, 介绍了各种新型高压相结构, 分析了相变产生的物理机制, 阐述了锂和铯的高压超导电性, 并重点介绍了锂和钠的金属-绝缘体相变. 最后我们还展望了碱金属元素单质的未来高压研究的重点.     

Size-dependent solid-solid phase transition process of Ag2S nanoparticles

It is well known that for a nanoparticle the solid-solid phase transition begins with the appearance of a high temperature disordered phase at the surface and the phase interface moves inward gradually with the increase of temperature. However, the size-dependent phase transition behavior remains unclear. Here we report an in-situ TEM study of the phase transition process of different-sized Ag₂S nanoparticles at atomic resolution. The onset temperature of disordered phase of the small nanoparticle is found to be lower than that of the big nanoparticle. And, the disordered phase thickness of small nanoparticle is always thicker than that of big nanoparticle. By considering surface and interface free-energy, a phenomenological model based on the minimization of system free-energy is established, which could well explain our experimental results. These discoveries extend our understanding of size dependent phase transition mechanism.     

二乙胺六氯化锡(IV)的合成、结构及介电开关特性

本研究合成了化合物二乙胺六氯化锡 [Et₂NH₂]₂⁺[SnCl₆]^2- (1)并对其进行了单晶X-射线衍射, DSC以及变温介电性能测试。研究结果表明,化合物1在高于370 K时发生了可逆一级相变,其相变过程与六氯化锡阴离子的各向同性旋转以及二乙胺阳离子的180°翻转运动有关。对应于该相变过程,化合物1可以实现高低介电状态转换,因而有望成为一种新型的高温分子基介电开关材料。     

Research on effects of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric property of Pb(Zn<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>)O<Subscript>3−</Subscript>BaTiO<Subscript>3−</Subscript> PbTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

The dielectric properties of Pb(Zn1_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃₋ BaTiO₃₋PbTiO₃ relaxor ferroelectric ceramics near the rhombohedral and tetragonal phase boundary were investigated under hydrostatic pressure. It was found that hydrostatic pressure made their phase transition temperature T _c and the peak temperature T _m decreased, and the frequency dispersion and relaxor behavior enhanced. In these disorder systems of composite pervoskite structures, there appeared polar clusters or nanodomains. The unique physical characteristics, which made the relaxor behavior enhanced, is that the correlation length among these nanodomains decreases greatly with the pressure increasing.     

ZnO和Nb2O5共掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的结构及其介电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了ZnO、Nb 2 O 5共掺杂Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和介电谱方法,分别对系列陶瓷样品的结构和复介电常数进行了测量.结果表明：1）Zn2＋、Nb5＋进入Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3晶格后仍然为钙钛矿型固溶体;2）Nb 2 O 5会使得材料的低温弥散相变过程转变为弛豫相变过程,并在300～360K区域内会出现新的弛豫过程;3）掺入一定量的ZnO后Nb2O5掺入降低了Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料的介电常数,增大了其介电损耗.     

Progress in high pressure EDXD system and research at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

The synchrotron radiation from a new wiggler of BEPC has been used to high pressure research. Upgraded DAC apparatus and EDXD system have been operated to determine the pressure-induced phase transition of materials at BSRF since June 1998. The improved performance of the system and the preliminary results of the research were described.     

Pyroelectric spectrum in Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric- ferroelectric ceramics

The pyroelectric effect of phase transition induced with temperature in Nb-modified Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 antiferroelectric-ferroelectric ceramics is studied. Experimental results reveal that the phase transitions are accompanied with marked pyroelectric peaks, there exists the close relation between the type of phase transition and the shape of pyroelectric peak. Because of the variations of phase transition, various pyroelectric spectra result. The pyroelectric spectrum can display the polarization effect and some inferior phase transitions with temperature variations, such as antiferroelectric AFEA-AFEB or ferroelectric FEL-FEH transition, which are not detected by the conventional dielectric measurement.     

Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5系陶瓷介电常数及温度系数的优化

研究了Bi2 O3 ZnO Nb2 O5 (BZN)系复相区陶瓷介电常数的温度稳定性及其温度系数的优化 .讨论了不同的预烧工艺以及掺杂不同晶型的TiO2 对所得BZN系陶瓷的相组成以及介电性能的影响 .结果表明 ,预烧工艺中合理的预烧升温速率的选择 ,对其介电常数的温度稳定性有决定性影响 ,锐钛型TiO2 的掺杂可优化温度系数 ,得到介电性能优异的BZN陶瓷 .     

亚硝酸钠多晶与粉末中铁电相变的研究

对NaNO 2粉末与多晶材料的复介电常数随温度的变化情况进行了讨论,并研究了其铁电相变过程.结果表明：1）高温（420K以上）低频（100Hz以下）条件下,NaNO2粉末及多晶材料复介电常数的变化主要是由离子扩散引起的.而高频（105Hz,106Hz）复介电常数实部的值在相变温度附近基本与频率无关,能够反映材料的极化和结构信息.2）在443K～450K范围内, NaNO 2粉末样品的激活能U为0.70eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能U为1.58eV,NaNO 2多晶的激活能要大于NaNO2粉末的激活能,这说明NaNO2粉末与多晶中离子扩散可能起源于材料的本征缺陷.3） NaNO2粉末中铁电相变在复介电常数曲线上的表现比NaNO2多晶明显;临界温度Tc以上437K至440K范围内,NaNO 2多晶的复介电常数实部随温度的变化曲线偏离居里-外斯定律,说明该铁电相变过程中存在反常现象,这一现象与NaNO 2单晶的结果相吻合.     

Research on effects of hydrostatic pressure on the dielectric property of Pb(Zn 1/3Nb2/3) O3-Ba Ti O3PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

The dielectric properties of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3BaTiO3-PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics near the rhombohedral and tetragonal phase boundary were investigated under hydrostatic pressure. It was found that hydrostatic pressure made their phase transition temperature Tc and the peak temperature Tm decreased, and the frequency dispersion and relaxor behavior enhanced. In these disorder systems of composite pervoskite structures, there appeared polar clusters or nanodomains. The unique physical characteristics, which made the relaxor behavior enhanced, is that the correlation length among these nanodo- mains decreases greatly with the pressure increasing.     

铁的相变和热力学性质的第一性原理计算

铁在高温高压下的结构和物理性质对于其在工程技术方面的应用有着非常重要的意义.采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,研究了铁从bcc结构到hcp结构的马氏体相变,并利用准谐德拜模型获得了铁的bcc结构和hcp结构的热力学性质.结果发现:零温下,铁从bcc结构到hcp结构的相变压强为13 GPa,与实验及其他理论符合得很好...     

Dynamic behavior of the He Ⅱ -He I phase transition under gravity

The phase transition of superfluid helium (He Ⅱ ) to normal fluid helium (He I ) is studied in this note. The He Ⅱ-He I interface is found to move upwards under finite heat current. The temperature tracks are measured by four high resolution temperature sensors (HRTs). And the shifting of the λ point temperature (phase transition temperature)along the cell is studied experimentally and theoretically.Under gravity, the shifting of the λ point temperature increases with the pressure. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones.``