以黑水虻为核心的新型餐厨垃圾处理系统的构建

黑水虻是一种食腐性昆虫,近年来被人们广泛研究和运用于餐厨垃圾的处理。传统的餐厨垃圾处理工艺只处理餐饮企业所产生的餐厨垃圾(点源),家庭所产生餐厨垃圾(面源)未能进行有效收集处理。新型餐厨垃圾处理系统建立了传统餐厨垃圾处理模式和区域化餐厨垃圾处理模式两种处理模式分别用以解决点源和面源餐厨垃圾的处理问题。同时新型餐厨垃圾处理系统由区域规划与管理系统、运输车辆调度管理系统、生物科技园区管理系统和产品研发及维护系统组成,为实现餐厨垃圾处理区域点、面源全覆盖,促进居民垃圾分类的积极性和责任感,提高餐厨垃圾的回收和资源化利用提供思路和解决方案。     

基于利益相关者的餐厨垃圾回收市场治理模式——以厦门市为案例

[摘要]分析厦门市餐厨垃圾回收市场运行现状,梳理市场上的利益相关者及其利益关系,提出“谁供给、谁获益”的治理新原则,强调弱化行政强制力而强化市场资源的自我配置,构建以餐厨垃圾行业协会为主导的治理新模式。在新模式下,行政权力机关不再作为利益相关者直接参与市场运作,但作为服务供给主体的本质没有改变,只是从市场运作服务供给转变为市场运营环境构建服务供给;其职责为建设与完善市场法律环境,应用税收杠杆进行利益调节,完善现行行业准入制度,形成正确的治理认知观与消费观,剥离传统市政环卫部门的餐厨垃圾回收职能等。     

城市餐厨垃圾分级回收处理模式探索

随着人们生活水平的不断提高和在外就餐比例的逐渐增加,近年来城市中餐厨垃圾的产生量也日渐增大,尤其是在城市中餐饮行业较为集中的地段,餐厨垃圾的日均产出量已经达到了一个相当大的数字。尽管是人类社会中的一些生活垃圾,但餐厨垃圾的剩余价值量是相对比较大的。尤其是针对不同种类的餐厨垃圾,如果对其加以分类和回收利用,还是有相当大的利用空间的。该文主要针对城市中餐厨垃圾的分级回收处理模式作了详细的探讨。     

第三方物流企业中的客户关系管理(CRM)

第三方物流是指既承包供方物流、又承包需方物流的专业化物流,与传统物流业相比,第三方物流业的竞争力来自它为客户提供的增值价值。而在运送的频率增加和订单规模减小的发展趋势下,导致运输费用的增加,为了创造客户价值、减少运输成本,提高竞争能力,第三方物流企业首先就要进行客户关系管理(CRM)系统的建立。本文结合第三方物流企业的特点,从与传统CRM不同的角度对第三方物流业CRM进行新的探讨。     

厌氧共消化低碳处理餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥的现状与展望

随着我国城市化进程的加快,餐厨垃圾的量不断增加,污水处理厂的新扩建及升级改造在提高污水处理量的同时也增大了剩余污泥的产量,如何有效处理餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥引起了人们的广泛关注。本文阐述餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥厌氧共消化过程中,脂质、氨氮、盐分、辣椒素、微塑料和抗生素等抑制性物质对厌氧共消化过程稳定性的影响及其机制;总结了通过物理、化学、生物等预处理方法去除抑制性物质,添加生物炭、零价铁等强化性物质,以提高厌氧共消化的效能与稳定性;归纳了在餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥处理中将微生物燃料电池、微生物电解碳捕获、热解、微藻等技术与厌氧共消化技术相结合的耦合技术,从而减少餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥处理过程的碳排放,旨在为未来餐厨垃圾与剩余污泥厌氧共消化处理研究提供技术支撑,实现绿色低碳处理,助力我国早日实现碳达峰、碳中和。     

餐厨垃圾固相油脂液化及分离回收的影响因素

为提高餐厨垃圾废油分离回收效率,通过试验研究了湿热温度、处理时间等湿热处理参数和粗粒化床高、油水混合液温度、流速等对餐厨垃圾废油脂分离回收效率的影响。结果表明,160℃湿热处理80m in时,餐厨垃圾固相内部油脂液化浸出效果较佳。餐厨垃圾脱出液中粗粒化油脂回收的适宜条件为:塑料纤维材料粗粒化效果优于金属丝材料;粗粒化床高35 cm,分离床入口油水混合物温度为40℃时油水分离效率较高。另外,在满足处理能力的情况下,适当降低粗粒化床进口液体流速可以提高粗粒化效果,当流速低于0.825m/s时,可以保证油脂回收率为75%以上。     

餐厨垃圾固相油脂液化及分离回收的影响因素

为提高餐厨垃圾废油分离回收效率,通过试验研究了湿热温度、处理时间等湿热处理参数和粗粒化床高、油水混合液温度、流速等对餐厨垃圾废油脂分离回收效率的影响。结果表明,160℃湿热处理80min时,餐厨垃圾固相内部油脂液化浸出效果较佳。餐厨垃圾脱出液粗粒化油脂回收的适宜条件为:塑料纤维材料粗粒化效果优于金属丝材料;粗粒化床高35 cm,分离床入口油水混合物温度为40℃时油水分离效率较高。另外,在满足处理能力的情况下,适当降低粗粒化床进口液体流速可以提高粗粒化效果,当流速低于0.825 m/s时,可以保证油脂回收率为75%以上。     

校园餐厨垃圾组成及热解特性分析

校园餐厨垃圾具有一般餐厨垃圾成分复杂且含水率高的特点外,也存在自身特性。热解产物具有很高的利用价值。本研究调研唐山某高校餐厨垃圾组成,采用管式热解炉进行有机组分的热解特性分析。结果表明校园餐厨垃圾含水率为68.96%,主要为主食类、剩菜、塑料,废纸且比例约为11:6:1:2。以餐厨垃圾中有机物的混合物为实验原料,干燥后在350℃~650℃范围内进行实验研究。随着热解温度的升高和停留时间的增加,固体残渣的产率减小,不凝气的产率增加,热解液产率变化不大。     

餐厨垃圾理化性质及其厌氧发酵产气潜力分析

以某学校餐厨垃圾为原料,分别从物理组成、含水率、挥发性固体含量以及营养元素等方面对餐厨垃圾的理化性质进行分析,并进一步对餐厨垃圾及其组分进行厌氧发酵产沼气能力研究。研究结果表明,餐厨垃圾以米饭为主,具有高含水率和高有机物含量的特性,且营养组成完全满足厌氧发酵工艺的要求。混合餐厨垃圾、米饭、蔬菜和肉类的沼气产率分别为:508.3,478.2,433.3和206.8 mL/g(按挥发性固体计),混合餐厨垃圾的沼气产率比米饭、蔬菜、肉类分别高6.3%,17.3%和145.8%,各组分间营养物质的良性互补可能是导致混合餐厨垃圾产量更高的原因。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产沼气的初步探究

餐厨垃圾在城市生活垃圾中占很大比重,利用微生物技术对餐厨垃圾进行处理并产生能源物质是当前处理餐厨垃圾的主要趋势。研究利用微生物厌氧发酵处理餐厨垃圾产生沼气。实验确定了利用新鲜牛粪和活性污泥做种源处理餐厨垃圾;初步确定了发酵过程中的主要参数：严格厌氧,发酵温度37℃,餐厨垃圾固形物含量不高于25%,接种量占发酵原料的25%~33%均可,发酵pH维持在7左右,发酵周期为15天,存在两个产气高峰,分别存在于接种后的第4~6天,9~11天。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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