Increased membrane-bound polyribosome fraction in the brains of rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus

Summary Rats homozygous for hypothalamic diabetes insipidus were found to have a significantly higher concentration of membrane-bound polyribosomes thant their heterozygous littermates. There was no difference in the concentration of free polyribosomes.     

The effect of dehydration on the neurohypophyseal blood flow in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus

Neurohypophyseal blood flow increases in water-deprived rats. This increase is independent of vasopressin release, since it occurs even in rats with hereditary defect of hypothalamic vasopressin synthesis.     

The effect of dehydration on the neurohypophyseal blood flow in rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus

Summary Neurohypophyseal blood flow increases in water-deprived rats. This increase is independent of vasopressin release, since it occurs even in rats with hereditary defect of hypothalamic vasopressin synthesis.Acknowledgment. The technical assistance of D. Vilimovská is acknowledged.     

The renal concentrating ability of newly born brattleboro rats (hereditary diabetes insipidus)

Summary In Brattleboro rats, there was no difference in urine osmolality between animals with and without diabetes insipidus after water deprivation up to age 14 days, and it appeared at age 18 days due to increase of osmolality in non-diabetic individuals.     

The renal concentrating ability of newly born Brattleboro rats (hereditary diabetes insipidus).

In Brattleboro rats, there was no difference in urine osmolality between animals with and without diabetes insipidus after water deprivation up to age 14 days, and it appeared at age 18 days due to increase of osmolality in non-diabetic individuals.     

Effect of brain lesions on hypothalamic noradrenalin in rats

Résumé Des lésions bilaterales, localisées par stéréotaxie dans la région de l'hippocampe chez le Rat, produisent au bout de 20 jours une diminution significative de la concentration en noradrénaline de l'hypothalamus. Si les rats sont sacrifiés 10 jours seulement après la lésion, il n'y a pas de modifications dans cette concentration. Le contenu en noradrénaline de l'hypothalamus est légèrement réduit par des lésions thalamiques, mais n'est pas modifié par des lésions faites au niveau du cortex cérébral, de l'amygdala, de l'habénula, du corpus callosum, et du bulbe olfactif.

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Research Associate. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas.     

Monoamines in sympathetic ganglia studied with fluorescence microscopy

Zusammenfassung Sympathische Ganglien wurden mit einer spezifischen und besonders empfindlichen histochemischen Methode zum Nachweis gewisser Monoamine studiert. Die meisten Zellkörper der Ganglienzellen enthalten im Cytoplasma mehr oder weniger einer primären Monoamine, wahrscheinlich Noradrenalin. In prävertebralen Ganglien wurden auch adrenerge Nevenendigungen nachgewiesen, die synaptische Verbindungen mit den Ganglienzellen eingehen.

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This work has been supported by grants from the United States Public Health Service (NB 02854-03), the Foundation Therese and Johan Anderssons Minne, and Karolinska Institutet.     

The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: A comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals.In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

The behavior of the homozygous and heterozygous sub-types of rats which are genetically-selected for diabetes insipidus: a comparison with Long Evans and Wistar stocks

Several aspects of spontaneous and conditioned behavior (food and water intake, locomotion and emotionality, passive and active avoidance acquisition and retention) of standard (albino and pigmented) rats, and rats heterozygous (HEDI) and homozygous (HODI) for diabetes insipidus, are reviewed. As would be expected, HODI rats have been repeatedly found to consume far more fluid than either HEDI or control rats. Pigmented rats appear to be more active than albinos. HODI rats exhibit less marked emotional responses than do control rats, among which the pigmented ones exhibit the highest emotionality. Light aversion is more evident in albino than in pigmented rats. No differences are found among HEDI, HODI and normal Long Evans rats. It is quite difficult to provide a clear-cut statement concerning inter-strain differences in passive avoidance behavior, possibly because of the variety of techniques employed. In any case, HODI rats do not perform worse than normal controls do. In one-way active avoidance paradigms, pigmented rats perform better than albinos, and the performance of HODI rats does not differ from that of controls. In two-way avoidance paradigms, albinos appear to outperform pigmented rats. Once again, there are no obvious differences between HODI and control animals. In addition to indicating that HODI rats may actually be less emotional than the other groups of rats reviewed here, the studies described once again fail to confirm the previously alleged functions of vasopressin in memory consolidation.     

The effect of amphetamine on food intake in rats with hypothalamic hyperphagia

Zusammenfassung Amphetamin vermindert die Nahrungsaufnahme von durch beidseitige Zerstörung des ventromedialen Nucleus des Hypothalamus hyperphagisch gemachten Ratten. Es scheint den Appetit durch die Hemmung des lateralen Nahrungsaufnahmezentrums, nicht aber durch Reizung des medialen Sättigungszentrums herabzusetzen.     

Age variation in the increase of hypothalamic and brain stem contents of phenylethanolamine m-octopamine and p-octopamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH Kyoto).

Phenylethanolamine, m-octopamine and p-octopamine contents were determined as a function of age in the hypothalamus and brain stem of spontaneously hypertensive rats and controls Wistar Kyoto. In hypothalamus, the content of the 3 amines was 2--4-fold greater for the SH rats. In the brain stem, the phenylethanolamine and p-octopamine contents were 2--3-fold greater in SH rats but 5--6-fold higher in the case of m-octopamine. The difference appears at 3 weeks and correlates the blood pressure with the increase of age. The significance of these findings is discussed.     

Food intake patterns from weaning to adulthood in male and female rats with hypothalamic lesions

Zusammenfassung Änderungen in der Futteraufnahme von Ratten mit hypothalamischen Läsionen sind nicht nur vom Locus, sondern auch vom Geschlecht und dem Alter abhängig, in welchem sie beigebracht wurden. Pubertät scheint eine Zeit zu sein, in welcher Änderungen in der Futteraufnahme eintreten. Läsionen im hinteren Hypothalamus, die bisher nicht als hyperphagisch bekannt waren, wenn sie in erwachsenen Ratten plaziert wurden, verursachten Hyperphagie in beiden Geschlechtern, wenn die Operation kurz nach Ablaktation durchgeführt wurde.

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This investigation was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the National Science Foundation, U.S.A. — In part taken from a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Western Ontario, London (Canada) and in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1961).     

Age variation in the increase of hypothalamic and brain stem contents of phenylethanolamine m-octopamine and p-octopamine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SH kyoto)

Summary Phenylethanolamine, m=octopamine and p-octopamine contents were determined as a function of age in the hypothalamus and brain stem of spontaneously hypertensive rats and controls Wistar Kyoto. In hypothalamus, the content of the 3 amines was 2–4-fold greater for the SH rats. In the brain stem, the phenylethanolamine and p-octopamine contents were 2–3-fold greater in SH rats but 5–6-fold higher in the case of m-octopamine. The difference appears at 3 weeks and correlates the blood pressure with the increase of age. The significance of these findings is discussed.This work has been completed at the Tokyo University. The author is grateful to Professor Z. Tamura, Dr K. Imai and A. Ooshima as well as to the French Foreign Office and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Sciences.     

Effect of hypothalamic lesions on erythropoietin production in weanling and adult rats

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von künstlichen, bilateralen, elektrolytisch gesetzten Läsionen in verschiedenen Bezirken des Hypothalamus auf die Bildung von Erythropoietin untersucht: Jugendliche (entwöhnte) Ratten reagieren nicht gleich wie erwachsene Ratten, und die verschiedenen Kerne des Hypothalamus beeinflussen die Erythropoietin-Bildung verschieden.

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This investigation was supported in part by research grants No. AI-04506, CA-02728 and CA-07745 from the U.S. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, the John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc. and U.S. Public Health Service Grant No. HE-06975 from the National Heart Institute.     

Development of hyperphagia in female rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions placed at four different ages

Zusammenfassung Ventromedial-hypothalamische Läsionen führen bei nicht mehr säugenden weiblichen Ratten zu temporärer Hypophagie, bei älteren Tieren zu Hyperphagie. In den folgenden Wochen wird eine autonome Stabilität und normale Futteraufnahme wieder erreicht. Bezogen auf das Körpergewicht assen die nicht mehr säugenden Ratten weniger als gleich alte Kontrolltiere, mehr jedoch als ältere lädierte Ratten.

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This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant HE No. 06975 of the National Heart Institute.

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The author is grateful to Dr.Floyd R.Skelton for his criticism, help and support in this investigation.     

Sex and age differences in hyperthermia response to ether anesthesia in weanling rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions

Zusammenfassung Entwöhnte junge weibliche Ratten mit ventromedialen hypothalamischen Läsionen zeigten keine Hyperthermie, wie sie bei geschlechtsreifen weiblichen Ratten bei Äthernarkose beobachtet wird. In männlichen entwöhnten, jungen Ratten mit Läsionen war jedoch eine signifikante Hyperthermie nachweisbar, welche in beiden Geschlechtern von der Futtermenge und dem Ausmass der hypothalamischen Fettsucht unabhängig war. Läsionen im ventromedialen Hypothalamus der weiblichen jungen Ratte scheinen einen zentralen Mechanismus zu beeinflussen, welcher es ihnen nicht ermöglicht, auf Äthernarkose mit Hyperthermie zu reagieren.

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This investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grants No. HE 06 975 and No. HD 03331, N.I.H.     

The response of male and female rats with hypothalamic lesions to low and high environmental temperatures

Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass normale weibliche Ratten weniger kälteresistent sind als gleichaltrige männliche Ratten desselben Stammes. Dies gilt auch für weibliche Tiere mit elektrolytischen Läsionen in verschiedenen Loci des Hypothalamus. Am 25. Tag in den Nuclei supraoptici lädierte Ratten zeigen eine ausgeprägte Unfähigkeit, Hitze zu ertragen. Dies steht in Übereinstimmung mit der gegenwärtigen Auffassung, dass der vordere Hypothalamus bei der Beseitigung der Überhitzung eine Rolle spielt.

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This investigation was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the National Science Foundation, U.S.A.

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In part taken from a thesis submitted to the faculty of graduate studies, Univ. of Western Ontario, London (Canada) and in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (1961).     

Effects of hypothalamic injections of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on thermoregulation in rats

Summary 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonin depletor, infused directly into the anterior hypothalamus of rat's brain, produced an increase in both heat production and heat loss (as indicated by changes in peripheral circulation) at temperatures of 8, 15 and 22°C. The rectal temperature of these treated rats remained constant.This work was supported by grants from National Science Council of Taiwan and J. Aron Charitable Foundation (USA). The author is grateful to Dr C. Y. Chai and Mr C. C. Wei for their support.