路的笛卡尔积图的Wiener指数

G=(V,E)是一个简单连通图,其中V和E分别为G的顶点集和边集.一个图G的Wiener指数W(G)是指图G中所有顶点对之间的距离之和,即W(G)=∑{u,v}GdG(u,v).给出了Pm×Pn的Wiener指数.     

路和圈的联的Wiener指数

G=(V,E)是一个简单连通图,其中V和E分别为G的顶点集和边集.一个图G的Wiener指数W(G)是指图G中所有顶点对之间的距离之和,即W(G)=∑{u,v}■G dG(u,v).文章给出了Pn∨Pm和Pn∨Cm的Wiener指数.     

具有次大Wiener指数的单圈图

设G=(V,E)是一个简单连通图,V和E分别为G的顶点集和边集.研究了单圈图的Wiener指数,利用单圈图的Wiener指数的计算公式,刻划了具有次大Wiener指数的单圈图的特征.     

某类联图中保Wiener指数的树

Wiener指数是指一个连通图中所有顶点之间的距离之和。给定一个连通图G,若存在G中一棵子树T,使得W(G)=W(T),则称T为G的一棵保Wiener指数的树,本文给出了对于满足特定条件的某类m+2k阶联图中均有保Wiener指数的子树。     

两类图及其线图的Wiener指数

一个图G的Wiener指数W(G)是一个基于距离的拓扑指数,它是图G中所有顶点之间的距离之和.文章证明了对于圈数λ≥7或9存在两类图G,它们满足性质W(G)=W(L(G)),这里L(G)表示图G的线图.     

关于点赋权图的赋权控制数的一个上界

点赋权图Gw=（V,E,W）是指对简单图G的顶点集作一个赋权函数W：V→R^＋。在图G所有的控制集D V（G）（V（G）／D中的任意顶点v都与D中的点关联）中最小的权和W（D）称为图Gw的赋权控制数。记作γw（Gw）。证明了对基数为N,平均权为W^-的图Gw,其赋权控制数γw（Gw）≤Nw^-1δ＋1^——1＋1n（δ＋1）。     

两个满足性质W(G)=W(L(G))的双圈图

一个图G=(V,E)的Wiener指数W(G)是基于距离拓扑指标定义的图G中所有点对距离的总和,这篇文章我们给出两个满足性质W(G)=W(L(G))的双圈图,这里L(G)是图G的线图。     

扇形图P1 ∨ Pm中保Wiener指数的树

Wiener指数是指一个连通图中所有顶点之间的距离之和.给定一个连通图G,若存在G中一棵子树T,使得W(G)=W(T),则称T为G的一可保Wiener指数的树.对于满足下列条件之一的m 1阶的扇形图P1∨Pm,证明了P1∨Pm中均有保Wiener指数的子树(i)m=t2 4t 1(t为任意正整数);(ii)m=21(t2 5t 3)(t≥6为正整数).     

给定悬挂点数图的Wiener指数的极图

设G是一个简单图,图G的Wiener指数是G中所有顶点的距离之和。本文刻画了给定顶点数和悬挂点数的图类中,Wiener指数取到最小、次小、第三小的极图,并由此确定了关于悬挂点数的Wiener指数的下界。     

图的Laplacian谱半径的界

设G为n阶简单连通图，V（G）为G的顶点集，E（G）为G的边集，du表示顶点u的度，Tu表示顶点u的2－度，μ（G）表示图G的Laplieian谱半径。该文证明了μ（G）≤man{√du^2 dv^2 Tu Tv|uv∈E(G)}。特别，若G为偶图，则min{√du^2 dv^2 Tu tv}uv∈E（G）≤μ（G）≤min{√du^2 dv^2 Tu tv|uv∈E(G)}。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the